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Maggi G, Barone A, Mastromarino C, Santangelo G, Vitale C. Prevalence and clinical profile of patients with restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2024; 121:275-286. [PMID: 39033665 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder of sleep/wake regulation characterized by an urge to move the legs accompanied by a wide range of sensory symptoms, mainly affecting the lower limbs. An increased incidence of RLS has been demonstrated in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been associated with severe motor and non-motor manifestations. We aimed to provide a reliable estimate of RLS prevalence and the clinical features associated with its occurrence in PD (PD-RLS). METHODS We performed a systematic literature search up to January 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Articles were included if they provided data on PD patients with or without RLS, and these proportions were used to estimate the prevalence of PD-RLS. Clinical profile associated with PD-RLS was explored by comparing the clinical characteristics of PD patients with and without RLS. RESULTS Forty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled RLS prevalence was 20 % of a total sample of 6990 PD patients and was associated with female sex, mixed motor phenotype, worse motor disturbances and functional disability, and a wide range of non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, cognitive and autonomic dysfunctions, and more severe neuropsychiatric manifestations. Sensitivity analyses indicated significant associations of PD-RLS with variables related to dopaminergic therapy. No association was found with serum ferritin, serum iron and hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PD-RLS exceeds that reported in the general population, suggesting the existence of a relationship between the two disorders. Dopaminergic treatment seems to play an ambivalent role relieving, worsening or "mimicking" RLS manifestations. However, the clinical profile of PD-RLS patients, characterized by a greater severity of non-motor symptoms, also suggests that neurotransmitter systems other than the dopaminergic one are involved in PD-RLS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Angelo Barone
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Clara Mastromarino
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Department of Medical, Motor and Wellness Sciences, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; ICS Maugeri Hermitage Napoli, 80145, Naples, Italy
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An T, Sun H, Yuan L, Wu X, Lu B. Associations of anxiety and depression with restless leg syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1366839. [PMID: 38562425 PMCID: PMC10982394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1366839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The levels of anxiety and depression among patients with restless leg syndrome (RLS) are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the levels of depression and anxiety among individuals with RLS with those of healthy controls. Methods We conducted an extensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception dates to 20 June 2023. Studies presenting data on depression and anxiety in individuals with RLS were included, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed. Results Twenty-one studies matched the inclusion criteria. Significantly more depressive symptoms were present in the individuals with RLS than in those without RLS, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory [mean difference (MD) = 6.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.54-7.62, p < 0.01; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.99]. Similarly, the results from the Beck Anxiety Inventory indicated that there were significantly more pronounced anxiety symptoms in the individuals with RLS than in those without RLS (MD = 9.30, 95%CI = 7.65-10.94, p < 0.01; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.92). The other anxiety and depression scales also yielded statistically significant results. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, with the primary contributing factor probably being the scoring criteria of the scales. Conclusion This meta-analysis found that the levels of depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in individuals with RLS than in their healthy counterparts.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023410364, (identifier CRD42023410364).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang An
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Haiyang Sun
- Cangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- College of Psychology and Mental Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiuling Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Baoquan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Diaconu Ş, Irincu L, Ungureanu L, Ciopleiaș B, Țînț D, Falup-Pecurariu C. Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease. J Pers Med 2023; 13:915. [PMID: 37373904 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome (RLS) might worsen sleep quality and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study is to explore the associations between RLS and sleep, quality of life and other non-motor symptoms (NMS) in a sample of PwPD. METHODS We compared the clinical features of 131 PwPD with and without RLS, in a cross-sectional study. We used several validated scales for assessment: the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLS), Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale version 2 (PDSS-2), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ) and International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Non-Motor Rating Scale (MDS-NMS). RESULTS Thirty-five patients (26.71%) out of the total PwPD met the RLS diagnostic criteria, without significant differences between male (57.14%) and female (42.87%) (p = 0.431). Higher total scores of PDSS-2 were recorded among PwPD + RLS (p < 0.001), suggesting worse sleep quality. Significant correlations were observed between the diagnosis of RLS and some types of pain (especially nocturnal pain), physical fatigue and probable sleep-disordered breathing, according to the MDS-NMSS assessment. CONCLUSIONS RLS has a high frequency in PwPD and it requires proper management, considering its consequences on sleep and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ştefania Diaconu
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500365 Braşov, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Braşov, Romania
| | - Laura Irincu
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500365 Braşov, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Braşov, Romania
| | - Larisa Ungureanu
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500365 Braşov, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Braşov, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ciopleiaș
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500365 Braşov, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Braşov, Romania
| | - Diana Țînț
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Braşov, Romania
- Clinicco, 500059 Braşov, Romania
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 500365 Braşov, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 500036 Braşov, Romania
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Paul DA, Qureshi AR, Jamal MK, Rana AQ. Cross-Sectional Design: Link Between Parkinson's Pain and Restless Leg Syndrome. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:622-626. [PMID: 34467821 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211036188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research suggests that restless leg syndrome (RLS) is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) with insufficient evidence to support the relationship between RLS, PD, and pain. This study explored the relationship between pain in PD patients and its association with the prevalence and severity of RLS. METHOD 127 PD patients were assessed for PD and RLS using the U.K. Brain bank Criteria and the Restless Leg Syndrome diagnostic criteria, respectively. These patients were also assessed for pain perception and interference using the Brief Pain Inventory. RESULTS The results demonstrated Parkinson's disease patients who reported pain scored 23 more Restless Leg Syndrome prevalence points (p < 0.05), and 8.5 counts higher for Restless Leg Syndrome severity (p < 0.05) compared to the group of Parkinson's disease patients denying pain. DISCUSSION The presence of pain in PD patients indicated a higher RLS prevalence and an increased RLS severity. This finding suggests patients suffering from pain interference may experience more severe RLS symptoms. This demonstrates an inextricable link and association between pain in PD patients and RLS. Further robust investigations are required to elucidate any potential causative links, which can inform more holistic treatment principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion A Paul
- Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto and Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dion A. Paul & Abdul Rehman Qureshi are co-first authors
| | - Abdul Rehman Qureshi
- Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto and Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dion A. Paul & Abdul Rehman Qureshi are co-first authors
| | - Muhammad K Jamal
- Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto and Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang L, Wan Z, He X, Cheng L, Wang P, Li J, Du J. The association between restless leg syndrome and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Neurol Res 2021; 44:475-482. [PMID: 34955092 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.2018865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To shed light on the association between restless leg syndrome (RLS) and anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD) population. METHODS This was a case-control study including 129 PD participants with and without anxiety who presented to the Aerospace Center Hospital in Beijing, China. Anxiety was evaluated by using the Beck Anxiety Index score. RLS was assessed using the minimal diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Study Group and RLS symptom frequency and treatment. We then examined the relationship between RLS and anxiety by logistic regression models and subgroup as well as interaction analyses. RESULTS The proportion of RLS in PD with anxiety was significantly higher in the PD without anxiety (p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression models indicated that PD participants with RLS had a 5.98-fold higher risk of anxiety in PD than those without RLS (OR, 6.98; 95% CI, 2.77-17.59). Subgroup analyses indicated that PD with RLS tended to be associated with a greater risk of anxiety in all stratified subgroups (adjusted ORs >1). Furthermore, the interaction analyses revealed no interactive role in the association between RLS and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The present case-control study suggests that RLS is an independent risk factor for anxiety in PD patients. Early attention and targeted treatment for RLS may be necessary for mood management in PD. Larger prospective cohort studies are wanted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Wan
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- The First Clinical Division, The First Hospital Affiliated Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixia Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Branch, Aerospace Center Hospital, Chengde, China
| | - Peifu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jilai Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jichen Du
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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The Relationship Between Anxiety Disorders and Parkinson's Disease: Clinical and Therapeutic Issues. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 33660146 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper seeks to describe anxiety's different symptomatologic presentations in Parkinson's disease (PD), its longitudinal course and predictors, as well as its motor and non-motor correlates. It also reviews the available screening tools and different treatment modalities. RECENT FINDINGS In PD, longitudinal predictors of anxiety are mostly non-motor non-dopaminergic symptoms. The longitudinal course of anxiety is mainly a stable one. The Parkinson Anxiety Scale and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale are the 2 recommended screening tools. A third of PD patients suffer from an anxiety disorder at any time point. It can precede or follow PD motor symptoms. Anxiety is associated with demographic, disease-related motor and non-motor features. There is a lack of studies evaluating psychotropic treatment of anxiety in PD. Adjustment of dopaminergic treatment is indicated when anxiety is associated with motor fluctuations. DBS can be useful as well as CBT and body-mind interventions.
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Conroy SK, Brownlowe KB, McAllister TW. Depression Comorbid With Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, Parkinson's Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2020; 18:150-161. [PMID: 33162852 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression is common among patients with neurologic disorders, and it has long been considered more difficult to treat than depression in the general population. In this review, the authors consider challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of depression among patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. For each disorder, the authors discuss the epidemiology and time course of depression as well as review the physiologic and psychological etiologies of depression. In addition, for each disorder, they review screening tools and diagnostic considerations, including differential diagnosis; discuss etiological factors, both neurobiological and psychological; and assess evidence for various depression treatments, including pharmacologic, psychosocial, and neuromodulatory therapies. The evidence suggests that depression is common among patients with neurologic disorders and that it is crucial for general psychiatrists to provide treatment for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Conroy
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Conroy, McAllister); Department of Psychiatry, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (Brownlowe)
| | - Katherine B Brownlowe
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Conroy, McAllister); Department of Psychiatry, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (Brownlowe)
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Conroy, McAllister); Department of Psychiatry, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (Brownlowe)
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[Frequent neurological diseases associated with the restless legs syndrome]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 89:1156-1164. [PMID: 29736677 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-018-0528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disease. Studies have shown that RLS is associated with a variety of medical and neurological disorders. OBJECTIVES Using the example of three associated neurological diseases, the significance for everyday therapy decisions is assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was carried out in PubMed for all studies with the keyword "RLS" in combination with polyneuropathies (PNP), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) and classified according to the methodology in high, medium or low study quality. RESULTS Of 16 studies on RLS and MS, 10 were rated as "high". The high association frequency of RLS in MS between 13.3% and 65.1% (the variability possibly originates from different methods) prevents further statements about the prevalence. Within 30 studies on Parkinson's disease 17 were classified as having a high quality. In patients with Parkinson disease RLS occurs most frequently during therapy and is related to the duration of dopaminergic treatment. In patients with polyneuropathy, only 5 out of 24 studies were classified as being of high quality and an increased RLS prevalence was detected for acquired polyneuropathies with heterogeneous data for hereditary forms. CONCLUSION There is an increased prevalence of association with RLS for the diseases discussed. This prevalence is possibly determined by the pathophysiology of these disorders. These diseases are possibly characterized by genetic predispositions as well, which can hopefully be classified more accurately in the future.
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Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. Association between restless legs syndrome and other movement disorders. Neurology 2019; 92:948-964. [PMID: 31004074 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the possible association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and movement disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD), other parkinsonian syndromes, essential tremor, choreic and dystonic syndromes, Tourette syndrome, and heredodegenerative ataxias. METHODS Review of PubMed from 1966 to September 2018 and identification of references of interest for the topic. A meta-analysis of eligible studies on the frequency of RLS in patients with PD and controls using Meta-DiSc1.1.1 software and using the PRISMA guidelines was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although there are substantial clinical, neuroimaging, neuropathologic, and genetic differences between RLS and PD, many reports describe a higher than expected prevalence of RLS in patients with PD, when compared with the general population or with matched control groups; several studies have also suggested that RLS could be an early clinical feature of PD. RLS symptoms are frequent in multiple system atrophy, essential tremor, Tourette syndrome, Friedreich ataxia, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 as well. Finally, possible genetic links between PD and RLS (the presence of allele 2 of the complex microsatellite repeat Rep1 within the α-synuclein gene promoter) and between Tourette syndrome and RLS (several variants in the BTBD9 gene) have been reported in 2 case-control association studies, although these data, based on preliminary data with small sample sizes, need to be replicated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain.
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Probable RBD Associates with the Development of RLS in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:7470904. [PMID: 31065297 PMCID: PMC6466878 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7470904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate the prevalence of restless leg syndrome (RLS) and exploring the contributing factors that affect the development of RLS in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted consisting of 178 consecutive PD patients from our hospital between October 2015 and August 2016. We divided the participants into two groups, which were PD with RLS and PD with non-RLS. Then, we recorded their demographics and clinical data to draw a comparison between PD with RLS and PD with non-RLS. Results 23 (12.92%) were diagnosed with RLS among all the enrolled PD patients. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores, probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (PRBD), and daily levodopa equivalent dose (LED) in the PD with the RLS group were significantly different from those in the PD with the non-RLS group. Daily LED and the scores of UPDRS III and HAMD in PD patients with RLS were all higher than those in PD patients with non-RLS. PRBD, daily LED, and HAMD scores were significantly independent factors contributing to the development of RLS (OR = 4.678, 95% CI 1.372~15.944, P = 0.014; OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001~1.005, P = 0.019; OR = 1.094, 95% CI 1.002~1.193, P = 0.045). The severity of RLS was positively correlated with the duration of PD and daily LED (r = 0.438, P = 0.036; r = 0.637, P = 0.001). Conclusion PRBD existence, daily LED, and HAMD scores are independent factors for developing RLS in PD patients. PRBD existence is firstly proposed as an independent factor in developing RLS among PD patients. RLS severity in PD patients are positively associated with the duration of PD and daily LED.
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Depression is differently associated with sleep measurement in obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:37-41. [PMID: 30639562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression causes sleep disturbance and is associated with various sleep-related disorders. However, how depression affects the symptomatic presentation of different sleep-related disorders is unclear. In this study, we investigated the sleep parameters of different sleep-related disorders between depressive and non-depressive patients. A total of 785 patients underwent polysomnography in a mental hospital from Jan 2012 to Jun 2013. We first analyzed variables between the depressive and non-depressive groups. The patients were then divided into four groups: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, n = 339), restless leg syndrome (RLS, n = 51), periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD, n = 58) and comorbid group (OSA and RLS, n = 46). We next compared sleep measures between the depressive and non-depressive subjects within each groups. The patients with OSA and depression were significantly associated with a higher periodic limb movement index. Significantly more patients with RLS patients and depression had initial insomnia complaints. However, significantly more patients with PLMD and depression middle insomnia. Compared with non-depressive population, depressive patients had higher comorbidity with RLS and PLMD. Depression may have different association with the sleep parameters in different sleep-related disorders. Further investigations are needed to investigate how these findings may affect patients' awareness and clinicians' diagnosis and management of sleep-related disorders.
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Marques A, Figorilli M, Pereira B, Derost P, Debilly B, Beudin P, Vidal T, Durif F, Fantini ML. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease patients with RLS: a cross sectional-study. Sleep Med 2018; 48:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Disability from pain directly correlated with depression in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 160:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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