1
|
Li F, Liu Y, Lin W. Phase equilibrium and protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems containing imidazolium ionic liquids and surfactant at low voltage levels. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
2
|
Vobecká L, Romanov A, Slouka Z, Hasal P, Přibyl M. Optimization of aqueous two-phase systems for the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid in integrated microfluidic reactors-separators. N Biotechnol 2018; 47:73-79. [PMID: 29614323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were screened for the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) catalyzed by penicillin acylase, followed by the extractive separation of 6-APA from the reaction mixture. The key point of this study was to find an ATPS exhibiting a large difference in the partition coefficients of the biocatalyst and reaction products. Several ATPSs based on polyethylene glycol (PEG)/phosphate, PEG/citrate, and PEG/dextran were tested. We found that an ATPS consisting of 15 wt% of PEG 4000, 10 wt% of phosphates, 75 wt% of water (pH value 8.0 after dissolution) provided optimal separation of 6-APA from the enzyme. While the 6-APA was mainly found in the top PEG phase, the free enzyme favored the bottom salt-rich phase. This ATPS also fulfils other important requirements: (i) high buffering capacity, reducing an undesirable pH decrease due to the dissociation of phenylacetic acid (the side product of the reaction), (ii) a relatively low cost of the ATPS components, (iii) the possibility of electrophoretic transport of fine droplets as well as the reaction products for both the acceleration of phase separation and the enhancement of 6-APA concentration in the product stream. Extraction experiments in microcapillary and batch systems showed that the transport of 6-APA formed in the salt-rich phase to the corresponding PEG phase could occur within 30 s. The experimental results described form a base of knowledge for the development of continuously operating integrated microfluidic reactors-separators driven by an electric field for the efficient production of 6-APA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vobecká
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Romanov
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Slouka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Hasal
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Přibyl
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Liu Y, Li F. Effects of DC electric field on phase equilibrium and partitioning of ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Yamini Y, Seidi S, Rezazadeh M. Electrical field-induced extraction and separation techniques: promising trends in analytical chemistry--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 814:1-22. [PMID: 24528839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is an important issue in analytical chemistry, and is often a bottleneck in chemical analysis. So, the major incentive for the recent research has been to attain faster, simpler, less expensive, and more environmentally friendly sample preparation methods. The use of auxiliary energies, such as heat, ultrasound, and microwave, is one of the strategies that have been employed in sample preparation to reach the above purposes. Application of electrical driving force is the current state-of-the-art, which presents new possibilities for simplifying and shortening the sample preparation process as well as enhancing its selectivity. The electrical driving force has scarcely been utilized in comparison with other auxiliary energies. In this review, the different roles of electrical driving force (as a powerful auxiliary energy) in various extraction techniques, including liquid-, solid-, and membrane-based methods, have been taken into consideration. Also, the references have been made available, relevant to the developments in separation techniques and Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) systems. All aspects of electrical driving force in extraction and separation methods are too specific to be treated in this contribution. However, the main aim of this review is to provide a brief knowledge about the different fields of analytical chemistry, with an emphasis on the latest efforts put into the electrically assisted membrane-based sample preparation systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as well as the new achievements in these areas have been discussed, which might be helpful for further progress in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Electric field-enhanced transport across phase boundaries and membranes and its potential use in sample pretreatment for bioanalysis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:768-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Rnghavarno KS, Guinn MR, Todd. P. Recent Developments in Aqueous two-Pease Extraction in Bioprocessing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03602549809351638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Nagaraj N, Chethana S, Raghavarao KSMS. Electrokinetic demixing of aqueous two-phase polymer/salt systems. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:10-7. [PMID: 15624187 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic demixing of aqueous two-phase polymer/salt systems is demonstrated, resulting in significant enhancement in demixing rates by about 1-4-fold. The effect of field polarity, field strength, volume ratio, and phase composition on phase demixing has been studied. Further the influence of these parameters on phase demixing could be explained based on the hydrodynamic flow-electroosmotic flow (HEF) model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Nagaraj
- Department of Food Engineering, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krishna SH, Srinivas ND, Raghavarao KSMS, Karanth NG. Reverse micellar extraction for downstream processing of proteins/enzymes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 75:119-83. [PMID: 11787493 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44604-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
New developments in the area of downstream processing are, hopefully, to fulfill the promises of modern biotechnology. The traditional separation processes such as chromatography or electrophoresis can become prohibitively expensive unless the product is of high value. Hence, there is a need to develop efficient and cost-effective downstream processing methods. Reverse micellar extraction is one such potential and a promising liquid-liquid extraction technique, which has received immense attention for isolation and purification of proteins/enzymes in the recent times. This technique is easy to scale-up and offers continuous operation. This review, besides briefly considering important physico-chemical and biological aspects, highlights the engineering aspects including mass transfer, mathematical modeling, and technology development. It also discusses recent developments in reverse micellar extraction such as affinity based separations, enzymatic reactions in reverse micelles coupled with membrane processes, reverse micellar extraction in hollow fibers, etc. Special emphasis has been given to some recent applications of this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hari Krishna
- Department of Fermentation Technology & Bioengineering, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karumanchi RSMS, Doddamane SN, Sampangi C, Todd PW. Field-assisted extraction of cells, particles and macromolecules. Trends Biotechnol 2002; 20:72-8. [PMID: 11814597 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved bioseparation techniques are increasingly important for biotechnology because separation is often the limiting factor for the success of biological processes. Manufacturers of new enzymes and pharmaceutical products require improved methods for recovering intact cells and intracellular products. Similarly the isolation, purification and concentration of many biomolecules produced in fermentation processes is extremely important. Often such downstream processing contributes a large portion of the product cost and thus efficient and economical alternative approaches to bioseparation processes are needed to eliminate, reduce or facilitate the handling of solids. Field-assisted separations, which hold immense potential for providing a major improvement in bioseparation in the near future, are considered in this review. Special emphasis is given to multistage methods, which are cost-effective compared with competing technologies. Commercial applications of these methods are detailed, we present suggestions for future work and we analyse the scale-up and economic aspects of these processes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Raghavarao KS, Dueser M, Todd P. Multistage magnetic and electrophoretic extraction of cells, particles and macromolecules. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 68:139-90. [PMID: 11036687 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45564-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Improved techniques for separating cells, particles, and macromolecules (proteins) are increasingly important to biotechnology because separation is frequently the limiting factor for many biological processes. Manufacturers of new enzymes and pharmaceutical products require improved methods for recovering intact cells and intracellular products. Similarly isolation, purification, and concentration of many biomolecules produced in fermentation processes is extremely important. Often such downstream processing contributes a large portion of the product cost. In conventional methods like centrifugation and even modern methods like chromatography, scale-up problems are enormous, making them uneconomical and prohibitively expensive unless the product is of very high value. Therefore there has been a need for efficient and economical alternative approaches to bioseparation processes to eliminate, reduce, or facilitate solids handling. Magnetic and electric field assisted separations may hold considerable potential for providing a future major improvement in bioseparation technology. In the present review the merits and demerits of the existing methods are discussed. We present mainly our own research on the development of unified multistage extraction processes that are versatile enough to handle cells and particles as well as macromolecules as described below. We describe multistage methods, namely ADSEP (Advanced Separator), MAGSEP (Magnetic Separator), and ELECSEP (Electrophoretic Separator), for quantitatively separating cells, particles, and solutes by using magnetically and electrophoretically assisted extraction processes. To the best of our knowledge, multistage magnetic and electrophoretic separations have not been reported in the earlier literature. The theoretical underpinnings of these separations are crucial to their success and to the identification of their advantages over other separation processes in particular applications. Hence mathematical modeling is stressed here, presenting our own models while also reviewing models reported in the literature. We also present suggestions for future work while analyzing the scale-up and economic aspects of these extraction processes. Commercial uses of the magnetic and electrophoretic processes, having both ground- and space-based research elements, also are presented in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Raghavarao
- Department of Food Engineering, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Raghavarao K, Rastogi N, Gowthaman M, Karanth N. Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction for Downstream Processing of Enzymes/Proteins. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Rogers RD, Bond AH, Bauer CB. Metal Ion Separations in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399308018023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Sikdar SK, Cole KD, Stewart RM, Szlag DC, Todd P, Cabezas H. Aqueous two-phase extraction in bioseparations: an assessment. Nat Biotechnol 1991; 9:252, 254-6. [PMID: 1367300 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0391-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Sikdar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- H Walter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822
| | | | | |
Collapse
|