Determination of Cadmium(II) in Water and Soil Samples after Preconcentration with a New Solid Phase Extractor

On-line sorption-based systems for determination of cadmium with atomic spectrometry detectors

Determination of cadmium is often required in various environmental, biological and food samples as it is recognized worldwide as a toxic metal. However, these analysis with atomic spectrometry detectors are often difficult due to relatively low content of cadmium and complex matrices. Several preconcentration/separation procedures to determine cadmium have been devised, among them the methods based on sorbent extraction are the most popular. They can be easily implemented and controlled in flow injection (FI) or sequential injection (SI) systems to perform appropriate sample pretreatment. This work reviews the papers, published from 1990, concerning procedures based on sorption principles for on-line determination of cadmium. They were compared using experimental enhancement factor (EF) and concentration efficiency (CE) values.

Biosorption of copper(II), lead(II), iron(III) and cobalt(II) on Bacillus sphaericus-loaded Diaion SP-850 resin

The biosorption of copper(II), lead(II), iron(III) and cobalt(II) on Bacillus sphaericus-loaded Diaion SP-850 resin for preconcentration-separation of them have been investigated. The sorbed analytes on biosorbent were eluted by using 1 mol L(-1) HCl and analytes were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influences of analytical parameters including amounts of pH, B. sphaericus, sample volume etc. on the quantitative recoveries of analytes were investigated. The effects of alkaline, earth alkaline ions and some metal ions on the retentions of the analytes on the biosorbent were also examined. Separation and preconcentration of Cu, Pb, Fe and Co ions from real samples was achieved quantitatively. The detection limits by 3 sigma for analyte ions were in the range of 0.20-0.75 microg L(-1) for aqueous samples and in the range of 2.5-9.4 ng g(-1) for solid samples. The validation of the procedure was performed by the analysis of the certified standard reference materials (NRCC-SLRS 4 Riverine Water, SRM 2711 Montana soil and GBW 07605 Tea). The presented method was applied to the determination of analyte ions in green tea, black tea, cultivated mushroom, boiled wheat, rice and soil samples with successfully results.