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Fabunmi OA, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB. High-fat diet promotes coagulation and endothelial activation in Sprague Dawley rats: Short-term effects of combined oral contraceptives. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024; 36:60-70. [PMID: 37949735 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), use in individuals are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. This highlights the significance of assessing the impact of COC on promoting coagulation and endothelial activation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Twenty (20) five-weeks-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 150 and 200g were subjected to both LFD and HFD-feeding for 8-weeks to determine its influence on basic metabolic status, hemostatic profile, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), as well as selected biomarkers of coagulation (tissue factor and D-dimer) and endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide). Thereafter HFD-fed animals were treated with receive high dose combined oral contraceptive (HCOC) and low dose combine oral contraceptive (LCOC) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Our results showed that beyond weight gain, HFD-feeding was associated with hyperglycemia, increased mean arterial pressure, and reduced nitric oxide levels when compared with LFD group (p<0.05). Interestingly, treatment with high dose of COC for 6-weeks did not significantly alter atherothrombotic markers (p>0.05). However, this study is not without limitation as regulation of these markers remains to be confirmed within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals. CONCLUSION HFD-feeding orchestrate the concomitant release of pro-coagulants and endothelial activation markers in rats leading to haemostatic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. Short-term treatment with COC shows no detrimental effects in these HFD-fed rats. Although in terms of clinical relevance, our findings depict the notion that the risk of CVD in association with COC may depend on the dosage and duration of use among other factors especially in certain conditions. However, additional studies are required to confirm these findings, especially long-term effects of this treatment within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals in certain conditions relating to postmenopausal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyesanmi A Fabunmi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 5363, Nigeria
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Adegoke TE, Sabinari IW, Usman TO, Abdulkareem TO, Michael OS, Adeyanju OA, Dibia C, Omotoye OO, Oyabambi AO, Olatunji LA. Allopurinol and valproic acid improve cardiac triglyceride and Na +-K +-ATPase activity independent of circulating aldosterone in female rats with glucose intolerance. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1283-1289. [PMID: 32447998 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Context: Studies have shown that cardiac triglyceride accumulation and impaired Na+-K+-ATPase activity are linked to diabetes- related cardiovascular disease, particularly in women.Objectives: We hypothesised that allopurinol (ALL) and valproic acid (VPA) treatment would improve cardiac triglyceride and Na+-K+-ATPase activity independent of circulating aldosterone in Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC)-induced dysglycemiaMaterials and methods: Rats received COC (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; po) with or without ALL (1 mg; po) and VPA (20 mg; po) for 6 weeks.Results: COC-treatment led to impaired glucose tolerance, accumulated abdominal fat, dyslipidemia, elevated plasma MDA, PAI-1 and aldosterone levels and also reduced plasma nitric oxide bioavailability and cardiac Na+-K+-ATPase activity. However, either ALL or VPA treatment ameliorated these alterations comparably independent of elevated aldosterone levelDiscussion and conclusion: Our results suggest that either ALL or VPA would improve cardiac TG and Na+-K+-ATPase activity comparably in COC-treated rats, regardless of circulating aldosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope E Adegoke
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Isiah W Sabinari
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O Usman
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Cardiometabolic Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Toyyib O Abdulkareem
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga S Michael
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Cardiometabolic Research Unit, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun A Adeyanju
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Cardiometabolic Research Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Chinaza Dibia
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Omotola O Omotoye
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi O Oyabambi
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- Department of Physiology, HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Akhigbe RE, Oladipo AA, Oyedokun PA, Hamed MA, Okeleji LO, Ajayi AF. Upregulation of Uric Acid Production and Caspase 3 Signalling Mediates Rohypnol-Induced Cardiorenal Damage. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:419-435. [PMID: 35103933 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of illicit drug use is on the increase with attendant complications like cardiorenal collapse. One such substance of abuse is rohypnol. Despite its ban in most countries, it remains a popular substance of abuse. Whether or not rohypnol induces cardiorenal injury and the associated mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of rohypnol on cardiorenal integrity and functions, and glucolipid metabolism. Forty-eight male Wistar rats randomized into six groups (n = 8/group) received (per os) vehicle, low-dose (2 mg/kg) and high-dose (4 mg/kg) rohypnol once daily for twenty eight days, with or without a cessation period. Data revealed that rohypnol exposure irreversibly caused insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and dyslipidaemia. This was accompanied by reduced cardiorenal mass and impaired cardiorenal cytoarchitecture and function. Furthermore, rohypnol treatment promoted oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and decreased cardiorenal activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase. These alterations were associated with enhanced uric acid generation and caspase 3 activity in the cardiorenal complex. Thus, this study reveals that rohypnol exposure triggers cardiorenal toxicity with incident insulin resistance, glucolipid and cardiorenal proton pump dysregulation, altered redox state, and inflammation via enhancement of uric acid generation and caspase 3-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun, Nigeria
| | - A A Oladipo
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - P A Oyedokun
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.,Buntai Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - L O Okeleji
- Cardio-Thoracic Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Sodium acetate prevents nicotine-induced cardiorenal dysmetabolism through uric acid/creatine kinase-dependent pathway. Life Sci 2020; 257:118127. [PMID: 32707052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking or nicotine replacement therapy has been associated with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD). Hyperuricemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CMD and cardiorenal dysfunction. Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to have beneficial glucoregulatory and cardiorenal protective effects. This study aimed at investigating the effect of acetate, a gut-derived SCFA, on nicotine-induced CMD and associated cardiorenal dysmetabolism. MATERIALS AND METHOD Twenty-four male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were grouped as: vehicle (p.o.), nicotine-exposed (1.0 mg/kg; p.o.), and sodium acetate-treated (200 mg/kg; p.o.) with or without nicotine exposure daily for 6 weeks. Glucose regulation was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Cardiac and renal triacylglycerol (TG), lactate, nitric oxide (NO), uric acid (UA) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were measured. RESULTS The CMD were confirmed in the nicotine-exposed rats that exhibited lower body weight, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, glucose intolerance, increased cardiac and renal TG, TG/HDL-cholesterol, UA, lactate, lipid peroxidation, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, LDH, CK, ADA and XO activities. Concurrent treatment with acetate prevented nicotine-induced glucometabolic and cardiorenal alterations. CONCLUSION In summary, these results implied that nicotine exposure caused glucometabolic dysregulation and surplus lipid deposit in the heart and kidney through increased UA production and CK activity. Therefore, oral acetate administration prevents cardiorenal lipotoxicity and glucometabolic dysregulation via suppression of UA production and CK activity in nicotine-exposed rats.
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Michael OS, Dibia CL, Adeyanju OA, Olaniyi KS, Areola ED, Olatunji LA. Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive and nicotine exposure synergistically confers cardio-renoprotection in female Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110387. [PMID: 32540646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately fifty percent of premenopausal women who smoke cigarettes or on nicotine replacement therapy are also on hormonal contraceptives, especially oral estrogen-progestin. Oral estrogen-progestin therapy has been reported to promote insulin resistance (IR) which causes lipid influx into non-adipose tissue and impairs Na+/K+ -ATPase activity, especially in the heart and kidney. However, the effects of nicotine on excess lipid and altered Na+/K+ -ATPase activity associated with the use of estrogen-progestin therapy have not been fully elucidated. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of nicotine on cardiac and renal lipid influx and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity during estrogen-progestin therapy. Twenty-four female Wistar rats grouped into 4 (n = 6/group) received (p.o.) vehicle, nicotine (1.0 mg/kg) with or without estrogen-progestin steroids (1.0 μg ethinyl estradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel) and estrogen-progestin only daily for 6 weeks. Data showed that estrogen-progestin treatment or nicotine exposure caused IR, hyperinsulinemia, increased cardiac and renal uric acid, malondialdehyde, triglyceride, glycogen synthase kinase-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, reduced bilirubin and circulating estradiol. Estrogen-progestin treatment led to decreased cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase activity while nicotine did not alter Na+/K+-ATPase activity but increased plasma and tissue cotinine. Renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity was not altered by the treatments. However, all these alterations were reversed following combined administration of oral estrogen-progestin therapy and nicotine. The present study therefore demonstrates that oral estrogen-progestin therapy and nicotine exposure synergistically prevents IR-linked cardio-renotoxicity with corresponding improvement in cardiac and renal lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Michael
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - C L Dibia
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - O A Adeyanju
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - K S Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - E D Areola
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - L A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Dangana EO, Michael OS, Omolekulo TE, Areola ED, Olatunji LA. Enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis and suppressed adenosine deaminase activity by lithium attenuates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in nicotine-exposed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1417-1427. [PMID: 30551393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced liver glycogen synthesis might signify increased glucose flux towards fat synthesis and triggers hepatic triglyceride accumulation and dysmetabolism. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) reduces adenosine content which increases glycogenolysis. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of modulating glycogen synthesis and ADA by lithium chloride (LiCl) on nicotine-induced dysmetabolism. Twenty four male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were allotted into four groups namely; vehicle-treated (po), nicotine-treated (1.0 mg/kg; po), LiCl-treated (5.0 mg/kg; po) and nicotine + LiCl-treated groups. The treatments lasted for 8 weeks. Nicotine exposure resulted in reduced body weight gain, liver weight, visceral adiposity, glycogen content and synthase. Along with increased insulin resistance (IR), fasting plasma glucose, lactate, plasma and hepatic ADA, XO, UA, and triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid, lipid peroxidation and liver injury markers. However, plasma and hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent antioxidant defenses were not affected by nicotine exposure. Concurrent treatment with LiCl normalizes all alterations with exception of hepatic TC. This result shows that enhancement of hepatic glycogen synthesis and suppression of ADA/XO/uric acid pathway by lithium can salvage the liver from nicotine-induced TG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Dangana
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga S Michael
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope E Omolekulo
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel D Areola
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Omolekulo TE, Areola ED, Badmus OO, Michael OS, Kim I, Olatunji LA. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase by valproic acid abates hepatic triglyceride accumulation independent of corticosteroids in female rats treated with estrogen-progestin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1092-1103. [PMID: 30001502 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated circulating uric acid has been postulated to play an important pathophysiological role in estrogen-progestin combined oral contraceptive (COC)-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that disruption of glucoregulation and liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation induced by COC use would be abated by valproic acid (VPA) treatment through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. Female Wistar rats aged 9-10 weeks were treated with a combination of estrogen-progestin COC steroids (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; p.o.) with or without VPA (100.0 mg/kg; p.o.) daily for 6 weeks. The result shows that the disrupted glucoregulation and associated elevated hepatic ADA activity, plasma and hepatic XO activity, uric acid (UA), TG/HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde induced by COC treatment were attenuated by VPA treatment. However, VPA did not have any effect on plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, ADA, circulating and hepatic free fatty acid. Our results demonstrate that suppression of plasma and hepatic XO activities, along with hepatic ADA activity and UA by VPA treatment, protects against disrupted glucoregulation and increased liver TG by COC independent of elevated corticosteroids. The findings imply that VPA would provide protection against the development of cardiometabolic disorder via inhibition of the ADA/XO/UA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Eniola Omolekulo
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Damilare Areola
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olufunto Olayinka Badmus
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,b Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samuel Michael
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,c Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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