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Venkatesh YS, Raju V, Pal K, Keepanasseril A. Pathophysiology and pregnancy outcomes of ascites in preeclampsia-a scoping review. J Hum Hypertens 2024:10.1038/s41371-024-00927-0. [PMID: 39048680 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-024-00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder associated with defective trophoblast invasion, maternal syndrome, and capillary endothelial leak. The presence of ascites/third space fluid accumulation increases the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. The current criteria/guidelines of preeclampsia do not establish the presence of ascites as a marker of severity or recognize the timing and need for early delivery despite associated complications. Medline and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant literature, reported up to December 2023, regarding the pathophysiology, pregnancy outcome, and management of preeclampsia complicated with ascites. A total of 5 studies on pathophysiology and eight on pregnancy outcomes met the inclusion criteria, with 41 case reports on ascites in preeclampsia. The etiopathogenesis for the development of ascites in preeclampsia includes endothelial damage, capillary hyperpermeability, release of vasoconstrictive agents, reduced intravascular oncotic pressure, and raised intraabdominal pressure. The presence of ascites represents the extreme form of microvascular damage, which also correlates with the raised sFlt-1 levels in this condition. The adverse pregnancy outcomes include increased risk of congestive heart failure, eclampsia, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and maternal death. The presence of ascites in preeclampsia is associated with the deterioration of the maternal condition. Hence, it is indicative of preeclampsia with severe features and requires vigilant monitoring, and prompt delivery may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavana Suriya Venkatesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India
| | - Venkatesh Raju
- Department of Cardiology, Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi, India
| | - Koustav Pal
- Department of Interventional Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anish Keepanasseril
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India.
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Mousa A, Mandili RL, Aljahdali M, Gari S, Khaimi S, Alahdal S, Derar RM, Marzook S. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Preeclampsia With and Without Severe Features in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e31013. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Getaneh Y, Fekadu E, Jemere AT, Mengistu Z, Tarekegn GE, Oumer M. Incidence and determinants of adverse outcomes among women who were managed for eclampsia in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:734. [PMID: 34715798 PMCID: PMC8555341 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of eclampsia and its adverse maternal outcomes are very high in developing countries, particularly in Subsaharan African Countries. Identifying predictors for adverse maternal outcomes of eclampsia has paramount importance for helping health care providers to optimize their management outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes of eclampsia and its determinant factors. Methods A retrospective follow-up study design was applied. The data were extracted from patient charts using a structured, pre-tested, questionnaire. Descriptive analyses (frequencies, means, and standard deviation) were calculated, and bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to testing the association between independent variables and an outcome variable. After the data were coded and entered into Epi-Info Version 7.2 Software, the data were analyzed using STATA Version 14 Statistical Software. Results The magnitude of eclampsia was 5.36 per 1000 pregnancies (95% CI: 4.72, 6.10). The incidence of adverse maternal outcomes in eclamptic mothers was 53.7% (95% CI: 47.02, 60.24%). After adjusting for covariates maternal age 30–34, AOR 5.4 [95% CI = 1.02, 28.6]; age above 34, AOR 10.5 [95% CI = 1.3, 88.6]; gravidity 2–4, AOR 0.3 [95% CI = 0.1, 0.9]; 10 or more convulsions, AOR 4.6 [95% CI = 1.4, 14.9]; mild pyrexia, AOR 20.4 [95% CI = 3.7, 112.7]; moderate pyrexia, AOR 14.6 [95% CI = 1.7125.1]; platelet count below 50,000 cells/mm3, AOR 34.9 [95% CI = 3.6, 336.2]; platelet count between 50,000 and 99,000 cells/mm3, AOR 24.5 [95%CI = 5.4111.6]; and stillbirth of the current pregnancy, AOR 23.2 [95%CI = 2.1257.5] were strong predictors of adverse maternal outcomes in eclamptic mothers. Conclusions The incidence of adverse maternal outcomes of eclampsia was found to be high compared to similar studies discussed in this study. This study recommends early identification of patients with the risk factors (having many convulsions, high body temperature, low platelet count, patient age above 30 years, and 2–4 pregnancies), strengthening the referral system, and advocation of research on the area of adverse maternal outcomes and thereby encourage evidence-based medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-04199-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisfa Getaneh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elfalet Fekadu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Takele Jemere
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Mengistu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrekidan Ewnetu Tarekegn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Oumer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. .,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Sharara HA, Shaikh N, Ummunnisa F, Aboobacker N, Tamimi HA. Changes in trends and outcomes of eclampsia: a success story from Qatar. Qatar Med J 2019; 2019:10. [PMID: 34113550 PMCID: PMC8170619 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are two hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that significantly contribute to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Eclampsia is the occurrence of seizures in patients with preeclampsia without any previous history of seizure disorders. The incidence and prevalence of eclampsia varies, and there is scarce literature about the prevalence and trends of eclampsia in the Arabian Gulf countries. This study aimed to identify the incidence and changing trends of eclampsia in Qatar. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary heathcare center in Qatar, and included all patients admitted with eclampsia from 1979 to 2017. The demographic data, maternal age, parity, gestational age, antenatal visits, timing of seizures, mode of delivery, treatment, maternal morbidity, and mortality were recorded. The study period was divided into the initial period of 1979–1988, 1991–2009, and the recent period of 2010–2017. Data analysis was performed using chi-square tests to identify trends among the three different periods. A p value of ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 151 patients with eclampsia were admitted with an increasing incidence of eclampsia over time. There was a statistically significant improvement in antenatal follow-up and an increase in the maternal age of patients with eclampsia (p = 0.001). The incidence of eclampsia without proteinuria increased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Postpartum eclampsia was more common (p = 0.002). Labetalol was the most frequently used antihypertensive agent (p = 0.001), and magnesium sulfate has been increasingly used as an anticonvulsant agent (p = 0.001). The rate of maternal morbidity was decreasing, and in the recent period, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was becoming a common comorbidity in patients with eclampsia. Maternal mortality displayed significant improvement, reaching 0% in the recent study period (p = 0.02). Perinatal mortality likewise displayed a decreasing trend and reached 3.17% in the recent period. Conclusion: The incidence of eclampsia is increasing in Qatar. The antenatal care of patients with eclampsia has improved significantly. The medical management of patients with eclampsia has also drastically improved, leading to a significant decrease in maternal mortality and improvement in perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A Sharara
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al-Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Nissar Shaikh
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firdous Ummunnisa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al-Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Naseera Aboobacker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al-Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Halima Al Tamimi
- Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, Ottun TA, Akinlusi FM, Adebanjo AA, Alausa TG. Risk factors for maternal mortality associated with eclampsia presenting at a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Int J Womens Health 2018; 10:715-721. [PMID: 30464647 PMCID: PMC6228085 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s178729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eclampsia remains a leading contributor to maternal mortality, particularly in developing countries, and remains a challenge even to the most experienced obstetrician. We aimed to determine the factors associated with maternal mortality in eclamptics at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Nigeria, in order to suggest ways to prevent this avoidable tragedy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were prospectively collected with the aid of a specially designed proforma from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012. Comparison was made between the patients who died (cases) and the survivors (control). Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using logistic regression. RESULTS The case fatality rate was 19.4%. Factors independently associated with mortality were as follows: period between onset of seizures to arrival in LASUTH >12 hours (adjusted OR=22.04; 95% CI=4.62-104.95; P=0.001), vaginal delivery (adjusted OR=10.96; 95% CI=2.54-47.27; P=0.0013), presence of aspiration pneumonitis (adjusted OR=7.77; 95% CI=2.37-25.46; P=0.0007), and presence of renal failure (adjusted OR=7.09; 95% CI=2.14-23.48; P=0.0014). The use of magnesium sulfate reduced the risk of mortality (adjusted OR=0.25; 95% CI=0.09-0.72; P=0.0104). CONCLUSION Maternal mortality in patients with eclampsia was associated largely with preventable factors. The use of standard obstetric services, prompt referral of patients for definitive care, and the use of simplified dosing regimen of magnesium sulfate may improve its utilization and also improve maternal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabiru Afolarin Rabiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria,
| | - Adeniyi Abiodun Adewunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria,
| | - Tawakwalit Abimbola Ottun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria,
| | - Fatimat Motunrayo Akinlusi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria,
| | - Adewunmi Adeoye Adebanjo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Ganiyat Alausa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Mahran A, Fares H, Elkhateeb R, Ibrahim M, Bahaa H, Sanad A, Gamal A, Zeeneldin M, Khalifa E, Abdelghany A. Risk factors and outcome of patients with eclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:435. [PMID: 29272998 PMCID: PMC5741945 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with eclampsia in order to get reliable data that helps in reducing the incidence and improving the outcome in an area with high incidence of eclampsia. METHODS Retrospective study including 250 patients diagnosed with eclampsia at Minia Maternity University Hopsital, Minia, Egypt in the period between January 2013 and December 2014.We analyzed the data obtained from medical records of these patients including patient characteristics, medical, obstetric, current pregnancy history, data on hospital admission, treatment given at hospital and maternal and perinatal outcome. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. RESULTS During the study period, 21690 women gave birth in the hospital; of which 250 cases of eclampsia were diagnosed (1.2%).Four women died (case fatality rate 1.6%). The main risk factors identified were young age, nulliparity, low level of education, poor ante-natal attendance and pre-existing medical problems. The most common complication was HELLP syndrome (15.6%). Magnesium sulphate therapy was given to all patients but there was lack of parenteral anti-hypertensive therapy. Forty six cases delivered vaginally (18.4%). Assisted delivery was performed in 22 (8.8%) cases and caesarean section in 177 (70.8%) cases; 151(60.4%) primary caesarean sections and 26 (10.4%) intra-partum. Perinatal deaths occurred in 11.9% on cases. Prematurity and poor neonatal services were the main cause. CONCLUSION Morbidity and mortality from eclampsia are high in our setting. Improving ante-natal and emergency obstetric and neonatal care is mandatory to improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mahran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hashem Fares
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Reham Elkhateeb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Haitham Bahaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Sanad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Alaa Gamal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zeeneldin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Eissa Khalifa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelghany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Chibber R, Al-Hijji J, Amen A, Fouda M, Kaleemullah ZM, El-Saleh E, Mohammed AT. Maternal and perinatal outcome of eclampsia over a decade at a tertiary hospital in Kuwait. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:3132-7. [PMID: 26616117 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine maternal and perinatal outcome of eclampsia patients over a decade. METHODS Analysis of case records of all eclampsia cases from January 2005 to December 2014. RESULTS There were 30 cases of eclampsia. The most significant risk factors for developing pre-eclampsia are unbooked cases (97%), nulliparity, young age, marriage ≤4 months, history of pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancy, remarriage, preexisting diabetes mellitus, interval between pregnancies ≥10 years, positive family history. The incidence of eclampsia was 0.05%, antepartum eclampsia 15 (50%), intrapartum 6 (20%) and postpartum 9 (30%) with no maternal deaths, and 1 perinatal death. Perinatal mortality was 33.3/1000. 22 (73%) patients received magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and 8 patients (27%) received Diazepam, of which 1 had recurrence of convulsions. All 15 antepartum cases were delivered by cesarean section as were 2 intrapartum. 13 (43%) of women delivered vaginally. Only 6 (20%) patients were of low socio-economic status and were primary school educated. Severe maternal complications occurred in 8 (27%), with abruptio placentae being the most common 3 (38%). CONCLUSIONS Incidence of eclampsia was low, with no maternal deaths. MgSO4 was found to be highly effective. Lack of antenatal care is a major risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Chibber
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Kuwait City , Kuwait and.,b Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Al-Adan Hospital , Kuwait
| | - Jassim Al-Hijji
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Al-Adan Hospital , Kuwait
| | - Ali Amen
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Al-Adan Hospital , Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Fouda
- b Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Al-Adan Hospital , Kuwait
| | | | - Eyad El-Saleh
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Kuwait City , Kuwait and
| | - Asiya Tasneem Mohammed
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Kuwait City , Kuwait and
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Nasiri M, Faghihzadeh S, Alavi Majd H, Zayeri F, Kariman N, Safavi Ardebili N. Longitudinal discriminant analysis of hemoglobin level for predicting preeclampsia. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e19489. [PMID: 26019901 PMCID: PMC4441775 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications during pregnancy with important effects on health of mother and fetus that causes maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to evaluate whether high levels of hemoglobin may increase the risk of preeclampsia. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict preeclampsia by the hemoglobin profiles through longitudinal discriminant analysis and comparing the error rate of discrimination in longitudinal and cross sectional data. Patients and Methods: In a prospective cohort study from October 2010 to July 2011, 650 pregnant women referred to the prenatal clinic of Milad Hospital in Tehran were evaluated in 3 stages. The hemoglobin level of each woman was measured in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy by an expert technician. The subjects were followed up to delivery and preeclampsia was the main outcome under study. The covariance pattern and linear-mixed effects models are common methods that were applied for discriminant analysis of longitudinal data. Also Student t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics between two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software version 9.1. Results: The prevalence rate of preeclampsia was 7.2% (47 women). The women with preeclampsia had a higher mean of hemoglobin values and the difference was 0.46 g/dL (P = 0.003). Also the mean of hemoglobin in the first trimester was higher than that of the second trimester, and was lower than that of the third trimester and the differences were significant (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively). The sensitivity for longitudinal data and cross-sectional data in three trimesters was 90%, 67%, 72%, and 54% and the specificity was 88%, 55%, 63%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusions: The levels of hemoglobin can be used to predict preeclampsia and monitoring the pregnant women and its regular measure in 3 trimesters help us to identify women at risk for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Soghrat Faghihzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Soghrat Faghihzadeh, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2414240301, E-mail:
| | - Hamid Alavi Majd
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farid Zayeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Noorosadat Kariman
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Abedi P, Mohaghegh Z, Afshary P, Latifi M. The relationship of serum vitamin D with pre-eclampsia in the Iranian women. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2014; 10:206-12. [PMID: 23782626 PMCID: PMC6860245 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for negative outcome in pregnancy, such as pre-term labour, low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation and gestational diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and pre-eclampsia. This was a case-control study of 59 pre-eclamptic women and 59 healthy pregnant women selected in two hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. Women with term singleton pregnancy, nulliparous and of reproductive age were selected. Venous blood samples (2 mL) were taken and the level of 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) was measured. If the levels of 25-OH-D were less than 10 ng mL(-1), between 10 ng mL(-1) and 29 ng mL(-1) and more than 30 ng mL(-1), they were considered as indicating deficient, insufficient and normal 25-OH-D concentrations, respectively. The independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square and logistic regression were used for analysing the data. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the pre-eclampsia group [odds ratio (OR) = 24.04, confidence interval (CI) = 2.10-274.8, P = 0.01]. Older women (30-35 years) were more likely to develop pre-eclampsia compared with the control group (OR = 10.36, CI = 2.18-49.09, P = 0.003). The results showed that women with body mass index (BMI) <20 were more likely to develop pre-eclampsia. The ages between 20 years and 30 years and normal BMI were not the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Vitamin D deficiency has a statistically significant relationship with pre-eclampsia. It seems that the serum vitamin D levels are low in Iranian women because of their particular lifestyle and they may need more than 400 IU day(-1) vitamin D supplement during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Abedi
- Reproductive Health Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Zainab Mohaghegh
- Midwifery DepartmentNursing & Midwifery SchoolAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Poorandokht Afshary
- Reproductive Health Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mahmood Latifi
- Health SchoolAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes following magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in real-world use. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012; 118:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Collange O, Launoy A, Kopf-Pottecher A, Dietemann JL, Pottecher T. Éclampsie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 29:e75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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