Comparison of Fluorescence Labelling Techniques for the Selection of Affinity Ligands from Solid-Phase Combinatorial Libraries

Biomimetic Affinity Ligands for Protein Purification

The development of sophisticated molecular modeling software and new bioinformatic tools, as well as the emergence of data banks containing detailed information about a huge number of proteins, enabled the de novo intelligent design of synthetic affinity ligands. Such synthetic compounds can be tailored to mimic natural biological recognition motifs or to interact with key surface-exposed residues on target proteins, and are designated as "biomimetic ligands". A well-established methodology for generating biomimetic or synthetic affinity ligands integrates rational design with combinatorial solid-phase synthesis and screening, using the triazine scaffold and analogs of amino acid side chains to create molecular diversity.Triazine-based synthetic ligands are nontoxic, low-cost, and highly stable compounds that can replace advantageously natural biological ligands in the purification of proteins by affinity-based methodologies.

Dilemma on plasmid DNA purification: binding capacity vs selectivity

Plasmid DNA chromatography is a powerful field in constant development and evolution. The use of this technique is considered mandatory in the production of an efficient and safe formulation to be applied for plasmid-mediated gene therapy. Concerning this, the search for an ideal chromatographic support/ligand combination motivated scientist to pursue a continuous improvement on the plasmid chromatography performance, looking for a progression on the ligands and supports used. The present review explores the different approaches used over time to purify plasmid DNA, ambitioning both high recovery and high purity levels. Overall, it is presented a critical discussion relying on the relevance of the binding capacity versus selectivity of the supports.

Materials Functionalization with Multicomponent Reactions: State of the Art

The emergence of neoteric synthetic routes for materials functionalization is an interesting phenomenon in materials chemistry. In particular, the union of materials chemistry with multicomponent reactions (MCRs) opens a new avenue leading to the realm of highly innovative functionalized architectures with unique features. MCRs have recently been recognized as considerable part of the synthetic chemist's toolbox due to their great efficiency, inherent molecular diversity, atom and pot economy along with operational simplicity. Also, MCRs can improve E-factor and mass intensity as important green chemistry metrics. By rational tuning of the materials, as well as the MCRs, wide ranges of functionalized materials can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in the plethora of applications. To date, there has not reported any exclusive review of a materials functionalization with MCRs. This critical review highlights the state-of-the-art on the one-pot functionalization of carbonaceous and siliceous materials, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, synthetic polymers, etc., via diverse kind of MCRs like Ugi, Passerini, Petasis, Khabachnik-Fields, Biginelli, and MALI reactions through covalent or noncovalent manners. Besides the complementary discussion of synthetic routes, superior properties and detailed applicability of each functionalized material in modern technologies are discussed. Our outlook also emphasizes future strategies for this unprecedented area and their use as materials for industrial implementation. With no doubt, MCRs-functionalization of materials bridges the gap between materials science domain and applied chemistry.

Biomimetic affinity ligands for protein purification

The development of sophisticated molecular modeling software and new bioinformatic tools, as well as the emergence of data banks containing detailed information about a huge number of proteins, enabled the de novo intelligent design of synthetic affinity ligands. Such synthetic compounds can be tailored to mimic natural biological recognition motifs or to interact with key surface-exposed residues on target proteins and are designated as "biomimetic ligands." A well-established methodology for generating biomimetic or synthetic affinity ligands integrates rational design with combinatorial solid-phase synthesis and screening, using the triazine scaffold and analogues of amino acids side chains to create molecular diversity.Triazine-based synthetic ligands are nontoxic, low-cost, highly stable compounds that can replace advantageously natural biological ligands in the purification of proteins by affinity-based methodologies.