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Zhou W, Zikos TA, Halawi H, Sheth VR, Gurland B, Nguyen LA, Neshatian L. Anorectal manometry for the diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders in patients with hypermobility spectrum disorders and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:538. [PMID: 36564719 PMCID: PMC9784268 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) including impaired rectal evacuation are common in patients with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). The effect of connective tissue pathologies on pelvic floor function in HSD/hEDS remains unclear. We aimed to compare clinical characteristics and anorectal pressure profile in patients with HSD/hEDS to those of age and sex matched controls. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all FGID patients who underwent high resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM) and balloon expulsion test (BET) for evaluation of impaired rectal evacuation. Patients with HSD/hEDS were age and sex matched to a randomly selected cohort of control patients without HSD/hEDS. An abnormal BET was defined as the inability to expel a rectal balloon within 2 minutes. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher's exact test were used to make comparisons and logistic regression model for predictive factors for abnormal evacuation. RESULTS A total of 144 patients (72 with HSD/hEDS and 72 controls) were analyzed. HSD/hEDS patients were more likely to be Caucasian (p < 0.001) and nulliparous. Concurrent psychiatric disorders; depression, and anxiety (p < 0.05), and somatic syndromes; fibromyalgia, migraine and sleep disorders (p < 0.001) were more common in these patients. Rate of abnormal BET were comparable among the groups. HDS/hEDS patients had significantly less anal relaxation and higher residual anal pressures during simulated defecation, resulting in significantly more negative rectoanal pressure gradient. The remaining anorectal pressure profile and sensory levels were comparable between the groups. While diminished rectoanal pressure gradient was the determinant of abnormal balloon evacuation in non HSD/hEDS patients, increased anal resting tone and maximum volume tolerated were independent factors associated with an abnormal BET in HSD/hEDS patients. Review of defecography data from a subset of patients showed no significant differences in structural pathologies between HSD/hEDS and non HSD/hEDS patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest anorectal pressure profile is not compromised by connective tissue pathologies in HSD patients. Whether concurrent psychosomatic disorders or musculoskeletal involvement impact the pelvic floor function in these patients needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Zhou
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 430 Broadway St. Pav C 3rd Floor, GI Suite, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
| | - Thomas A. Zikos
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 430 Broadway St. Pav C 3rd Floor, GI Suite, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
| | - Houssam Halawi
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 430 Broadway St. Pav C 3rd Floor, GI Suite, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
| | - Vipul R. Sheth
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Redwood City, USA
| | - Brooke Gurland
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Surgery, Stanford Universtiy, Redwood City, USA
| | - Linda A. Nguyen
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 430 Broadway St. Pav C 3rd Floor, GI Suite, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
| | - Leila Neshatian
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 430 Broadway St. Pav C 3rd Floor, GI Suite, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
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Patel M, Khullar V. Urogynaecology and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 187:579-585. [PMID: 34799982 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) can lead to a presentation to urogynaecology services with multiple symptoms including vaginal prolapse, overactive bladder symptoms, voiding dysfunction, bladder pain syndrome, recurrent urinary tracts infections, stress urinary incontinence, recurring bladder diverticula, vesicoureteral reflux, pelvic floor pain or spasms, and complicated postnatal perineal wounds. This article explores the pathophysiology of these conditions in causing urinary urgency, incontinence, and infections; highlighting the key investigations and management considerations for women with EDS including conservative, pharmacological, and surgical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mittal Patel
- Department of Urogynaecology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Paddington, London, UK
| | - Vik Khullar
- Department of Urogynaecology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Paddington, London, UK
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Gilliam E, Hoffman JD, Yeh G. Urogenital and pelvic complications in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and associated hypermobility spectrum disorders: A scoping review. Clin Genet 2020; 97:168-178. [PMID: 31420870 PMCID: PMC6917879 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) and associated hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are a heterogenous group of connective tissue disorders associated with significant morbidity. The urogenital aspects of these disorders are understudied and there is little guidance on the prevalence, types, or outcomes of urogenital complications in EDS/HSD. Our objective was to perform a scoping review to characterize and synthesize the literature reporting urogenital and pelvic complications in EDS/HSD patients. We performed a systematic search of three databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase) to January 2019. English language, full-text articles reporting on urogenital or pelvic complications in EDS/HSD were included. A total of 105 studies were included (62 case reports/series, 43 observational) involving patients with hypermobile (23%), vascular (20%), classical (12%) EDS, and HSD (24%). Some studies looked at multiple subtypes (11%) or did not report subtype (33%). Reported complications included urinary (41%), gynecological (36%), obstetrical (25%), renal (9%), and men's health problems (7%), with some studies reporting on multiple areas. Urinary and gynecological complications were most prevalent in patients with HSD, while a broad range of complications were reported in EDS. While further research is required, results suggest a higher index of suspicion for urogenital problems is probably warranted in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gilliam
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jodi D. Hoffman
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Yeh
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Prevalence of Functional GI Diseases and Pelvic Floor Symptoms in Marfan Syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A National Cohort Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2019; 53:653-659. [PMID: 30672816 PMCID: PMC6642856 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prior studies have shown a high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, diagnoses of functional GI diseases (FGIDs), and pelvic floor symptoms associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). It is unclear if Marfan syndrome (MFS), another common hereditary noninflammatory connective tissue disorder, is also associated these symptoms. This study evaluates the prevalence of and compares FGIDs and pelvic floor symptoms in a national cohort of EDS and MFS patients. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to members of local and national MFS and EDS societies. The questionnaire evaluated the presence of GI and pelvic floor symptoms and diagnoses. The presence of FGIDs was confirmed using Rome III criteria. Quality of life was evaluated and scored with the CDC quality of life. KEY RESULTS Overall, 3934 patients completed the questionnaire, from which 1804 reported that they had some form of EDS and 600 had MFS. In total, 93% of patients with EDS complained of GI symptoms and qualified for at least one FGID compared with 69.8% of patients with MFS. When comparing EDS prevalence of upper and lower GI symptoms as well as FGIDs, subjects with EDS reported significantly higher prevalence of Rome III FGIDs as compared with those with MFS. Irritable bowel syndrome (57.8% vs. 27.0%, P<0.001), functional dyspepsia (FD) (55.4% vs. 25.0%, P<0.001), postprandial distress (49.6% vs. 21.7%, P<0.001), heartburn (33.1% vs. 16.8%, P<0.001), dysphagia (28.5% vs. 18.3%, P<0.001), aerophagia (24.7% vs. 12.3%, P<0.001), and nausea (24.7% vs. 7.2%, P<0.001) were all significantly greater in the EDS population compared with MFS population. The prevalence of FGIDs was similar across subtypes of EDS. In general, participants with EDS were more likely to have nearly all pelvic floor symptoms as compared with participants with MFS. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FGIDs and pelvic floor symptoms in EDS is higher than that found in MFS. The prevalence of FGIDs were similar across EDS subtypes. This study supports the mounting evidence for FGIDs in those with connective tissue diseases, but more specifically, in EDS.
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Bennett SE, Walsh N, Moss T, Palmer S. The lived experience of Joint Hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2019.1590674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Bennett
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola Walsh
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Moss
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Shea Palmer
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Chan C, Krahe A, Lee YT, Nicholson LL. Prevalence and frequency of self-perceived systemic features in people with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 38:503-511. [PMID: 30232714 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some commonly reported systemic features of joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS)/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (EDS-HT) are absent from nosologies due to insufficient validity. The primary aim was to examine the hypothesised high prevalence and frequency of orthostatic intolerance, easy bruising, and urinary incontinence in adults with JHS/EDS-HT and secondarily to determine the association between extent of generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) and these systemic features. A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted via online recruitment of medically diagnosed JHS/EDS-HT patients. A survey collected demographic data and clinical history. A subgroup of participants underwent physical testing of GJH using the Beighton score and Lower Limb Assessment Score (LLAS). Descriptive analysis was performed on demographic data and self-reported non-musculoskeletal systemic features. Correlation of GJH scores and systemic features were performed using Spearman's rank correlation. The survey was completed by 116 individuals (95% female; 16-68 years) with 57 (93% female) also participating in the physical assessment. The most prevalent systemic feature was orthostatic intolerance (98%), followed by easy bruising and urinary incontinence (97% and 84% respectively). Of those reporting symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, easy bruising, and urinary incontinence, 58%, 40%, and 18% described them as very highly frequent respectively (frequency > 75%). No significant correlations were found between the extent of systemic features and GJH scores as measured by either the Beighton score or the LLAS. The high prevalence and frequency of the systemic features found in this study, which are omitted in diagnostic classification criteria, suggest that further research on their diagnostic accuracy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliffton Chan
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anne Krahe
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yim Tang Lee
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leslie L Nicholson
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Botrus G, Baker O, Borrego E, Ngamdu KS, Teleb M, Gonzales Martinez JL, Maldonado G, Hussein AM, McCallum R. Spectrum of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Joint Hypermobility Syndromes. Am J Med Sci 2018; 355:573-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pezaro S, Pearce G, Reinhold E. Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome during pregnancy, birth and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/bjom.2018.26.4.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Pezaro
- Midwife, researcher and lecturer, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University
| | - Gemma Pearce
- Senior research assistant, Centre for Advances in Behavioural Science, Coventry University
| | - Emma Reinhold
- Portfolio GP; Clinical Champion for the Ehlers Danlos Syndromes, Royal College of GPs; Primary Care Advisor, EDS UK
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Fikree A, Aktar R, Morris JK, Grahame R, Knowles CH, Aziz Q. The association between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-hypermobility type and gastrointestinal symptoms in university students: a cross-sectional study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27683076 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-hypermobility type (EDS-HT) have increased prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, particularly reflux and dyspepsia. EDS-HT is associated with dysautonomia, psychopathology, and chronic pain which can be associated with GI symptoms. The association between GI symptoms and EDS-HT in a 'non-patient' population and the effect of the above-mentioned factors has never been studied. METHODS In a cross sectional study, a hypermobility questionnaire was used to screen university students; further clinical examination established the diagnosis of EDS-HT. Validated questionnaires assessed for GI, somatic, pain and autonomic symptoms, psychopathology and quality of life (QOL). These were compared in students with and without EDS-HT; logistic regression analysis examined associations between EDS-HT, GI symptoms and other variables. KEY RESULTS Of 1998 students screened, 162 were included: 74 EDS-HT (21.0 years, 53% female) vs 88 Non-EDS-HT (21.5 years, 65% female). Compared to non-EDS-HT students, EDS-HT students were more likely to have multiple GI symptoms (41.9% vs 27.3% P=.05), particularly postprandial fullness (34.4% vs 15.9%, P=.01) and early satiety (32% vs 17%, P=.03), greater autonomic (P<.001) and somatic symptoms (P=.04) but not psychopathology (P>.8). The association between EDS-HT and postprandial symptoms was dependent on autonomic factors but independent of pain and psychopathology. Pain-related QOL scores were reduced in the EDS-HT group (80 vs 90, P=.03). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The previously described association between EDS-HT, dyspepsia, pain and autonomic symptoms in patients is also present in non-patient groups. Future studies are necessary to explore the etiological role of connective tissue in GI and extra intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fikree
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Bizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R Aktar
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Bizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J K Morris
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R Grahame
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - C H Knowles
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Bizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Q Aziz
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Bizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Gazit Y, Jacob G, Grahame R. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome-Hypermobility Type: A Much Neglected Multisystemic Disorder. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2016; 7:RMMJ.10261. [PMID: 27824552 PMCID: PMC5101008 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)-hypermobility type (HT) is considered to be the most common subtype of EDS and the least severe one; EDS-HT is considered to be identical to the joint hypermobility syndrome and manifests with musculoskeletal complaints, joint instability, and soft tissue overuse injury. Musculoskeletal complaints manifest with joint pain of non-inflammatory origin and/or spinal pain. Joint instability leads to dislocation or subluxation and involves peripheral joints as well as central joints, including the temporomandibular joints, sacroiliac joints, and hip joints. Soft tissue overuse injury may lead to tendonitis and bursitis without joint inflammation in most cases. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-HT carries a high potential for disability due to recurrent dislocations and subluxations and chronic pain. Throughout the years, extra-articular manifestations have been described, including cardiovascular, autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal, hematologic, ocular, gynecologic, neurologic, and psychiatric manifestations, emphasizing the multisystemic nature of EDS-HT. Unfortunately, EDS-HT is under-recognized and inadequately managed, leading to neglect of these patients, which may lead to severe disability that almost certainly could have been avoided. In this review article we will describe the known manifestations of the extra-articular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gazit
- Internal Medicine F and the Institute of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Giris Jacob
- Internal Medicine F and the Institute of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- J. Recanati Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rodney Grahame
- Hypermobility Unit, London and Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Laszkowska M, Roy A, Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Sundelin HEK, Ludvigsson JF. Nationwide population-based cohort study of celiac disease and risk of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and joint hypermobility syndrome. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:1030-4. [PMID: 27321543 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with celiac disease (CD) often have articular complaints, and small prior studies suggest an association with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)/joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS). AIMS This study examines the risks of EDS/JHS in patients with CD. METHODS This cohort study compared all individuals in Sweden diagnosed with CD based on small intestinal biopsy between 1969-2008 (n=28,631) to 139,832 matched reference individuals, and to a second reference group undergoing biopsy without having CD (n=16,104). Rates of EDS/JHS were determined based on diagnostic codes in the Swedish Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) for EDS/JHS were estimated through Cox regression. RESULTS There are 45 and 148 cases of EDS/JHS in patients with CD and reference individuals, respectively. This corresponds to a 49% increased risk of EDS/JHS in CD (95%CI=1.07-2.07). The HR for EDS was 2.43 (95%CI=1.20-4.91) and for JHS 1.34 (95%CI=0.93-1.95). Compared to reference individuals undergoing intestinal biopsy, CD was not a risk factor for EDS/JHS. A stronger association was seen in patients initially diagnosed with EDS/JHS and subsequently diagnosed with CD (odds ratio=2.29; 95%CI=1.21-4.34). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CD have higher risk of EDS/JHS than the general population, which may be due to surveillance bias or factors intrinsic to celiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Laszkowska
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhik Roy
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter H R Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Castori M, Morlino S, Pascolini G, Blundo C, Grammatico P. Gastrointestinal and nutritional issues in joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 169C:54-75. [PMID: 25821092 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal involvement is a well known complication of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs), mainly in form of abdominal emergencies due to intestinal/abdominal vessels rupture in vascular EDS. In the last decade, a growing number of works investigated the relationship between a wide spectrum of chronic gastrointestinal complaints and various EDS forms, among which the hypermobility type (a.k.a. joint hypermobility syndrome; JHS/EDS-HT) was the most studied. The emerging findings depict a major role for gastrointestinal involvement in the health status and, consequently, management of JHS/EDS-HT patients. Nevertheless, fragmentation of knowledge limits its impact on practice within the boundaries of highly specialized clinics. In this paper, literature review on gastrointestinal manifestations in JHS/EDS-HT was carried out and identified papers categorized as (i) case-control/cohort studies associating (apparently non-syndromic) joint hypermobility and gastrointestinal involvement, (ii) case-control/cohort studies associating JHS/EDS-HT and gastrointestinal involvement, (iii) case reports/series on various gastrointestinal complications in (presumed) JHS/EDS-HT, and (iv) studies reporting gastrointestinal features in heterogeneous EDS patients' cohorts. Gastrointestinal manifestations of JHS/EDS-HT were organized and discussed in two categories, including structural anomalies (i.e., abdominal/diaphragmatic hernias, internal organ/pelvic prolapses, intestinal intussusceptions) and functional features (i.e., dysphagia, gastro-esophageal reflux, dyspepsia, recurrent abdominal pain, constipation/diarrhea), with emphasis on practice and future implications. In the second part of this paper, a summary of possible nutritional interventions in JHS/EDS-HT was presented. Supplementation strategies were borrowed from data available for general population with minor modifications in the light of recent discoveries in the pathogenesis of selected JHS/EDS-HT features.
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Histological and mechanical differences in the skin of patients with rectal prolapse. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:1117-22. [PMID: 25922144 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is still an enigma that some patients develop rectal prolapse whilst others with similar risk factors do not. Biomechanical assessment of the skin may provide further insight into the aetiology of this complex condition. Elastin fibres are an abundant and integral part of many extracellular matrices and are especially critical for providing the property of elastic recoil to tissues. The significance of elastin fibres is clearly reflected by the numerous human conditions in which a skin phenotype occurs as a result of elastin fibre abnormalities. METHOD Between January and June 2013, skin specimens were obtained prospectively during surgery on 20 patients with rectal prolapse and 21 patients without prolapse undergoing surgery for other indications. Expression levels of elastin in the skin were measured by Orcein staining, and Image J. Tensile tests were performed using the Zwick Roell device, with custom ceramic clamps. For statistical analysis, Student's t test was used. RESULTS Histological analysis of prolapse vs control showed percentage dermal elastin fibres of 9 vs 5.8 % (p = 0.001) in males and 6.5 vs 5.3 % (p = 0.05) in females. Patients with more severe prolapse (external) had a significantly (p = 0.05) higher percentage dermal elastin fibres 6.9 vs 6.1 % than internal prolapse. Young's modulus of patients with prolapse was lower in males (3.3 vs 2.8, p = 0.05) and females (3.1 vs 2.7, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with prolapse have a higher concentration of elastin fibres in the skin, and these differences are quantitatively demonstrated through mechanical testing. This suggests that the aetiology may be a result of a dysfunction of elastin fibre assembly.
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Eccles JA, Owens AP, Mathias CJ, Umeda S, Critchley HD. Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:4. [PMID: 25713509 PMCID: PMC4322642 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explores the proposal that vulnerability to psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, originates in constitutional differences in the control of bodily state, exemplified by a set of conditions that include Joint Hypermobility, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. Research is revealing how brain-body mechanisms underlie individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity that can be important for predicting, stratifying and treating individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions. One common constitutional difference is Joint Hypermobility, in which there is an increased range of joint movement as a result of a variant of collagen. Joint hypermobility is over-represented in people with anxiety, mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also linked to stress-sensitive medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Structural differences in “emotional” brain regions are reported in hypermobile individuals, and many people with joint hypermobility manifest autonomic abnormalities, typically Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Enhanced heart rate reactivity during postural change and as recently recognized factors causing vasodilatation (as noted post-prandially, post-exertion and with heat) is characteristic of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, and there is a phenomenological overlap with anxiety disorders, which may be partially accounted for by exaggerated neural reactivity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. People who experience Vasovagal Syncope, a heritable tendency to fainting induced by emotional challenges (and needle/blood phobia), are also more vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging implicates brainstem differences in vulnerability to faints, yet the structural integrity of the caudate nucleus appears important for the control of fainting frequency in relation to parasympathetic tone and anxiety. Together there is clinical and neuroanatomical evidence to show that common constitutional differences affecting autonomic responsivity are linked to psychiatric symptoms, notably anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Eccles
- Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton, UK ; Sussex Partnership National Health Service Foundation Trust Brighton, UK
| | - Andrew P Owens
- National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL National Health Service Trust London, UK ; Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK
| | - Christopher J Mathias
- National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL National Health Service Trust London, UK ; Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL National Health Service Trust London, UK ; Department of Psychology, Keio University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton, UK ; Sussex Partnership National Health Service Foundation Trust Brighton, UK ; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex Falmer, UK
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15
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Smith MD, Hussain M, Seth JH, Kazkaz H, Panicker JN. Stress urinary incontinence as the presenting complaint of benign joint hypermobility syndrome. JRSM SHORT REPORTS 2013; 3:66. [PMID: 23323206 PMCID: PMC3545343 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2012.012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Smith
- UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG , UK
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16
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Castori M. Ehlers-danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: an underdiagnosed hereditary connective tissue disorder with mucocutaneous, articular, and systemic manifestations. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2012; 2012:751768. [PMID: 23227356 PMCID: PMC3512326 DOI: 10.5402/2012/751768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type, constituting a phenotypic continuum with or, perhaps, corresponding to the joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS/EDS-HT), is likely the most common, though the least recognized, heritable connective tissue disorder. Known for decades as a hereditary condition with predominant rheumatologic manifestations, it is now emerging as a multisystemic disorder with widespread manifestations. Nevertheless, the practitioners' awareness of this condition is generally poor and most patients await years or, perhaps, decades before reaching the correct diagnosis. Among the various sites of disease manifestations, skin and mucosae represent a neglected organ where the dermatologist can easily spot diagnostic clues, which consistently integrate joint hypermobility and other orthopedic/neurologic manifestations at physical examination. In this paper, actual knowledge on JHS/EDS-HT is summarized in various sections. Particular attention has been posed on overlooked manifestations, including cutaneous, mucosal, and oropharyngeal features, and early diagnosis techniques, as a major point of interest for the practicing dermatologist. Actual research progresses on JH/EDS-HT envisage an unexpected link between heritable dysfunctions of the connective tissue and a wide range of functional somatic syndromes, most of them commonly diagnosed in the office of various specialists, comprising dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, 87, 00152 Rome, Italy
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17
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Danese C, Castori M, Celletti C, Amato S, Lo Russo C, Grammatico P, Camerota F. Screening for celiac disease in the joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2314-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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