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Mao J, Hu G, Deng W, Zhao M, Li J. Industrial wastewater treatment using floating wetlands: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5043-5070. [PMID: 38150162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater generated from various production processes is often associated with elevated pollutant concentrations and environmental hazards, necessitating efficient treatment. Floating wetlands (FWs) have emerged as a promising and eco-friendly solution for industrial wastewater treatment, with numerous successful field applications. This article comprehensively reviews the removal mechanisms and treatment performance in the use of FWs for the treatment of diverse industrial wastewaters. Our findings highlight that the performance of FWs relies on proper plant selection, design, aeration, season and temperature, plants harvesting and disposal, and maintenance. Well-designed FWs demonstrate remarkable effectiveness in removing organic matter (COD and BOD), suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals from industrial wastewater. This effectiveness is attributed to the intricate physical and metabolic interactions between plants and microbial communities within FWs. A significant portion of the reported applications of FWs revolve around the treatment of textile and oily wastewater. In particular, the application reports of FWs are mainly concentrated in temperate developing countries, where FWs can serve as a feasible and cost-effective industrial wastewater treatment technology, replacing high-cost traditional technologies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the treatment efficiency of FWs can be significantly enhanced through strategies like bacterial inoculation, aeration, and co-plantation of specific plant species. These techniques offer promising directions for further research. To advance the field, we recommend future research efforts focus on developing novel floating materials, optimizing the selection and combination of plants and microorganisms, exploring flexible disposal methods for harvested biomass, and designing multi-functional FW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Mao
- School of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Guangji Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University (WZU), Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
- WZU-UNBC Joint Research Institute of Ecology and Environment, Wenzhou University (WZU), Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianbing Li
- School of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
- WZU-UNBC Joint Research Institute of Ecology and Environment, Wenzhou University (WZU), Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Yaashikaa PR, Karishma S, Jeevanantham S, Swetha S. Mixed biosorbent of agro waste and bacterial biomass for the separation of Pb(II) ions from water system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130236. [PMID: 33770696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of Pb(II) ions in aqueous systems by newly developed mixed biomass has been explored. Mixed biomass was prepared from agro-waste (raw Banyan tree bark, RBTB) and bacterial biomass (Pannonibacter phragmitetus). Chemical modification by sulphuric acid treatment of raw banyan tree bark (SMBTB) was accomplished for the effective separation of toxic Pb(II) ions from the aquatic system. FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis was utilized to deduce sorption characteristics of mixed biomass. Pb(II) ions maximal removal has occurred at pH-6.0, lead (II) ions concentration-25 mg/L, time and mixed biomass dosage (60 min and 3.5 g/L for RBTB - Pannonibacter phragmitetus; 30 min and 1.5 g/L for SMBTB - Pannonibacter phragmitetus) and temperature (30 °C). Data from equilibrium isotherm and kinetic analysis was best suited to the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order kinetics. The spontaneous and exothermic nature of Pb(II) ions removal was described by thermodynamic parameters. The mixed biomass proved to be an effective and potential mixed biosorbent for toxic lead removal from solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India, 603110.
| | - P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Swetha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India, 603110
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Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072179. [PMID: 32218253 PMCID: PMC7177270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities and use of Pb containing products such as agrochemicals, oil and paint, mining, etc. can lead to Pb contamination in the environment and thereby, can enter the food chain. Being one of the most toxic heavy metals, Pb ingestion via the food chain has proven to be a potential health hazard for plants and humans. The current review aims to summarize the research updates on Pb toxicity and its effects on plants, soil, and human health. Relevant literature from the past 20 years encompassing comprehensive details on Pb toxicity has been considered with key issues such as i) Pb bioavailability in soil, ii) Pb biomagnification, and iii) Pb- remediation, which has been addressed in detail through physical, chemical, and biological lenses. In the review, among different Pb-remediation approaches, we have highlighted certain advanced approaches such as microbial assisted phytoremediation which could possibly minimize the Pb load from the resources in a sustainable manner and would be a viable option to ensure a safe food production system.
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Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12051927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-metal (HM) pollution is considered a leading source of environmental contamination. Heavy-metal pollution in ground water poses a serious threat to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional treatment technologies to remove the pollutants from wastewater are usually costly, time-consuming, environmentally destructive, and mostly inefficient. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective green emerging technology with long-lasting applicability. The selection of plant species is the most significant aspect for successful phytoremediation. Aquatic plants hold steep efficiency for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Duck weed (Lemna minor) along with some other aquatic plants are prominent metal accumulator plants for the remediation of heavy-metal polluted water. The phytoremediation potential of the aquatic plant can be further enhanced by the application of innovative approaches in phytoremediation. A summarizing review regarding the use of aquatic plants in phytoremediation is gathered in order to present the broad applicability of phytoremediation.
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Filote C, Volf I, Santos SCR, Botelho CMS. Bioadsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by the biorefinery waste of Fucus spiralis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1201-1209. [PMID: 30340265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the context of developing the circular economy that enables a more sustainable use of the available resources and minimum waste generation, marine macroalgae have attracted the attention of researchers and industry due to its potential as a renewable resource. The current work aims to contribute to the design of a complete biorefinery processing, using Fucus spiralis seaweed (brown division) as starting material, and to determine the potential of the derived waste as biosorbent of heavy metals in aqueous solution. The macroalgae waste was obtained after the sequential separation of polyphenols, fucoidan and alginate extracts from F. spiralis. The capacity of F. spiralis waste for Pb(II) removal was successfully tested through biosorption tests. The uptake of Pb(II) was found to be very fast (few hours to achieve equilibrium). Tests performed with an initial metal concentration of 20 mg/L established the best adsorbent dosage (0.50 g/L) and an optimum pH of 4.5. In these conditions, lead was almost completely removed from the aqueous solution. Maximum adsorption capacity predicted by Langmuir model was 132 ± 14 mg/g (pH 4.5 ± 0.5, 20 °C). Desorption studies were conducted with different possible eluents. The best results were obtained with EDTA 0.1 mol/L, generating a 95 ± 4% desorption. F. spiralis biomass can therefore be submitted to a complete biorefinery processing and design in the attempt to fulfil the "zero-waste" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Filote
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", Boulevard Professor Dimitrie Mangeron 67, Iași 700050, Romania; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Volf
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", Boulevard Professor Dimitrie Mangeron 67, Iași 700050, Romania
| | - Sílvia C R Santos
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cidália M S Botelho
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Luo J, Cai L, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XS. Heavy metal remediation with Ficus microcarpa through transplantation and its environmental risks through field scale experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:244-250. [PMID: 29136571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytoremediation efficiency of various metals by Ficus microcarpa was evaluated through a real scale experiment in the present study. The root biomass production of the species varied significantly from 3.68 to 5.43 g because of the spatial heterogeneity of different metals. It would take 4-93 years to purify the excess Cd of the experimental site. Mercury was the most inflexible element which can barely be phytoremediated by F. microcarpa. After the species transplanted from the polluted soil to the clean site, Cd and Cu were transferred to the rhizosphere soil to different extent while the bulk soil was barely influenced. Relative to Cd and Cu, significantly fewer amounts of Pb and Hg were released. The highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in the clean soil were far below their corresponding safe thresholds for agricultural land after 3 months of the polluted plants were cultivated and metal concentrations of plant leaves were negligible, both indicated the low ecological risk of transplantation. Results from this study suggested a feasible disposal method for metal rich plants after phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, 111 University Road, Wuhan, China; China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Limei Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, 111 University Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaowen Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Victoria, Australia
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Rezania S, Taib SM, Md Din MF, Dahalan FA, Kamyab H. Comprehensive review on phytotechnology: Heavy metals removal by diverse aquatic plants species from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:587-599. [PMID: 27474848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution specifically water pollution is alarming both in the developed and developing countries. Heavy metal contamination of water resources is a critical issue which adversely affects humans, plants and animals. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective remediation technology which able to treat heavy metal polluted sites. This environmental friendly method has been successfully implemented in constructed wetland (CWs) which is able to restore the aquatic biosystem naturally. Nowadays, many aquatic plant species are being investigated to determine their potential and effectiveness for phytoremediation application, especially high growth rate plants i.e. macrophytes. Based on the findings, phytofiltration (rhizofiltration) is the sole method which defined as heavy metals removal from water by aquatic plants. Due to specific morphology and higher growth rate, free-floating plants were more efficient to uptake heavy metals in comparison with submerged and emergent plants. In this review, the potential of wide range of aquatic plant species with main focus on four well known species (hyper-accumulators): Pistia stratiotes, Eicchornia spp., Lemna spp. and Salvinia spp. was investigated. Moreover, we discussed about the history, methods and future prospects in phytoremediation of heavy metals by aquatic plants comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahabaldin Rezania
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Environmental Sustainability, Block C07, Level 2, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Shazwin Mat Taib
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Fadhil Md Din
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Environmental Sustainability, Block C07, Level 2, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- Water Research Group, The School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Environmental Sustainability, Block C07, Level 2, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia
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