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Jiang RY, Fang ZR, Zhang HP, Xu JY, Zhu JY, Chen KY, Wang W, Jiang X, Wang XJ. Ginsenosides: changing the basic hallmarks of cancer cells to achieve the purpose of treating breast cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:125. [PMID: 37749560 PMCID: PMC10518937 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021, breast cancer accounted for a substantial proportion of cancer cases and represented the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Although tumor cells originate from normal cells in the human body, they possess distinct biological characteristics resulting from changes in gene structure and function of cancer cells in contrast with normal cells. These distinguishing features, known as hallmarks of cancer cells, differ from those of normal cells. The hallmarks primarily include high metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and resistance to cell death. Current evidence suggests that the fundamental hallmarks of tumor cells affect the tissue structure, function, and metabolism of tumor cells and their internal and external environment. Therefore, these fundamental hallmarks of tumor cells enable tumor cells to proliferate, invade and avoid apoptosis. Modifying these hallmarks of tumor cells represents a new and potentially promising approach to tumor treatment. The key to breast cancer treatment lies in identifying the optimal therapeutic agent with minimal toxicity to normal cells, considering the specific types of tumor cells in patients. Some herbal medicines contain active ingredients which can precisely achieve this purpose. In this review, we introduce Ginsenoside's mechanism and research significance in achieving the therapeutic effect of breast cancer by changing the functional hallmarks of tumor cells, providing a new perspective for the potential application of Ginsenoside as a therapeutic drug for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yuan Jiang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, NO. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi-Ru Fang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, NO. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan-Ping Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Yao Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, NO. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke-Yu Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, NO. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 13, Wuhe Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
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Yue J, Li Z, Zuo Z, Wang Y. Evaluation of Ecological Suitability and Quality Suitability of Panax notoginseng Under Multi-Regionalization Modeling Theory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818376. [PMID: 35574115 PMCID: PMC9096839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is an important medicinal plant in China, but there are some limitations in the ecological suitability study, such as incomplete investigation of species distribution, single regionalization modeling, and lack of collaborative evaluation of ecological suitability, and quality suitability. In this study, the maximum entropy model was used to analyze the ecological suitability of P. notoginseng under current and future climates. The multi-source chemical information of samples was collected to evaluate the uniformity between quality and ecology. The results showed that the current suitable habitat was mainly in southwest China. In the future climate scenarios, the high suitable habitat will be severely degraded. Modeling based on different regionalization could predict larger suitable habitat areas. The samples in the high suitable habitat had both quality suitability and ecological suitability, and the accumulation of chemical components had different responses to different environmental factors. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy combined with deep learning could achieve rapid identification of samples from different suitable habitats. In conclusion, global warming is not conducive to the distribution and spread of P. notoginseng. The high suitable habitat was conducive to the cultivation of high-quality medicinal materials. Actual regionalization modeling had more guiding significance for the selection of suitable habitats in a small area. The multi-regionalization modeling theory proposed in this study could provide a new perspective for the ecological suitability study of similar medicinal plants. The results provided a reference for the introduction and cultivation, and lay the foundation for the scientific and standardized production of high-quality P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - ZhiTian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - YuanZhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Chopra P, Chhillar H, Kim YJ, Jo IH, Kim ST, Gupta R. Phytochemistry of ginsenosides: Recent advancements and emerging roles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:613-640. [PMID: 34278879 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, a group of tetracyclic saponins, accounts for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical relevance of the ginseng (Panax sp.) herb. Owing to the associated therapeutic potential of ginsenosides, their demand has been increased significantly in the last two decades. However, a slow growth cycle, low seed production, and long generation time of ginseng have created a gap between the demand and supply of ginsenosides. The biosynthesis of ginsenosides involves an intricate network of pathways with multiple oxidation and glycosylation reactions. However, the exact functions of some of the associated genes/proteins are still not completely deciphered. Moreover, ginsenoside estimation and extraction using analytical techniques are not feasible with high efficiency. The present review is a step forward in recapitulating the comprehensive aspects of ginsenosides including their distribution, structural diversity, biotransformation, and functional attributes in both plants and animals including humans. Moreover, ginsenoside biosynthesis in the potential plant sources and their metabolism in the human body along with major regulators and stimulators affecting ginsenoside biosynthesis have also been discussed. Furthermore, this review consolidates biotechnological interventions to enhance the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in their potential sources and advancements in the development of synthetic biosystems for efficient ginsenoside biosynthesis to meet their rising industrial demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ick Hyun Jo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Forestry, Environment, and Systems, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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You S, Shi X, Yu D, Zhao D, An Q, Wang D, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Fermentation of Panax notoginseng root extract polysaccharides attenuates oxidative stress and promotes type I procollagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33446178 PMCID: PMC7807718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. Polysaccharides in P. notoginseng has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of human diseases. However the application of fermentation technology in Panax notoginseng is not common, and the mechanism of action of P. notoginseng polysaccharides produced by fermentation is still unclear. The specific biological mechanisms of fermented P. notoginseng polysaccharides (FPNP) suppresses H2O2-induced apoptosis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and the underlying mechanism are not well understood. METHODS In this study, the effects of water extracted and fermentation on concentration of polysaccharides in P. notoginseng extracts were analyzed. After the H2O2-induced HDF model of oxidative damage was established, and then discussed by the expression of cell markers, including ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MMP-1, COL-I, ELN, which were detected by related ELISA kits. The expression of TGF-β/Smad pathway markers were tested by qRT-PCR to determine whether FPNP exerted antioxidant activity through TGF-β signaling in HDF cells. RESULTS The polysaccharide content of Panax notoginseng increased after Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC 17452 fermentation. In the FPNP treatment group, ROS and MDA contents were decreased, reversed the down-regulation of the antioxidant activity and expression of antioxidant enzyme (CAT, GSH-Px and SOD) induced by H2O2. Furthermore, the up-regulation in expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3 and the down-regulation in the expression of Smad7 in FPNP treated groups revealed that FPNP can inhibit H2O2-induced collagen and elastin injury by activating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CONCLUSION It was shown that FPNP could inhibit the damage of collagen and elastin induced by H2O2 by activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby protecting against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. FPNP may be an effective attenuating healing agent that protects the skin from oxidative stress and wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiuqin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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