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Akintayo AA, Aduloju OP, Dada MU, Abiodun-Ojo OA, Oluwole LO, Ade-Ojo IP. Comparison of self-esteem and depression among fertile and infertile women in a low resource setting. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:1198-1203. [PMID: 34379544 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1945002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of infertility on self-esteem and depression, and to identify the sociodemographic and infertility characteristics associated with self-esteem and depression among infertile women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Self-esteem and depression were assessed in 100 infertile women and 100 women seeking family planning (controls) using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Infertile women had significantly lower RSES score (19.4 ± 4.5 vs. 20.7 ± 4.4, p=.038) and higher PHQ-9 score (5.1 ± 4.1 vs. 3.8 ± 3.5, p=.023) compared to controls. Among infertile women, marital status, being remarried, duration of infertility, and RSES score were associated with PHQ-9 score on simple linear regression. On multiple linear regression analysis, the RSES score had a negative association with the PHQ-9 score (β= -0.32, p<.001). In conclusion, infertile women have lower self-esteem and higher depression scores. Mental health screening and management should be an integral part of care administered to infertile women.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Infertility is a global health problem with negative effects on the mental health and quality of life of couples, especially women.What the results of this study add? Infertile women have lower self-esteem and higher depression scores. The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is higher among infertile women. Longer duration of infertility, older age, ≤6 years of formal education, and low self-esteem are significant associations of MDD among infertile women.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Mental health screening and management should be included in the care given to women undergoing evaluation and treatment for infertility. Larger community-based studies evaluating other aspects of mental health among infertile couples are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinyemi A Akintayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.,Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olusola P Aduloju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji U Dada
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Lateef O Oluwole
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Idowu P Ade-Ojo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Bello FA, Adeolu JO, Abdulmalik JO, Abdus-salam RA, Egbokhare OA, Otekunrin OA, Ayinde OO, Adeniyi AF. Reducing anxiety and depression in infertility among Nigerian women: an exploratory psycho-educational intervention trial (RADIANT) study protocol. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:43. [PMID: 34422166 PMCID: PMC8356932 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.43.23703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE high premium is placed on infertility in Nigerian culture. Data is limited on its association with emotional problems in Nigeria. AIMS to develop content for a culturally relevant and cost-effective psychoeducational intervention package and to evaluate its effectiveness for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Sample size estimate: Methods and design: a multi-method study design including development and validation (which includes focus group discussions) of an audio-visual tool which will serve as the intervention in a randomized controlled trial. Data will be analyzed with interim and survival analyses. POPULATION STUDIED one hundred and 138 (68 per group) infertile women attending infertility clinic in Ibadan. STUDY OUTCOMES anxiety and depressions scores assessed with the hospital depression and anxiety scale (HADS) at 0, 3 and 6 weeks. DISCUSSION it is hoped that the use of the audio-visual tool will improve participants depression and anxiety scores and that the tool will be used for education in routine clinic use and community awareness on psychosocial effects of infertility.
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Kyei JM, Manu A, Kotoh AM, Adjei CA, Ankomah A. Beliefs about children and the psychosocial implications of infertility on individuals seeking assisted fertilization in Ghana. REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE & SOCIETY ONLINE 2021; 12:88-95. [PMID: 33898794 PMCID: PMC8053779 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Infertility presents challenges to individuals and couples, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to document beliefs about childbearing/children and the psychosocial implications of infertility in individuals seeking assisted fertilization in the Ghanaian context. The study had an exploratory descriptive qualitative design. Six males and 12 females were recruited purposefully from five private fertility centres in the Greater Accra Region. Face-to-face interviews were performed. In Ghanaian society, couples and individuals with infertility who are seeking assisted fertilization consider having biological children to be important. The quest to have children was broadly centred on the associated benefits of being a parent, including societal recognition, the role of family inheritance, and support. The inability of participants to have biological children was found to have a negative effect on their psychological and social well-being. Anxiety, worry, hopelessness, stigma and suicidal ideations were some of the effects identified. It is recommended that those seeking assisted fertilization should be supported through counselling to minimize the potential negative effects of childlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adom Manu
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Agnes M. Kotoh
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Augustine Ankomah
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Population Council, Accra, Ghana
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Naab F, Brown R, Ward EC. Culturally adapted depression intervention to manage depression among women with infertility in Ghana. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:949-961. [PMID: 31216898 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319857175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the feasibility of a culturally adapted depression intervention among women with infertility. Women who were seeking medical treatment for infertility were randomized into treatment and control groups. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 3 months post intervention. General linear mixed model using empirical Bayesian estimates for repeated measures was used. The findings indicate an improvement in the women's psychosocial health in the treatment group as compared with the controls. These findings strongly suggest that the management of these psychosocial problems should be an integral part of the management of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Naab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Roger Brown
- School of Medicine, Nursing and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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Ying LY, Wu LH, Loke AY. Gender differences in experiences with and adjustments to infertility: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1640-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Naab F, Brown R, Heidrich S. Psychosocial Health of Infertile Ghanaian Women and Their Infertility Beliefs. J Nurs Scholarsh 2013; 45:132-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Naab
- Tau Lambda at Large , Lecturer; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences; University of Ghana; Legon Accra Ghana
| | - Roger Brown
- Professor, Schools of Nursing, Medicine and Public Health; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - Susan Heidrich
- Beta Eta at Large, Helen Denne Schulte Professor Emeritus; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nurse Scientist, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital; Madison WI USA
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Prevalence and risk factors of the female sexual dysfunction in a sample of infertile Iranian women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:1589-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Peterson B, Boivin J, Norré J, Smith C, Thorn P, Wischmann T. An introduction to infertility counseling: a guide for mental health and medical professionals. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:243-8. [PMID: 22290604 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of infertility counseling delivered by mental health and medical professionals has become more sophisticated and widespread over the past decade. This paper summarizes information presented at the second campus workshop of the Special Interest Group of Psychology and Counseling of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). This group is dedicated to improving infertility services by creating meaningful connections between mental health and medical professionals. The paper identifies key issues that infertility counselors must consider in their work with couples experiencing infertility. The use of supportive psychosocial interventions and treatments are highlighted. The paper also details the process for choosing the most appropriate type of infertility counseling, and the use of assessment tools that assist in understanding infertility related symptoms. Infertility counselors should also consider gender differences, the impact of infertility on a couple's sexual relationship,and the unique challenges couples face regarding third-party conception. Finally, the paper addresses specific recommendations for infertility counselors in mental health and medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Peterson
- Faculty of Psychology, Crean School of Health and Life Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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Lansakara N, Wickramasinghe AR, Seneviratne HR. Feeling the blues of infertility in a South Asian context: psychological well-being and associated factors among Sri Lankan women with primary infertility. Women Health 2011; 51:383-99. [PMID: 21707340 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2011.574790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary infertility may have a considerable impact on the psychological well-being of women. In the present study, the authors investigated the psychological well-being and its correlates among Sri Lankan women with primary infertility. A total of 177 women with primary infertility were compared with 177 fertile women matched for age and duration of marriage to identify differences in the psychological well-being between the two groups. They were recruited from a prevalence survey conducted in the district of Colombo, Sri Lanka from August 2005 to February 2006. The General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30) and Mental Health sub-components of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were used to measure psychological well-being. In addition, infertile women with and without psychological distress were compared to identify the social, marital, treatment, and demographic factors independently associated with psychological distress. A significantly higher proportion of women with primary infertility (66.1%; 95% CI 58.6-73.0%) had psychological distress as compared to fertile women (18.6 %; 95% CI 13.2-25.2%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, infertile women who were psychologically distressed were significantly less educated (OR = 55.3; 95% CI 15.2-201.0), had poor marital communication (OR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.3-9.8), had a higher priority for having children (OR = 4.2; 95% CI 1.3-13.8), and had been previously (OR = 39.1; 95% CI 8.3-185.4) or currently (OR = 11.0; 95% CI 3.0-40.6) investigated/treated for infertility when compared with infertile women without distress. Women with primary infertility reported more distress as compared to fertile women. Psychological distress among infertile women was associated with poorer education, being previously/currently investigated/treated, placing higher importance on having children, and having poor marital communication. The need for psychological intervention targeting infertile women in clinics and community settings is highlighted.
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Karshima JA, Daru PH, Ekedigwe JE. Hysterosalpingographic evaluation of 998 consecutive infertile women in Jos, Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010; 108:255-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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