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Ge G, Sivasubramanian BP, Geng BD, Zhao S, Zhou Q, Huang G, O'Connor JC, Clark RA, Li S. Long-term benefits of hematopoietic stem cell-based macrophage/microglia delivery of GDNF to the CNS in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Gene Ther 2024; 31:324-334. [PMID: 38627469 PMCID: PMC11245959 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects dopaminergic neurons in various models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cell-based GDNF gene delivery mitigates neurodegeneration and improves both motor and non-motor functions in PD mice. As PD is a chronic condition, this study aims to investigate the long-lasting benefits of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based macrophage/microglia-mediated CNS GDNF (MMC-GDNF) delivery in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model. The results indicate that GDNF treatment effectively ameliorated MPTP-induced motor deficits for up to 12 months, which coincided with the protection of nigral dopaminergic neurons and their striatal terminals. Also, the HSC-derived macrophages/microglia were recruited selectively to the neurodegenerative areas of the substantia nigra. The therapeutic benefits appear to involve two mechanisms: (1) macrophage/microglia release of GDNF-containing exosomes, which are transferred to target neurons, and (2) direct release of GDNF by macrophage/microglia, which diffuses to target neurons. Furthermore, the study found that plasma GDNF levels were significantly increased from baseline and remained stable over time, potentially serving as a convenient biomarker for future clinical trials. Notably, no weight loss, altered food intake, cerebellar pathology, or other adverse effects were observed. Overall, this study provides compelling evidence for the long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of HSC-based MMC-GDNF delivery in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ge
- Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | | | - Bill D Geng
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Robert A Clark
- Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Senlin Li
- Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Marino BLB, de Souza LR, Sousa KPA, Ferreira JV, Padilha EC, da Silva CHTP, Taft CA, Hage-Melim LIS. Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathophysiology to Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:754-767. [PMID: 31686637 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191104110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5 to 2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and 4% for those over 80 years of age. PD is caused by the necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the brain region responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in its decrease in the synaptic cleft. The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) degrades dopamine, promoting the glutamate accumulation and oxidative stress with the release of free radicals, causing excitotoxicity. The PD symptoms are progressive physical limitations such as rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability and disability in functional performance. Considering that there are no laboratory tests, biomarkers or imaging studies to confirm the disease, the diagnosis of PD is made by analyzing the motor features. There is no cure for PD, and the pharmacological treatment consists of a dopaminergic supplement with levodopa, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics agents, dopaminergic agonists, and inhibitors of MAO-B, which basically aims to control the symptoms, enabling better functional mobility and increasing life expectancy of the treated PD patients. Due to the importance and increasing prevalence of PD in the world, this study reviews information on the pathophysiology, symptomatology as well as the most current and relevant treatments of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L B Marino
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Lucilene R de Souza
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Kessia P A Sousa
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Jaderson V Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Elias C Padilha
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Principios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H T P da Silva
- Laboratório Computacional de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlton A Taft
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorane I S Hage-Melim
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
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