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Louvanto K, Verhoef L, Pimenoff V, Eriksson T, Leppälä S, Lagheden C, Gray P, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Sumiec E, Nieminen P, Dillner J, Berkhof J, Meijer CJLM, Lehtinen M, Nedjai B, Heideman DAM. Low methylation marker levels among human papillomavirus-vaccinated women with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38801336 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer screening programs, including triage tests, need redesigning as human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccinated women are entering the programs. Methylation markers offer a potential solution to reduce false-positive rates by identifying clinically relevant cervical lesions with progressive potential. In a nested case-control study, 9242 women who received the three-dose HPV16/18-vaccine at ages 12-15 or 18 in a community-randomized trial were included. Subsequently, they were re-randomized for either frequent or infrequent cervical cancer screening trials. Over a 15-year post-vaccination follow-up until 2022, 17 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 15 low-grade (LSIL) cases were identified at the 25-year screening round, alongside 371 age and community-matched HPV16/18-vaccinated controls. Methylation analyses were performed on cervical samples collected at age 25, preceding histologically confirmed LSIL or HSIL diagnoses. DNA methylation of viral (HPV16/18/31/33) and host-cell genes (EPB41L3, FAM19A4, and miR124-2) was measured, along with HPV-genotyping. No HPV16/18 HSIL cases were observed. The predominant HPV-genotypes were HPV52 (29.4%), HPV59/HPV51/HPV58 (each 23.5%), and HPV33 (17.7%). Methylation levels were generally low, with no significant differences in mean methylation levels of viral or host-cell genes between the LSIL/HSIL and controls. However, a significant difference in methylation levels was found between HSIL cases and controls when considering a combination of viral genes and EPB41L3 (p value = .0001). HPV-vaccinated women with HSIL had HPV infections with uncommon HPV types that very rarely cause cancer and displayed low methylation levels. Further investigation is warranted to understand the likely regressive nature of HSIL among HPV-vaccinated women and its implications for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Louvanto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lisanne Verhoef
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ville Pimenoff
- Unit of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Siiri Leppälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Camilla Lagheden
- Unit of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penelope Gray
- Unit of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorota Scibior-Bentkowska
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Detection (SPED), Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sumiec
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Detection (SPED), Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pekka Nieminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Unit of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Unit of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belinda Nedjai
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Detection (SPED), Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniëlle A M Heideman
- Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu S, Zhang W, Wang W, Zheng J. Topical delivery of drugs in the treatment of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: A meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 296:131-139. [PMID: 38432019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and effect of localized delivery of drugs in the treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) based on a meta-analysis. STUDY DESIGN Databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched from their inception till August 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of drugs and surgery in the treatment of HSIL were collected. A meta-analysis was performed using the software of Review Manager (version 5.4.1). RESULTS Eight RCTs involving 523 patients were included in the meta-analysis. For HSIL, the rate of cervical lesions histological regression was 69.85 % in the surgery group and 59.88 % in the drug group, there was no significant difference between the two groups [OR = 0.45, 95 % CI (0.07, 3.03), P = 0.41]. The histological regression rate of cervical lesions in the placebo group was 37.76 %, and the difference between the drug group and the placebo group was statistically significant [OR = 4.94, 95 % CI (2.65, 9.20), P < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION A total of four drugs were involved in the eight RCTS included in this study, which were imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cidofovir and interferon. The results showed that although drug administration was effective in the histological regression of HSIL, the efficacy was less than about 10% of surgical treatment. Considering the recurrence of the disease after surgery and the problems of abortion, premature delivery and premature rupture of membranes after cervical conization in reproductive women, drug therapy can be used as a supplement to surgery or conservative treatment to promote the histological regression of cervical lesions in patients with HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Chenggong Hospital (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army) Affiliated to Xiamen University, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- Chenggong Hospital (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army) Affiliated to Xiamen University, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Chenggong Hospital (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army) Affiliated to Xiamen University, China
| | - Jianlan Zheng
- Chenggong Hospital (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army) Affiliated to Xiamen University, China.
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Baena A, Paolino M, Villarreal-Garza C, Torres G, Delgado L, Ruiz R, Canelo-Aybar C, Song Y, Feliu A, Maza M, Jeronimo J, Espina C, Almonte M. Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st Edition: Medical interventions including hormone replacement therapy and cancer screening. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 86 Suppl 1:102446. [PMID: 37852728 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Prostate, breast, colorectal, cervical, and lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) accounting for nearly 50% of cancer cases and cancer deaths in the region. Following the IARC Code Against Cancer methodology, a group of Latin American experts evaluated the evidence on several medical interventions to reduce cancer incidence and mortality considering the cancer burden in the region. A recommendation to limit the use of HRT was issued based on the risk associated to develop breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer and on growing concerns related to the over-the-counter and without prescription sales, which in turn bias estimations on current use in LAC. In alignment with WHO breast and cervical cancer initiatives, biennial screening by clinical breast examination (performed by trained health professionals) from the age of 40 years and biennial screening by mammography from the age of 50 years to 74, as well as cervical screening by HPV testing (either self-sampling or provider-sampling) every 5-10 years for women aged 30-64 years, were recommended. The steadily increasing rates of colorectal cancer in LAC also led to recommend colorectal screening by occult blood testing every two years or by endoscopic examination of the colorectum every 10 years for both men and women aged 50-74 years. After evaluating the evidence, the experts decided not to issue recommendations for prostate and lung cancer screening; while there was insufficient evidence on prostate cancer mortality reduction by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, there was evidence of mortality reduction by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) targeting high-risk individuals (mainly heavy and/or long-term smokers) but not individuals with average risk to whom recommendations of this Code are directed. Finally, the group of experts adapted the gathered evidence to develop a competency-based online microlearning program for building cancer prevention capacity of primary care health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Melisa Paolino
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Centro de Cáncer de Mama, Hospital Zambrano Hellion - TecSalud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lucia Delgado
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rossana Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Feliu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 CEDEX 07 Lyon, France
| | - Mauricio Maza
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Unit of Noncommunicable Diseases, Violence, and Injury Prevention, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jose Jeronimo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 CEDEX 07 Lyon, France
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Bartin R, Delangle R, Mergui JL, Azaïs H, Bolze PA, Philip CA, Kerbage Y, Raimond E, Lecointre L, Carcopino X, Castela M, Uzan C, Canlorbe G. Impact of cervical excisional dimensions on endocervical margins status in adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix: A multicenter study from the FRANCOGYN group. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023; 52:102622. [PMID: 37321399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excisional procedures have a central role in the management of adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the excisional specimen dimensions and the endocervical margin status. METHODS We conducted a multicentric retrospective study in seven French centers. All cases with proven AIS on a colposcopic biopsy and undergoing an excisional procedure afterwards were included in the analysis. We evaluated the impact of excision length, along with the lateral and anteroposterior diameters on the endocervical margin status. An additional subgroup analysis of the impact of maternal age on endocervical margin status was also conducted. RESULTS Of the 101 cases of AIS diagnosed on initial biopsy, 95 underwent a primary excisional procedure, among which 80% (n = 76/95) had uninvolved endocervical margins and 20% (n = 19/95) had positive endocervical margins. The excisional specimen length was not significantly related to the endocervical margin status. Conversely, both lateral and antero-posterior diameters were significantly correlated with the negative endocervical margins status: OR = 1,19, 95% CI [1.03, 1.40], p = 0.025, for the lateral diameter and OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.14, 1.64], p = 0.001 for the antero-posterior diameter. The median lateral diameter was 20 mm, IQR (18, 24) in case of endocervical negative margins vs. 18 mm IQR (15, 24) in case of positive endocervical margins (p = 0.039), and the median anteroposterior diameter was 17 mm IQR (15, 20) in case of negative endocervical margins vs 14 mm IQR (11, 15) in case of positive endocervical margins (p = 0.004), respectively. Additionally, in patients over 45 years old, endocervical margin were more likely to be positive despite similar excisional dimensions (7/17 (41%) of positive endocercival margins before 45 years old vs 12/78 (15%) after, p = 0.039) CONCLUSIONS: Endocervical margin statues were significantly related to the transverse diameters (lateral and anteroposterior diameters), but not to the excision specimen length. Reducing the excised length may lead to fewer post-procedure complications but would still allow to obtain a large proportion of negative endocervical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bartin
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Romain Delangle
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mergui
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Henri Azaïs
- Gynecologic and Breast Oncologic Surgery Department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Adrien Bolze
- Department of Gynecologic and Oncologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Charles-Andre Philip
- Department of Gynecologic and Oncologic Surgery and Obstetrics, CHU Lyon Croix-Rousse, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Yohan Kerbage
- CHU Lille, Service de chirurgie gynécologique F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Raimond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute Alix de Champagne University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Lise Lecointre
- Department of Surgical Gynecology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Carcopino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Nord, APHM, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR 7263, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Castela
- Scarcell Therapeutics, 101 rue de Sèvres, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Uzan
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; University Institute of Cancer, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Canlorbe
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; University Institute of Cancer, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France.
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang M, Qu D, Du C, Chen Y, Reng J, Chen L, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhou H. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Patients With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2/3: A Prospective One-Arm Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:375-379. [PMID: 36283939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain the safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (CIN 2/3) in patients with fertility requirements. This was a prospective one-arm study. Consecutive CIN 2/3 patients diagnosed with histopathology were screened, enrolled and treated from September 2019 to September 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. All patients were treated with a combination of HIFU and antiviral treatment with REBACIN. The scheduled follow-up visits were 1 week, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo and 12 mo after surgery. The primary outcomes included cure and human papillomavirus clearance rates. We screened 287 consecutive CIN 2/3 patients in our hospital, 29 of whom were enrolled and treated in this study. The cure rate reached 82.8% at 7 mo after treatment and 96.6% within 1 y. The HPV-negative rate reached 72.4% (21/29) around 6 mo after treatment, with mild side effects during and after the procedure. Our study suggests that in CIN 2/3 study participants with fertility requirements, HIFU + REBACIN therapy is a safe and effective therapeutic option with a high cure rate, HPV clearance and few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Non-invasive and Microinvasive Laboratory of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Non-invasive and Microinvasive Laboratory of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dacheng Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Non-invasive and Microinvasive Laboratory of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Chengchao Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Non-invasive and Microinvasive Laboratory of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Non-invasive and Microinvasive Laboratory of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Reng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shengfeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yamei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Honggui Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Non-invasive and Microinvasive Laboratory of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Gao Y, Wang H, Xiao Y. The effect of cold-knife conization on pregnancy outcomes in patients with cervical lesions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278505. [PMID: 36454992 PMCID: PMC9714936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the pregnancy outcomes of patients with cervical lesions treated by cold-knife conization (CKC). METHODS Clinical data of healthy pregnant women and pregnant women who underwent CKC in Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group from March 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into a CKC group and a control group according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical methods were used to compare pregnancy and delivery outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS There were 400 patients in CKC group and control group, with 200 patients in each. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, in-hospital perinatal management, and cervical cerclage between the CKC group and the control group (P>0.05). The rates of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section, and neonatal admission in the CKC group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the CKC group, the incidence of premature rupture of membranes within six months postoperatively was higher than that after six months (P<0.05). The incidences of preterm delivery and premature rupture of membranes were not completely consistent in different conization ranges (P<0.05). CONCLUSION CKC increases the incidence of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, and neonatal adverse outcomes. Conization height can predict the occurrence of preterm delivery. Delaying pregnancy after surgery can reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Sparić R, Bukumirić Z, Stefanović R, Tinelli A, Kostov S, Watrowski R. Long-term quality of life assessment after excisional treatment for cervical dysplasia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3061-3066. [PMID: 35695230 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2083486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated factors influencing long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after excisional treatments of low- and high grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions (SIL) in three groups of women (n = 160): nulliparas interested in reproduction (A), parous women interested in reproduction (B) and women without pregnancy desire (C). The HRQoL was assessed using the disease-specific FACIT-CD and the generic SF36v2 questionnaires. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by Beck's inventories. After median follow-up of 5 (2-18) years, FACIT-CD total score and the score for Emotional Well-Being (EWB) were significantly lower in group A. The total, EWB and REL (Relationships) scores of FACIT-CD were the highest in group B. Women operated for HSIL demonstrated lower REL quality in comparison to those with LSIL. Neither SF36v2 nor FACIT-CD total scores differed in relation to SIL grade or type of excision. 'SF36v2 Mental Component Summary Score' and 'being parous and interested in fertility' were independent predictors of disease-specific FACIT-CD score.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Long-term consequences of excisional treatments for cervical dysplasia on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are not well reported.What do the results of this study add? Our study provides data on HRQoL in women treated with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) or cold knife conization (CKC) obtained during the longest (median 5 years) follow-up as reported to date. We were able to show that having children and planning further pregnancies positively influenced HRQoL in these patients. In addition, we identified nulliparas with pregnancy desire as psychologically the most vulnerable group within the studied cohort.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Even several years after LLETZ or CKC, women may suffer from impaired Emotional Well-Being and reduced HRQoL. Awareness and assessment of these long-term consequences should be part of surveillance after excisional treatments for cervical dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radomir Stefanović
- Department of Histopathology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, "Ignazio Veris Delli Ponti" Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution, Scorrano, Italy
| | - Stoyan Kostov
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital "Saint Anna", Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Rafał Watrowski
- Scientific Associate of Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Tzur Y, Berkovitz-Shperling R, Laskov I, Grisaru D, Michaan N. Recurrent Dysplasia After a Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure: Local Versus General Anesthesia. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022; 26:315-318. [PMID: 35997172 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the rates of positive specimen margins and postconization recurrent dysplasia between loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs) performed under general anesthesia (GA) and LEEP under local anesthesia (LA). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive women who underwent LEEP between 2011 and 2019. Collected data included demographics, LEEP indication, cone dimensions, and margin involvement as well as recurrence rate. Women who had undergone previous conization, cold-knife conization, or those who were lost to follow-up during the first 2 years after the procedure were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 71 women who underwent LEEP under GA and 75 women under LA were included. Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups, as were the rates of preceding abnormal cytology and high-grade dysplasia before conization. Although cone depth and volume were higher for LEEP specimens done under GA compared with LA, the rate of positive specimen margins was comparable both for the endocervical margin (16/71 [22.5%] vs 16/75 [21.3%], respectively; p = .861) and the ectocervical margin (14/71 [19.7%] vs 11/75 [14.7%], respectively; p = .418). During the first 2 years after conization, the rates of high-grade dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ≥ 2) in repeat biopsy and the need for repeat conization were also not significantly different between the GA and LA groups (4.2% vs 1.3%, p = .356; 7.0% vs 9.3%, p = .614, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Anesthesia mode does not seem to affect the rate of positive LEEP margins and the need for repeat conization. Our study findings suggest that LA should be preferred instead of GA in LEEP.
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Peng Q, Li L, Zou M, Wang C, Wu X, Ma Q. Absence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in conization specimens from patients with colposcopic biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Retrospective study of 1695 cases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980884. [PMID: 36185239 PMCID: PMC9515539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the absence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in excised specimens, and sample sizes of these studies were limited. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics of 1695 patients with CIN 2/3 to determine the incidence rate and relative factors of CIN 1 or less in conization specimens from patients with colposcopic biopsy-confirmed CIN 2/3. The study group comprised 430 cases of CIN 1 or less in conization specimens, and the control group comprised 1142 cases with high-grade CIN lesions in conization specimens. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were established to evaluate relative factors. The 1–9 years follow-up data were analyzed to determine the persistence/recurrence rate. Multivariate logistic regression showed that patients aged 18–24 years (OR (95% CI) = 2.224 (1.014, 4.877)); with a negative hrHPV test result (OR (95% CI) = 3.210 (1.627, 6.331)); a cytology test result of normal (OR (95% CI) = 5.184 (3.138, 8.563)), ASC-US (OR (95% CI) = 3.420 (2.102, 5.564)), LSIL (OR (95% CI) = 2.588 (1.475, 4.541)), or ASC-H (OR (95% CI) = 2.434 (1.306, 4.539)); an indication of CIN 2 on biopsy (OR (95% CI) = 2.290 (1.694, 3.096)), and no glandular involvement (OR (95% CI) = 1.616 (1.205, 2.169)) were more likely to have an absence of high-grade dysplasia in conization specimens. There was no difference in the persistence/recurrence rate between the two groups (x2 = 1.55, P = 0.46). An age of 18–24 years, a negative hrHPV test result, a non-HSIL cytology test result, an indication of CIN 2 on biopsy, and no glandular involvement were relative factors for an absence of high-grade dysplasia in conization specimens. For patients with relative factors, especially young women, informed follow-up should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuzi Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Zou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Quanfu Ma, ; Xufeng Wu,
| | - Quanfu Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Gynecologic Malignancy, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Quanfu Ma, ; Xufeng Wu,
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Buono-Michel C, Mancini J, Planta M, Agostini A, Carcopino X. [Outcome of women younger than 30 years of age followed for untreated high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2022; 50:610-614. [PMID: 35513265 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the probability of spontaneous regression of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HGCIN) in women under 30 and the predictive factors for such evolution. METHODS We conducted a bicentric retrospective study. A total of 98 patients under 30 and with untreated HGCIN were included from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2019. For each patient, the initial clinical and colposcopic characteristics were systematically documented. In compliance with French guidelines, these patients were offered repeated 6-months colposcopic follow-up for 2years. The endpoint was the occurrence of spontaneous regression of the HGCIN defined by normalization of colposcopy, and/or a negative biopsy and/or a negative HPV test or histological regression to low grade CIN, or a colposcopy showing simple minor abnormalities requiring no biopsy. RESULTS Spontaneous HGCIN regression was observed in 37/98 patients. The median follow-up was of 16 (10.5-24.3) months. Predictive factors for spontaneous regression were: minor initial cytological abnormalities (HR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.02-11.05) and grade 1 atypical transformation at initial colposcopy (TAG1) (HR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.7). CONCLUSION Before 30, the probability of spontaneous regression of HGCIN exists but remains low. Predictive factors for such evolution are minor initial cytological abnormalities and TAG1 colposcopic impression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buono-Michel
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - J Mancini
- Aix-Marseille université, INSERM, IRD, AP-HM, UMR1252, SESSTIM, department of public health (BIOSTIC), hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France; Département de santé publique, hôpital de la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13395 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - M Planta
- Aix-Marseille université, INSERM, IRD, AP-HM, UMR1252, SESSTIM, department of public health (BIOSTIC), hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France; Département de santé publique, hôpital de la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13395 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - A Agostini
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - X Carcopino
- Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, hôpital Nord, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille university (AMU), université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR 7263, 13397 Marseille, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France.
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Qin L, Shen Y, Wang B, Zhang L, Cao L, Zhou Y, Su Y, Wang L, Zhang M. The effect of high-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA on the efficacy of topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102974. [PMID: 35724936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E6 and E7 high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) oncoproteins are closely associated with the initiation and progression of cervical cancer (CC) and pre-cancerous lesions. Cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), as pre-cancerous lesions, have a 5% chance of progressing to invasive cancer. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a novel non-invasive targeted therapy for intraepithelial lesions. Herein, we analyzed the effect of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA on ALA-PDT for cervical HSIL. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 148 HR-HPV-positive patients diagnosed with cervical HSIL and receiving ALA-PDT was carried out. ALA-PDT was performed with 20% ALA thermosensitive gel, and irradiation at wavelength of 635 nm and density of 80-100 J/cm2 for 20-30 min. The therapeutic instruments of LED and semiconductor laser were applied for cervical lesions and lesions in endocervical canal, respectively. All patients were tested for HPV E6/E7 mRNA before and after PDT, and then followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and every six months thereafter. RESULTS At the 6-month follow up, the complete remission (CR) rate of patients' lesions was 86.5% (128/148), whereas the total HPV clearance rate was 72.3% (107/148). It was evident that positive E6/E7 mRNA before treatment had a significant effect on HPV clearance rate (66.3% VS 81.4%, P=0.045) and CR rate (80.9% VS 94.9%, P=0.015). The E6/E7 mRNA associated with HPV16/18 and HPV16/18 combined with other HR-HPV (HPV16/18 and other HR-HPV) affected HPV clearance (P=0.035) and lesions CR (P=0.039), respectively. Moreover, persistently positive E6/E7 mRNA after treatment was closely associated with poor efficacy (HPV clearance rate: P=0.000, CR rate: P=0.000). Throughout the follow up period, two cases recurred but none of the patients progressed. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that ALA-PDT is an effective, safe, and alternative treatment for cervical HSIL, especially for the patients of childbearing age. However, its efficacy is relatively poor in patients with persistently positive E6/E7 mRNA before and after treatment, who are insensitive to ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingcui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihong Qin
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luoman Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuehui Su
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tang Y, Su Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Qin L, Zhang L, Cao L, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Zhang M. Therapeutic effects of topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid on cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Prediction and Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 234. Obstet Gynecol 2021; 138:e65-e90. [PMID: 34293771 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is among the most complex and important challenges in obstetrics. Despite decades of research and clinical advancement, approximately 1 in 10 newborns in the United States is born prematurely. These newborns account for approximately three-quarters of perinatal mortality and more than one half of long-term neonatal morbidity, at significant social and economic cost (1-3). Because preterm birth is the common endpoint for multiple pathophysiologic processes, detailed classification schemes for preterm birth phenotype and etiology have been proposed (4, 5). In general, approximately one half of preterm births follow spontaneous preterm labor, about a quarter follow preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), and the remaining quarter of preterm births are intentional, medically indicated by maternal or fetal complications. There are pronounced racial disparities in the preterm birth rate in the United States. The purpose of this document is to describe the risk factors, screening methods, and treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth, and to review the evidence supporting their roles in clinical practice. This Practice Bulletin has been updated to include information on increasing rates of preterm birth in the United States, disparities in preterm birth rates, and approaches to screening and prevention strategies for patients at risk for spontaneous preterm birth.
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Monti M, D'Aniello D, Scopelliti A, Tibaldi V, Santangelo G, Colagiovanni V, Giannini A, DI Donato V, Palaia I, Perniola G, Giancotti A, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. Relationship between cervical excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and obstetrical outcome. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021; 73:233-246. [PMID: 33140628 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.20.04678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of our systematic review was the assessment of effects of excisional treatments for the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on preterm delivery (PD), lower birth weight (LBW), preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) and obstetrical outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A structured search was carried out in PubMed-Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases through November 30, 2019. The search included a combination of the following terms: "loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)," "large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ)," "cold-knife conization (CKC)," "laser cervical conization (CLC)," "preterm delivery" and "neonatal outcome." EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thirty-two of 561 publications considered were included: 28 retrospective series, 2 prospective studies and 2 multicenter trials. Globally in several studies there was a significant increase in PD, measured by the relative risk, in the women underwent a surgical procedure for the CIN. In their majority, the studies were retrospective and therefore a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review shows that the surgical treatment of the CIN was associated with an increased risk of PD, LBW and pPROM before 37 pregnancy weeks compared to untreated women, especially in a CKC and LLETZ procedure. Moreover, the increase of the of PD was associated with cone size, cervical length, repeated treatment and a short conization-to-pregnancy interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Monti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora D'Aniello
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Annalisa Scopelliti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tibaldi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Santangelo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Colagiovanni
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Violante DI Donato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perniola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Campaner AB, Fernandes GL. Cervical Cancer Screening of Adolescents and Young Women: Further Evidence Shows a Lack of Clinical Value. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:6-11. [PMID: 33130243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of cytological abnormalities among young people from a large population in the city of São Paulo (Brazil). DESIGN Retrospective, observational analysis of data from the institution's data processing center. SETTING A private laboratory in São Paulo (Brazil). PARTICIPANTS Comparison of 3 different groups (ie, adolescent women [aged ≤19 years], young adult women [aged between 20 and 24 years], and adult women [aged 25 years and older]). INTERVENTIONS Assessment of results from all cervical-vaginal smears collected for cytology between January 2010 and December 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparative analysis of cytological abnormalities in the 3 different groups. RESULTS A total of 1,026,671 satisfactory cytology tests were performed. The proportion of cytological abnormalities was found to decrease with age (P < .001) and was similar in the groups comprised of adolescents and young adults, with 3.405/ 20.921 (16.3%) and 13,635/ 78,277 (17.4%), respectively, and 74,320/ 927,473 (8.0%) in the group of adult patients (P < .001). Among the positive cytologies in the group of adolescents, 3,331/ 3,405 (97.8%) represented low-grade lesions and 74/ 3,405 (2.2%) high-grade lesions, whereas among adults older than 25 years old, these figures were 69,092/ 74.320 (93%) and 5,228/ 74.320 (6.9%), respectively. No cases of cancer were found in the group of adolescents. CONCLUSION Cytological screening of young people is not recommended because of the low prevalence of high-grade cytological abnormalities in this population, with cancer being a rare event. This inadvertent screening could lead to unnecessary complementary exams and overtreatment, which could compromise the reproductive future of these young women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Leme Fernandes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lara‐Peñaranda R, Rodríguez‐López PM, Plitt‐Stevens J, Ortiz‐González A, Remezal‐Solano M, Martínez‐Cendán JP. Does the trend toward less deep excisions in LLETZ to minimize obstetric risk lead to less favorable oncological outcomes? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 148:316-324. [DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Lara‐Peñaranda
- Deptartment of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Murcia Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHospital Universitario Santa Lucía Cartagena Spain
| | | | - Javier Plitt‐Stevens
- Department of TourismUniversidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Murcia Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz‐González
- Department of Pathological AnatomyHospital Universitario Santa Lucía Cartagena Spain
| | - Manuel Remezal‐Solano
- Deptartment of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Murcia Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOncology Unit of the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Juan P. Martínez‐Cendán
- Deptartment of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Murcia Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHospital Universitario Santa Lucía Cartagena Spain
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Bovbjerg ML, Pillai S. Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, September 2019. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2019; 48:568-582. [PMID: 31442383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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18
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Shibata T, Lieblong BJ, Sasagawa T, Nakagawa M. The promise of combining cancer vaccine and checkpoint blockade for treating HPV-related cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 78:8-16. [PMID: 31302573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated intraepithelial neoplasia or cancers are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy since HPV oncoproteins, such as E6 and E7 proteins of high-risk HPVs, could be utilized as foreign antigens. In HPV-associated cancers as well as nonviral cancers, the cancer cells may evade host immunity through the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, downregulation of human leukocyte antigen, and activation of immune regulatory cells. Because of these immune suppressive mechanisms, HPV therapeutic vaccines have shown little efficacy against HPV-associated cancers, although they have shown efficacy in treating HPV-associated intraepithelial neoplasias. Recently, checkpoint blockade emerged as a promising new treatment for solid cancers; however, these therapies have shown only modest efficacy against HPV-associated cancers. Here we reviewed literature analyzing a combinatory therapy using an immune checkpoint inhibitor and an HPV therapeutic vaccine for treating HPV-associated cancers to compensate for shortfalls of each monotherapy. Complimentary modes of T cell activation would be deployed; as vaccines would directly stimulate the T cells, while checkpoint inhibitors would do so by releasing inhibition. Some promising studies using animal models and early human clinical trials raised a possibility that such combinations may be efficacious in regressing HPV-associated cancers. Epitope spreading (the phenomenon in which non-targeted antigens become new targets of immune response) may play a critical role mechanistically. Currently ongoing studies will shed light as to whether such combination therapy would indeed be a promising new treatment paradigm. Current and future studies must also determine the adverse effect profile of such a combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Shibata
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Benjamin J Lieblong
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Toshiyuki Sasagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Carlson NS. Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, November 2018. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2018; 47:820-829. [PMID: 30312573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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