MoS2 based ternary composites: review on heterogeneous materials as catalyst for photocatalytic degradation

Decoration of Carbon Dots on Oxygen-Vacancy-Enriched S-Scheme TiO2 Quantum Dots/TiO2 Oxygen Vacancies Photocatalysts: Impressive Quantum-Dot-Sized Photocatalysts for Remediation of Antibiotics, Bacteria, and Dyes

Today, cleaning the environment using photocatalytic technology is one of the main research activities. In this study, carbon dots (C-dots) were anchored on oxygen-vacancy-enriched TiO2 quantum dots (QDs)/TiO2 oxygen vacancies (OVs) using a facile procedure. The resultant ternary TiO2 QDs/TiO2 OVs/C-dots photocatalysts with a quantum dot size of almost 4.55 nm were used for detoxification of aqueous solutions containing four antibiotics and three organic dyes as well as inactivation of two pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, upon visible light. The degradation constant of tetracycline over the optimized TiO2 QDs/TiO2 OVs/C-dots nanocomposite reached 714 × 10-4 min-1, which was 17.3, 12.1, and 2.92 times higher than TiO2 QDs, TiO2 OVs, and TQDs/TOVs (1:1) materials, respectively. Effective separation of electron-hole pairs between TiO2 QDs and TiO2 OVs counterparts through decorated C-dots by an established S-scheme system was the main reason for boosted photocatalytic activity. With regard to the facile growth of wheat and lentil seeds in the treated solutions, it is hoped that the TiO2 QDs/TiO2 OVs/C-dots nanocomposite with significant stability could be used to clean up wastewaters.

MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels for antibiotic pollutants removal from wastewater by photocatalytic degradation process: A review

Photocatalytic technologies based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalysts are effective, eco-friendly, and promising for antibiotic pollutants treatment. The technologies used by MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels for efficient degradation of antibiotics are reviewed in detail for the first time in this paper. The fundamental aspects of MoS2 were comprehensively scrutinized, encompassing crystal structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic principle. Then, the main synthesized methods and advantages/disadvantages for the preparation of MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels were systematically presented. Besides, a comprehensive overview of diverse MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels photo-degradation systems that enhanced the degradation of antibiotic pollutants were revealed. Meanwhile, the photo-degradation mechanism concentrated on the photoelectron transfer pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were systematically evaluated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for deeply development of MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels were discussed. This review may help researchers to deeply understand the research status of MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels for antibiotics removal, and makes clear the photo-degradation mechanism from photoelectron transfer pathways and ROS aspects of MoS2-based nanocomposites and aerogels.

Photocatalytic degradation of drugs and dyes using a maching learning approach

The waste management industry uses an increasing number of mathematical prediction models to accurately forecast the behavior of organic pollutants during catalytic degradation. With the increasing quantity of waste generated, these models are critical for reinforcing the efficiency of wastewater treatment strategies. The application of machine-learning techniques in recent years has notably improved predictive models for waste management, which are essential for mitigating the impact of toxic commercial waste on global water supply. Organic contaminants, dyes, pesticides, surfactants, petroleum by-products, and prescription drugs pose risks to human health. Because traditional techniques face challenges in ensuring water quality, modern strategies are vital. Machine learning has emerged as a valuable tool for predicting the photocatalytic degradation of medicinal drugs and dyes, providing a promising avenue for addressing urgent demands in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. This research investigates the synergistic application of photocatalysis and machine learning for pollutant degradation, showcasing a sustainable solution with promising effects on environmental remediation and computational efficiency. This study contributes to green chemistry by providing a clever framework for addressing present-day water pollution challenges and achieving era-driven answers.

Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of photocatalytic antibacterial MoS2-Zn coatings controlled by sodium dodecyl sulfate

Photocatalytic MoS2 with visible light response is considered as a promising bactericidal material owing to its non-toxicity and high antibacterial efficiency. However, photocatalysts always exist as powder, so it is difficult to settle photocatalysts on the metal surface, which limits their application in aqueous environments. To solve this problem, ultrasound and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were introduced into the co-deposition process of MoS2 and zinc matrix, so that novel MoS2-Zn coatings were obtained. In this process, ultrasound and SDS strongly promoted the dispersion and adsorption of MoS2 on the co-depositing surfaces. Then MoS2 were proved to be composited into the Zn matrix with effective structures, and the addition of SDS effectively increased the loading content of MoS2 in the MoS2-Zn coatings. Besides, the antibacterial performance of the MoS2-Zn coatings was evaluated with three typical fouling bacteria E.coli, S.aureus and B.wiedmannii. The MoS2-Zn coating showed high and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties with over 98 % inhibition rate against these three bacteria. Furthermore, it is proved that the MoS2-Zn coatings generated superoxide (·O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) under visible light, which played the dominant and subordinate roles in the antibacterial process, respectively. The MoS2-Zn coatings also showed high antibacterial stability after four "light-dark" cycles. According to the results of the attached bacteria, the MoS2-Zn coatings were considered to effectively repel the living pelagic bacteria instead of killing the attached ones, which was highly environmentally friendly. The obtained MoS2-Zn coatings were considered promising in biofilm inhibiting and marine antifouling fields.

Unraveling the potential of sonochemically achieved DyMnO3/Dy2O3 nanocomposites as highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts in decolorization of organic contamination

In the present day, the widespread presence of lingering contaminants in ecosystems has prompted scientists to develop novel semiconductor nanoarchitectures that assist in photocatalytic reactions mediated by visible light. As a result, we propose to prepare a series of Dy-Mn-O based nano-catalysts using a sonochemical approach utilizing various ionic phases of surfactants as structure-directing agents. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement techniques were used to explore the fundamental effects of surfactants on the compositional-structural features of the materials. In terms of morphological profiles, DyMnO3/Dy2O3 (DM) nanostructures fabricated with Triton X-80 as a structure-directing agent showed the best uniformity with an acceptable size range between 14.14 and 52.35 nm. In the visible-light-driven photocatalytic domain, these nanocomposites provide high responsiveness based on their optical band gap value of 2.0 eV. According to our findings, two individual factors affect dye activity, namely dye type and concentration, which is why a high decomposition efficiency of 78.8% was obtained for 10 ppm Acid violet (AV) using DyMnO3/Dy2O3 nanocomposites after 120 min of exposure to visible light. Furthermore, radical quenching test confirmation confirmed the mechanistic behind the degradation process. This indicates that active species of O2•- and •OH may play a significant role in photocatalysis. As a result of repeated processes over three consecutive cycles, binary DyMnO3/Dy2O3 nanocomposites had an efficiency of 64.4% in removing dyes from the environment, indicating their high stability.

Electronic Structures of Monolayer Binary and Ternary 2D Materials: MoS2, WS2, Mo1-xCrxS2, and W1-xCrxS2 Using Density Functional Theory Calculations

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with binary compounds, such as transition-metal chalcogenides, have emerged as complementary materials due to their tunable band gap and modulated electrical properties via the layer number. Ternary 2D materials are promising in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. According to the calculation of density functional theory, in this work, we study the electronic structures of ternary 2D materials: monolayer Mo_1-xCr_xS₂ and W_1-xCr_xS₂. They are mainly based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide and have tunable direct band gaps and work functions via the different mole fractions of chromium (Cr). Meanwhile, the Cr atoms deform the monolayer structures and increase their thicknesses. Induced by different mole fractions of Cr material, energy band diagrams, the projected density of states, and charge transfers are further discussed.

MoS2-Cu/CuO@graphene Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of MB from Water

The industrial revolution resulted in the contamination of natural water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to save and recover the natural water resources. In this regard, polymer-based composites have attracted the scientific community for their application in wastewater treatment. Herein, molybdenum disulfide composites with a mix phase of copper, copper oxide and graphene (MoS₂-Cu/CuO@GN) were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. Methylene blue (MB) was degraded by around 93.8% within the 30 min in the presence of MoS₂-Cu/CuO@GN under visible light. The degradation efficiency was further enhanced to 98.5% with the addition of H₂O₂ as a catalyst. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of pure MoS₂, MoS₂-Cu/CuO and MoS₂-Cu/CuO@GN were also investigated under the same experimental conditions. The structural analysis endorses the presence of the Cu/CuO dual phase in MoS₂. The charge recombination ratio and band gap of MoS₂-Cu/CuO@GN were also investigated in comparison to pure MoS₂ and MoS₂-Cu/CuO. The chemical states, the analysis of C1s, O1s, Mo3d and Cu2p3, were also analyzed to explore the possible interaction among the present elements. The surface morphology confirms the existence of Cu/CuO and GN to MoS₂.

Recent progress in 2D hybrid heterostructures from transition metal dichalcogenides and organic layers: properties and applications in energy and optoelectronics fields

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) present extraordinary optoelectronic, electrochemical, and mechanical properties that have not been accessible in bulk semiconducting materials. Recently, a new research field, 2D hybrid heteromaterials, has emerged upon integrating TMDs with molecular systems, including organic molecules, polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and carbonaceous materials, that can tailor the TMD properties and exploit synergetic effects. TMD-based hybrid heterostructures can meet the demands of future optoelectronics, including supporting flexible, transparent, and ultrathin devices, and energy-based applications, offering high energy and power densities with long cycle lives. To realize such applications, it is necessary to understand the interactions between the hybrid components and to develop strategies for exploiting the distinct benefits of each component. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the new phenomena and mechanisms involved in TMD/organic hybrids and potential applications harnessing such valuable materials in an insightful way. We highlight recent discoveries relating to multicomponent hybrid materials. Finally, we conclude this review by discussing challenges related to hybrid heteromaterials and presenting future directions and opportunities in this research field.

Multifunctional SERS chip mediated by black phosphorus@gold-silver nanocomposites inserted in bilayer membrane for in-situ detection and degradation of hazardous materials

Self-cleaning surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates dependent on versatile two-dimensional semiconductors offer an efficient channel for the sensitive monitoring and timely degradation of hazardous molecules. Herein, a kind of sophisticated SERS-active nanocomposites was developed by incorporating Au-Ag nanoparticles onto black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets via photo-induced self-reduction. Combining the substantial electromagnetic "hot spots" triggered by bimetallic plasma coupling effect and the efficient charge transfer from BP to probe molecules, the proposed nanocomposites featured attractive SERS enhancement, facilitating a limit of detection down to 4.5 × 10^-10 M. Attributed to the remarkable restriction of electron-hole recombination stemming from "Schottky contact", the photocatalytic activity of BP was prominently boosted, demonstrating a complete degradation time as short as 65 min. Furthermore, the disgusting instability of BP was considerably hindered by inserting the nanocomposites into various bilayer matrices with diverse hardness and viscosity inspired by cling film principle. Moreover, a significantly elevated collection rate high to 93.1% for in-situ detection was also achieved by the as-manufactured flexible SERS chips based on tape. This study illustrates a clear perspective for the development of versatile BP-based SERS chips which might facilitate sensitive analysis and treatment of perilous contaminants in complicated real-life scenarios.

Performance and Mechanism Analysis of Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline by SiC/CdS Composites

In view of the high cost and low efficiency of tetracycline biooxidation treatment, SiC/CdS composites were constructed by chemical vapor phase method and water bath method in this work. Firstly,...

A PPy/MoS2 core–shell heterojunction modified by carbon dots exhibits high photocatalytic antibacterial performance

CQDs and PPy facilitate the separation of MoS2 electron–hole pairs and enhance their photocatalytic antibacterial performance.