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Icekson T, Kaye-Tzadok A, Zeiger A. Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Work Absenteeism: Work Meaningfulness as a Double-Edged Sword. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:451. [PMID: 38673362 PMCID: PMC11050126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of childhood maltreatment (CM) on an individual's health and economic welfare are widely recognized, yet its occupational and organizational effects remain less explored. Employee absenteeism, known as absenteeism, is often a sign of workplace maladjustment and may be linked to a history of CM. Some individuals in the helping professions, who exhibit a strong sense of purpose in their employment and pursue it in demanding environments, are CM survivors. This study investigates whether a heightened sense of meaningfulness in their work is associated with increased absenteeism among this subgroup. We recruited 320 helping professionals from a variety of social and mental health settings, one third of whom reported experiencing CM. As hypothesized, CM was positively correlated with work absenteeism. Furthermore, the relationship between work meaningfulness and absenteeism was moderated by their CM history: among those with CM experiences, greater work meaningfulness was associated with higher absenteeism rates. Our findings highlight the possibility that work meaningfulness may operate as a double-edged sword, and the importance of better understanding the challenges that high-functioning survivors of CM face within organizational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Icekson
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot 7610202, Israel
- Department of Management, School of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Avital Kaye-Tzadok
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Social Work Department, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 4025000, Israel;
| | - Aya Zeiger
- Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
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Jallo N, Kinser PA, Eglovitch M, Worcman N, Webster P, Alvanzo A, Svikis D, Meshberg-Cohen S. Giving Voice to Women with Substance Use Disorder: Findings from Expressive Writing About Trauma. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2024; 5:223-230. [PMID: 38516652 PMCID: PMC10956529 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2023.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Trauma exposure is a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUD) among women. This study explores written content from an expressive writing (EW) intervention conducted within a residential SUD program to examine themes across trauma experiences and characterize their deep insight into such experiences. Materials and Methods This qualitative study is a secondary data analysis of written content of the first writing session from women (n = 44) randomized to an EW condition while in residential SUD treatment. Results Nearly all participants (72.7% African American; mean age 37.3 years) reported a significant trauma event (93.2%) with an average of 3.7 types of trauma events (54.4% had a current posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis). Four primary themes emerged: (1) trauma across the lifespan; (2) loss of safety; (3) altered self-concept; and (4) desire to move on. Most participants identified interpersonal trauma, especially at an early age, as well as parental neglect and physical and/or sexual violence. These themes indicate a pattern of interpersonal betrayal and paint a picture of trauma and the subsequent "rippling effect" such that the physical, mental, and emotional consequences were often as impactful as the event itself. However, there was also a desire to move on and gain a sense of normalcy. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of the written word and addressing underlying trauma in addiction treatment to facilitate healing and the woman's desire to move on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Jallo
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Patricia A. Kinser
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle Eglovitch
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicola Worcman
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Parker Webster
- Chinle Comprehensive Healthcare Facility, Indian Health Service, Chinle, Arizona, USA
| | - Anika Alvanzo
- Substance Use Disorders Consultation Services, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dace Svikis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Meshberg-Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Kaye-Tzadok A, Icekson T. A phenomenological exploration of work-related post-traumatic growth among high-functioning adults maltreated as children. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1048295. [PMID: 36619051 PMCID: PMC9814126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1048295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood maltreatment is a highly prevalent traumatic experience, and its adverse psychological and behavioral consequences are well-documented. Notwithstanding these adverse outcomes, many individuals who suffered from traumatic experiences report post-traumatic growth, i.e., transformative positive changes resulting from their struggle to cope. Post-traumatic growth has been extensively explored among adult survivors of childhood maltreatment, with findings indicating both the previously recognized domains (personal strength, relating to others, appreciation of life, openness to new possibilities, and spiritual change) as well as abuse-specific domains of growth (e.g., increased ability to protect themselves from abuse). However, little attention has been given to vocational aspects of post-traumatic growth among survivors, despite the central role and importance of work in adulthood. Exploration of post-traumatic growth at work has focused on certain vocational traumatic experiences, such as those which occur in the military, or through secondary trauma. This exploratory qualitative study focuses on the question: What is the lived experience of work-related post-traumatic growth among high-functioning adult survivors of CM? Method Twenty in-depth interviews were held with high-functioning working adults who were maltreated as children. Phenomenological analysis was applied to the retrospective data reported in these interviews. Result Rich descriptions of work-related positive psychological changes were provided by all participants. Analysis revealed that survivors' post-traumatic growth corresponded with all five previously recognized domains of growth: changes in self, relating to others, openness to new possibilities, finding meaning to the abuse, and appreciation of life. It also revealed that work is perceived as a form of resistance (a subtheme of changes in self), and that finding meaning entails three emerging subthemes: being a survivor and a role model, giving others what was needed and never received, and making a better world. Discussion While the vocational lives of survivors of childhood maltreatment have rarely been examined through the lens of post-traumatic growth, our results show this lens to be highly valuable. Work-related post-traumatic growth has relevance not only regarding vocational traumas occurring in adulthood as has been previously studied, but also in the context of childhood traumas. Moreover, our research broadens the understanding of the possible domains of work-related growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Kaye-Tzadok
- Social Work Department and the Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel,*Correspondence: Avital Kaye-Tzadok,
| | - Tamar Icekson
- Program in Organizational Development & Consulting, School of Behavioral Sciences, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel,Departments of Management and Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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4
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How adults maltreated as children relate to work supervisors: relational patterns and processes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Guidry JPD, Sawyer AN, Carlyle KE, Burton CW. #WhyIDidntReport: Women Speak Out About Sexual Assault on Twitter. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2021; 17:129-139. [PMID: 34325434 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In September 2018, Dr. Christine Blasey Ford accused then-nominee to the U.S. Supreme Court Brett Kavanaugh of sexual assault. When then-U.S. President Donald Trump questioned her credibility on Twitter, sexual assault survivors began tweeting their reasons for not reporting using the hashtag #WhyIDidntReport. This study examined how these posts were discussed on Twitter and to what extent the tweets fit within levels of the Social Ecological Model (SEM). METHOD This study used quantitative content analysis to code 1,000 tweets with #WhyIDidntReport for violence type, reasons for not reporting, and SEM levels. RESULTS Overall, 68.7% of posts mentioned a specific reason for not reporting; of these, 24.1% referred to the perpetrator being in a position of power, 36.3% feared not being believed, and 20.6% mentioned that others invalidated the assault. In addition, 47.6% mentioned a specific form of violence. Within the SEM, 47.6% referred to individual, 52.6% to relational, 43.2% to community, and 21.7% to societal reasons for not reporting. CONCLUSION Reading social media content allows healthcare providers to directly discover how survivors talk about their experiences, priorities in the care environment, and how to support a patient-centered and trauma-informed approach. IMPLICATIONS Understanding reasons people do not report sexual assault is critical for healthcare professionals to engage patients in open, honest screening and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine P D Guidry
- Author Affiliations:Robertson School of Media and Culture Virginia Commonwealth University Departments of Psychology Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California at Irvine
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Poli-Neto OB, Tawasha KAS, Romão APMS, Hisano MK, Moriyama A, Candido-Dos-Reis FJ, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Nogueira AA. History of childhood maltreatment and symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with chronic pelvic pain. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 39:83-89. [PMID: 28351202 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2017.1306515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect suffered by women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) during childhood and whether these occurrences are associated with symptoms of pain, anxiety and depression. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 154 women older than 18 years, 77 of them healthy and 77 with CPP. A history of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect was determined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Anxiety and depression symptoms were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Pain intensity was determined using a visual analog scale (VAS). The quantitative variables were compared by the Wilcoxon test, and the qualitative variables were compared by the Chi-square test or exact Fisher test when appropriate. Correlation between the CTQ, HAD and VAS scores was estimated by the Spearman's p coefficient. Independent association of the variables with the presence of CPP was determined by logistic multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of childhood maltreatment was 77.9% and 64.9%, respectively, for women with CPP and healthy women (p = 0.07). Emotional neglect was more frequent among women with CPP than among healthy women (58.4% versus 41.5%, p = 0.04). There was a moderate correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms and CTQ scores for women with CPP. Unemployment (OR = 4.15, 95% CI 1.73-9.94; ORadj = 3.30, 95% CI 1.26-8.55) was independently associated with the presence of CPP. CONCLUSIONS Women with CPP reported emotional neglect abuse more frequently than healthy women. There was a direct correlation between maltreatment scores and anxiety and depression scores. On the other hand, CPP was independently associated only with unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omero Benedicto Poli-Neto
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Kalil Antonio Salotti Tawasha
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Marcel Kawashima Hisano
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Aska Moriyama
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Francisco Jose Candido-Dos-Reis
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Rosa-E-Silva
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Antônio Alberto Nogueira
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
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Niesten IJM, Karan E, Frankenburg FR, Fitzmaurice GM, Zanarini MC. Description and prediction of the income status of borderline patients over 10 years of prospective follow-up. Personal Ment Health 2016; 10:285-292. [PMID: 26864557 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder are economically disadvantaged, but longitudinal data is lacking. AIM This study examined the income of borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients and axis II comparison subjects over 10 years of follow-up and assessed predictors of income among BPD patients. METHOD Data on income was obtained for 264 BPD patients and 63 axis II comparison subjects at 6-year follow-up and for surviving patients at five follow-up waves. Baseline and time-varying predictors of income were assessed using information from interviews and self-report measures. RESULTS Regardless of diagnosis, a greater proportion of people shifted into the higher income groups over time. Being in a higher income group was more likely to happen and happened more rapidly for axis II comparison subjects than for BPD patients. Results regarding the BPD patients indicated that childhood emotional, verbal and/or physical abuse were associated with a greater likelihood of being in a lower income group, whereas years of education and a higher IQ were associated with a greater likelihood of being in a higher income group. CONCLUSION Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients show enduring lowered economic functioning. Their economic functioning seems to be negatively affected by childhood emotional, verbal and/or physical abuse but positively affected by years of education and IQ. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella J M Niesten
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Faculty of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esen Karan
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychology at City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances R Frankenburg
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mary C Zanarini
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Liu Y, Croft JB, Chapman DP, Perry GS, Greenlund KJ, Zhao G, Edwards VJ. Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five U.S. states. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:357-69. [PMID: 22869349 PMCID: PMC4539022 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study assesses the relationships between self-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (including sexual, physical, or verbal abuse, along with household dysfunction including parental separation or divorce, domestic violence, mental illness, substance abuse, or incarcerated household member) and unemployment status in five US states in 2009. METHODS We examined these relationships using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor surveillance system survey data from 17,469 respondents (aged 18-64 years) who resided in five states, completed the ACE Questionnaire, and provided socio-demographic and social support information. We also assessed the mediation of these relationships by respondents' educational attainment, marital status, and social support. RESULTS About two-third of respondents reported having had at least one ACEs, while 15.1% of men and 19.3% of women reported having had ≥4 ACEs. Among both men and women, the unemployment rate in 2009 was significantly higher among those who reported having had any ACE than among those who reported no ACEs (p < 0.05). Educational attainment, marital status, and social support mediated the relationship between ACEs and unemployment, particularly among women. CONCLUSIONS ACEs appear to be associated with increased risk for unemployment among men and women. Further studies may be needed to better understand how education, marital status, and social support mediate the association between multiple ACEs and unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mail-Stop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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9
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Zielinski DS. Child maltreatment and adult socioeconomic well-being. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2009; 33:666-78. [PMID: 19811826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little empirical research has examined the impact that child maltreatment may have on victims' long-term socioeconomic well-being. The current study sought to address this gap by exploring the relationship between childhood experiences of abuse and neglect and several indicators of socioeconomic well-being in adulthood. METHOD Data from the nationally representative National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (n=5004) were analyzed using logistic regression models to examine whether maltreatment in childhood (any maltreatment, physical abuse, sexual abuse, severe neglect, and multiple types of maltreatment) affected employment status, income, and health care coverage in adulthood. Several potential confounds of this relationship were included as covariates in the models, including race, sex, age, and several indicators of childhood socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS The results show that adults who had experienced maltreatment differed significantly from non-maltreated adults across each of the socioeconomic domains examined. Effects were additionally found to differ depending on the number of types of maltreatment experienced. CONCLUSIONS Increased rates of unemployment, poverty, and Medicaid usage indicate the significant long-term personal impact of early victimization. They also suggest a substantial societal cost from this problem through lost economic productivity and tax revenue, and increased social spending. Low socioeconomic status among parents has also been identified as a salient risk factor for the perpetration of maltreatment, and, as such, these results indicate a potential mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of violence. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings from this study suggest that victims of child maltreatment are at increased risk for financial and employment-related difficulties in adulthood. Approximately one million children are identified each year by state agencies as victims of maltreatment in the United States. Many maltreated children, furthermore, go undetected by protective service agencies, indicating the high prevalence of this problem, and underscoring its large economic costs to society. By highlighting the long-term socioeconomic costs of maltreatment, this research should encourage policy makers to focus on improving prevention, intervention, and treatment efforts for victims of abuse and neglect.
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Draucker CB, Martsolf DS, Ross R, Cook CB, Stidham AW, Mweemba P. The essence of healing from sexual violence: a qualitative metasynthesis. Res Nurs Health 2009; 32:366-78. [PMID: 19415681 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative metasynthesis was conducted to identify the essence of healing from sexual violence, as described by adults who experienced it as children or as adults. Based on the findings of 51 reports, four domains of healing were identified: (a) managing memories, (b) relating to important others, (c) seeking safety, and (c) reevaluating self. The ways of healing within each domain reflected opposing responses. The dialectical process identified for each of the four domains include, respectively: (a) calling forth memories, (b) regulating relationships with others, (c) constructing an "as-safe-as-possible" lifeworld, and (d) restoring a sense of self. These complex processes resulted in a new reality for the participants that was based on a greater sense of agency and provided a more satisfying life course.
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Thomas SP, Hall JM. Life trajectories of female child abuse survivors thriving in adulthood. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2008; 18:149-166. [PMID: 18216336 DOI: 10.1177/1049732307312201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A narrative study of thriving adult female survivors of childhood maltreatment was undertaken to discover how they had achieved success. Life trajectory patterns, turning points, and setbacks were identified. Data consisted of 81 interview transcripts derived from a series of three interviews, spaced over 6 to 12 months, with 27 survivors. The childhood abuse was intrafamilial, beginning as early as infancy and continuing, in most cases, until participants left home. The onset and pace of the healing trajectory were quite variable, including a roller-coaster pattern as well as patterns of slow, steady progress and continued struggle. Four types of redemption narratives were delineated. Survivors had not been spared depression but had made achievements in work and education and displayed remarkable generativity, parenting their own children well, and mentoring other young girls, especially victims of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Thomas
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4180, USA.
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12
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Hall JM. Dissociative experiences of women child abuse survivors: a selective constructivist review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2003; 4:283-308. [PMID: 15006298 DOI: 10.1177/1524838003256559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A selective literature review of dissociation in women abuse survivors was under-taken from a feminist, constructivist perspective. Dissociation has been conceptualized many ways historically. Current understandings of dissociative phenomena are diverse, as reflected in the research and treatment literature. Dissociation has been linked to physical and psychological problems, including major mental illnesses, pelvic pain, somatization disorders, and eating disorders. There has been a preoccupation with rare but fascinating extremes of dissociation, such as multiple personality disorder, with less emphasis on more frequently seen types of dissociation, such as depersonalization and derealization. Views of dissociation as it occurs in women child abuse survivors affect their autonomy and perceived credibility and determine treatment trajectories. Questions remain as to what aspects and types of dissociation are "pathological." There is evidence that dissociation may be a commonplace human experience in the general population. Implications for theory, research, and practice are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Hall
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, TN, USA
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Abstract
This article synthesizes some consumer literature and highlights the fact that many of their priorities fall outside the purview of contemporary mainstream psychiatry. Given that there is insufficient integration of consumer information into mental health nursing literature, the author overviews biopsychiatry's emphases and omissions for clues to the marginalization of consumer-based concerns. As nursing traditionally focuses on activities of daily living impeded by illness or disability (unlike psychiatry), the article argues that we have a responsibility to assist consumers manage life difficulties arising from structured constraints such as unemployment, poverty, insecure accommodation, and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Horsfall
- University of Western Sydney, Pernith South DC, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Seng JS. A conceptual framework for research on lifetime violence, posttraumatic stress, and childbearing. J Midwifery Womens Health 2002; 47:337-46. [PMID: 12361345 DOI: 10.1016/s1526-9523(02)00275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this theoretical article is to describe a conceptual framework for research on effects of past and current abuse and posttraumatic stress on childbearing women. The proposed framework builds on an earlier framework proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for research on violence occurring around the time of pregnancy. Two main adaptations are suggested. First, cumulative lifetime history of abuse trauma is added to the framework in addition to violence occurring around the time of pregnancy. Second, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is given greater emphasis as a potential factor contributing to adverse maternity outcomes based on the theoretical proposition that PTSD could be a plausible mechanism for adverse outcomes via both behavioral and neuroendocrine pathways. More research is needed on the effects of violence and PTSD on childbearing. This framework for research could be used to facilitate design of studies in which investigators want to consider PTSD as a potential mediator between lifetime exposure to violence and negative childbearing processes and outcomes. It is congruent with a CDC framework for research and could be incorporated into studies designed to meet their recommendations.
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Ornduff SR, Kelsey RM, Bursi C, Alpert BS, Bada HS. Child abuse potential in at-risk African American mothers: the role of life experience variables. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2002; 72:433-44. [PMID: 15792055 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of life experience variables on child abuse potential were evaluated in 95 prospectively recruited African American mothers 1 month postpartum. All participants had used opiates or cocaine during pregnancy and were considered high risk for child maltreatment. Abuse potential was assessed with the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, a widely used and psychometrically sound measure with demonstrated predictive validity. Conceptually relevant measures of life experiences and demographic data were obtained from hospital records, maternal self-report, and clinician-administered interviews. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that exposure to violence in the family of origin and lifetime use of illicit substances made significant independent contributions to the prediction of child physical abuse potential, even after maternal age and current socioeconomic status were controlled for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney R Ornduff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA.
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Hall JM. Core issues for female child abuse survivors in recovery from substance misuse. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2000; 10:612-631. [PMID: 11066868 DOI: 10.1177/104973230001000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Female survivors of childhood abuse have increased risk for substance misuse. Childhood abuse survivors describe current mental health and substance misuse services as not addressing central problems, the "heart of the matter." Negative core issues related to abuse events, contexts, substance use, and current problems were explored in open-ended interviews with 20 female abuse survivors. Most were marginalized because of cocaine use, poverty, and ethnic status. Narrative analysis involved within- and between-account comparisons through adequate paraphrasing of in vivo descriptions. Results include in-depth description of basic core beliefs, developmental core influences, and current core experiences. Implications for practice and policy include appreciation of the influence of negative core experiences on mental health, substance misuse recovery, and preparedness for adulthood demands.
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