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Brandenberger J, Tylleskär T, Sontag K, Peterhans B, Ritz N. A systematic literature review of reported challenges in health care delivery to migrants and refugees in high-income countries - the 3C model. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:755. [PMID: 31200684 PMCID: PMC6567460 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants and refugees have important health needs and face inequalities in their health status. Health care delivery to this patient group has become a challenging public health focus in high income countries. This paper summarizes current knowledge on health care delivery to migrants and refugees in high-income countries from multiple perspectives. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review including primary source qualitative and quantitative studies between 2000 and 2017. Articles were excluded if the study setting was in low- or middle-income countries or focused on skilled migration. Quality assessment was done for qualitative and quantitative studies separately. Predefined variables were extracted in a standardized form. Authors were approached to provide missing information. RESULTS Of 185 identified articles, 35 were included in the final analysis. We identified three main topics of challenges in health care delivery: communication, continuity of care and confidence. All but one study included at least one of the three main topics and in 21/35 (60%) all three topics were mentioned. We further developed the 3C model and elaborated the interrelatedness of the three topics. Additional topics identified showed that the specific regional context with legal, financial, geographical and cultural aspects is important and further influences the 3C model. CONCLUSIONS The 3C model gives a simple and comprehensive, patient-centered summary of key challenges in health care delivery for refugees and migrants. This concept is relevant to support clinicians in their day to day practice and in guiding stakeholders in priority setting for refugee and migrant health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brandenberger
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Migrant Health Service, University of Basel, Spitalstr.33, Basel, Postbox CH 4031, Switzerland. .,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003,, Basel, Switzerland. .,Paediatric Emergency Department, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Katrin Sontag
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003,, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Social Sciences, Subject Area Cultural Anthropology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Peterhans
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003,, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ritz
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Migrant Health Service, University of Basel, Spitalstr.33, Basel, Postbox CH 4031, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003,, Basel, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Basel, Pediatric Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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