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Xu M, Di D, Fan L, Ma Y, Wei X, Shang EX, Onakpa MM, Johnson OO, Duan JA, Che CT, Zhou J, Zhao M. Structurally diverse (9β-H)-pimarane derivatives with six frameworks from the leaves of Icacina oliviformis and their cytotoxic activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113804. [PMID: 37541354 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen previously undescribed (9β-H)-pimarane derivatives, icacinolides A-G (1-7) and oliviformislactones C-H (8-13), together with four known analogs (14-17), were isolated from the leaves of Icacina oliviformis. Their structures were constructed by extensive spectroscopic analysis, 13C NMR-DP4+ analysis, ECD calculation, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and chemical methods. These structurally diverse isolates were classified into six framework types: rearranged 3-epi-17-nor-(9β-H)-pimarane, rearranged 17-nor-(9β-H)-pimarane, 16-nor-(9β-H)-pimarane, 17-nor-(9β-H)-pimarane, 17,19-di-nor-(9β-H)-pimarane, and (9β-H)-pimarane. Among them, compounds 1, 5, and 7 were the first examples of three rearranged 3-epi-17-nor-(9β-H)-pimaranes featuring a unique (11S)-carboxyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,7]dodecane motif with contiguous stereogenic centers, whereas their C-3 epimers, compounds 2-4 and 6 were the second examples of four rearranged 17-nor-(9β-H)-pimaranes. Additionally, compounds 8 and 12/13 represented the second examples of a 16-nor-(9β-H)-pimarane and two 17,19-di-nor-(9β-H)-pimaranes, respectively. In cytotoxic bioassay, compound 2 exhibited significant cytotoxic against HT-29 with IC50 values of 7.88 μM, even stronger than 5-fluorouracil, and 15 showed broad-spectrum cytotoxic activities against HepG2, HT-29, and MIA PaCa-2 with IC50 values of 11.62, 9.77, and 4.91 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, a preliminary structure-activity relationship suggested that 3,20-epoxy, 6,19-lactone, 2-OH, 7-OH, and 8-OH in (9β-H)-pimarane derivatives might be active groups, whereas ring C aromatization may decrease the cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Di
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Fan
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingrun Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Monday M Onakpa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Abuja, 920001, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin O Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, CMUL Campus, Lagos, 100254, Nigeria
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciencesollege of Pharmacy, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Junfei Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource Recycling Utilization Under National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciencesollege of Pharmacy, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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Hasan M, Quan NV, Anh LH, Khanh TD, Xuan TD. Salinity Treatments Promote the Accumulations of Momilactones and Phenolic Compounds in Germinated Brown Rice. Foods 2023; 12:2501. [PMID: 37444239 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first investigation, conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD), to determine the effects of different salinity levels (75 and 150 mM) and germination periods (3, 4, and 5 days) on momilactone and phenolic accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR) var. Koshihikari. Particularly, the identification of bioactive compounds was confirmed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H and 13C). Momilactone A (MA) and momilactone B (MB) amounts were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS), whereas other compounds were quantified by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Accordingly, GBR under B2 treatment (75 mM salinity for 4 days) showed the greatest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (14.50 mg gallic acid and 11.06 mg rutin equivalents, respectively, per g dry weight). GBR treated with B2 also accumulated the highest quantities of MA, MB, ρ-coumaric, ferulic, cinnamic, salicylic acids, and tricin (18.94, 41.00, 93.77, 139.03, 46.05, 596.26, and 107.63 µg/g DW, respectively), which were consistent with the strongest antiradical activities in DPPH and ABTS assays (IC50 = 1.58 and 1.78 mg/mL, respectively). These findings have implications for promoting the value of GBR consumption and rice-based products that benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - La Hoang Anh
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam
- Center for Agricultural Innovation, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
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Kato-Noguchi H. Defensive Molecules Momilactones A and B: Function, Biosynthesis, Induction and Occurrence. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040241. [PMID: 37104180 PMCID: PMC10140866 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Labdane-related diterpenoids, momilactones A and B were isolated and identified in rice husks in 1973 and later found in rice leaves, straws, roots, root exudate, other several Poaceae species and the moss species Calohypnum plumiforme. The functions of momilactones in rice are well documented. Momilactones in rice plants suppressed the growth of fungal pathogens, indicating the defense function against pathogen attacks. Rice plants also inhibited the growth of adjacent competitive plants through the root secretion of momilactones into their rhizosphere due to the potent growth-inhibitory activity of momilactones, indicating a function in allelopathy. Momilactone-deficient mutants of rice lost their tolerance to pathogens and allelopathic activity, which verifies the involvement of momilactones in both functions. Momilactones also showed pharmacological functions such as anti-leukemia and anti-diabetic activities. Momilactones are synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate through cyclization steps, and the biosynthetic gene cluster is located on chromosome 4 of the rice genome. Pathogen attacks, biotic elicitors such as chitosan and cantharidin, and abiotic elicitors such as UV irradiation and CuCl2 elevated momilactone production through jasmonic acid-dependent and independent signaling pathways. Rice allelopathy was also elevated by jasmonic acid, UV irradiation and nutrient deficiency due to nutrient competition with neighboring plants with the increased production and secretion of momilactones. Rice allelopathic activity and the secretion of momilactones into the rice rhizosphere were also induced by either nearby Echinochloa crus-galli plants or their root exudates. Certain compounds from Echinochloa crus-galli may stimulate the production and secretion of momilactones. This article focuses on the functions, biosynthesis and induction of momilactones and their occurrence in plant species.
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Fattorini L, Leonelli F. Rice Phytoalexins: Half a Century of Amazing Discoveries; Part I: Distribution, Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:260. [PMID: 36678973 PMCID: PMC9862927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, providing approximately 20% of the world's food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over half a century, both for their biological role and their potential application in agronomic and pharmaceutical fields. In recent decades, the growing interest of the research community, combined with advances in chemical, biological, and biomolecular investigation methods, has led to a notable acceleration in the growth of knowledge on rice phytoalexins. This review provides an overview of the knowledge gained in recent decades on the diversity, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and bioactivity of rice phytoalexins, with particular attention to the most recent advances in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Quan NV, Thien DD, Khanh TD, Tran HD, Xuan TD. Momilactones A, B, and Tricin in Rice Grain and By-Products are Potential Skin Aging Inhibitors. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120602. [PMID: 31766429 PMCID: PMC6963690 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the inhibitory potentials of momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study, antioxidant and anti-skin-aging activities of MA and MB were investigated and compared with tricin, a well-known antioxidant and antiaging flavonoid in rice. MA, MB, and tricin were purified from rice husk by column chromatography and their biological activities were subsequently assayed by in vitro trials. The contents of MA, MB, and tricin of different commercial rice cultivars in Japan were quantified and confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The antioxidant assays revealed a synergistic activity of the mixture MA and MB (MAB, 1:1, v/v). In addition, in 2,2'-azino-bis (ABTS) assay, IC50 values of MAB (0.3 mg/mL) and tricin (0.3 mg/mL) was 4-fold and 9-fold greater than that of individual MB (1.3 mg/mL) or MA (2.8 mg/mL), respectively. The in vitro enzymatic assays on pancreatic elastase and tyrosinase indicated that MA and MB were potential to relief skin wrinkles and freckles. In detail, MA exerted higher inhibition on both enzymatic activities (30.9 and 37.6% for elastase and tyrosinase inhibition, respectively) than MB (18.5 and 12.6%) and MAB (32.0 and 19.7%) at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. Notably, MA and the mixture MAB exhibited stronger inhibitions on elastase and tyrosinase in comparison with tricin and vanillin. MA, MB, and tricin in rice are potential to develop cosmetics as well as supplements for skin aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan;
| | - Dam Duy Thien
- Dai Nam Manufacturing & Trade Co. Ltd., 7th District, Ngo Duc Ke Street No 57, Vung Tau City 78212, Vietnam;
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam;
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam;
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-82-424-6927
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Chariyakornkul A, Punvittayagul C, Taya S, Wongpoomchai R. Inhibitory effect of purple rice husk extract on AFB 1-induced micronucleus formation in rat liver through modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 31481128 PMCID: PMC6724366 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice husk, a waste material produced during milling, contains numerous phytochemicals that may be sources of cancer chemopreventive agents. Various biological activities of white and colored rice husk have been reported. However, there are few comparative studies of the cancer chemopreventive effects of white and colored rice husk. Methods This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive activities of two different colors of rice husk using in vitro and in vivo models. A bacterial mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was performed; enzyme induction activity in murine hepatoma cells was measured, and a liver micronucleus test was performed in male Wistar rats. Results The white rice husk (WRHE) and purple rice husk (PRHE) extracts were not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or TA100 in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. However, the extracts exhibited antimutagenicity against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 2-amino-3,4 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (MeIQ) in a Salmonella mutation assay. The extracts also induced anticarcinogenic enzyme activity in a murine Hepa1c1c7 hepatoma cell line. Interestingly, PRHE but not WRHE exhibited antigenotoxicity in the rat liver micronucleus test. PRHE significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in AFB1-initiated rats. PRHE contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and vitamin E than WRHE in both tocopherols and tocotrienols as well as polyphenol such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Furthermore, PRHE increased CYP1A1 and 1A2 activities while decreasing CYP3A2 activity in the livers of AFB1-treated rats. PRHE also enhanced various detoxifying enzyme activities, including glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase. Conclusions PRHE showed potent cancer chemopreventive activity in a rat liver micronucleus assay through modulation of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in AFB1 metabolism. Vitamin E and phenolic compounds may be candidate antimutagens in purple rice husk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhao M, Cheng J, Guo B, Duan J, Che CT. Momilactone and Related Diterpenoids as Potential Agricultural Chemicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7859-7872. [PMID: 29996047 PMCID: PMC6592423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Momilactones are allelochemicals in rice and moss defense. Momilactone-like compounds are therefore considered important secondary metabolites for plant defense. They may serve as promising lead compounds for crop-friendly herbicides as well as antifungal and antibacterial agents. Many of these substances possess potent cytotoxicity property against cancer cell lines as well. The present paper is the first review on these versatile molecules, focusing on the structure, biological activity, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis of the naturally occurring momilactone-like molecules reported from 1973 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Corresponding Author. Tel: +86-25-85811916. Fax: +86-25-85811916
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Brian Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Scientific Evidence of Rice By-Products for Cancer Prevention: Chemopreventive Properties of Waste Products from Rice Milling on Carcinogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9017902. [PMID: 28210630 PMCID: PMC5292171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern affecting men and women worldwide. Although current chemopreventive drugs could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, they exert many adverse side effects. Dietary factor plays a crucial role in the management of cancers and has drawn the attention of researchers to be used as an option to combat this disease. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that rice and its by-products display encouraging results in the prevention of this disease. The mechanism of anticancer effect is suggested partly through potentiation of bioactive compounds like vitamin E, phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, and phenolics. Nevertheless, the bioactivity of rice and its by-products is still incompletely understood. In this review, we present the findings from a preclinical study both in in vitro and in animal experiments on the promising role of rice by-products with focus on cancer prevention.
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Chung NJ, Choi KC, Lee SA, Baek JA, Lee JC. Rice hull extracts inhibit proliferation of MCF-7 cells with G₁ cell cycle arrest in parallel with their antioxidant activity. J Med Food 2014; 18:314-23. [PMID: 25469660 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been a major dietary staple worldwide for centuries. Growing interest in the beneficial effects of antioxidants has inspired investigation of rice hulls as an attractive source of chemopreventive compounds for breast cancer intervention. We prepared methanol extracts from rice hulls of three Korean bred cultivars (japonica), Ilpum, Heugjinju, and Jeogjinju, and one japonica weedy rice, WD-3. We examined the antiproliferative potential of the hull extracts on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and the related mechanisms thereof. Hull extracts inhibited proliferation of the cells and mediated G0/G1 phase arrest by suppressing cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, where WD-3 extract showed the most potent. Blockage of p21 expression by small interfering RNA transfection attenuated G1 phase arrest induced by WD-3 extract. The WD-3 extract exhibited greater antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds, compared with other rice hulls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for the F4 fractioned from WD-3 extract revealed that cinnamic acid derivatives were the major active constituents. The F4 fraction most potently inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells than WD-3 extract through the suppression of cell cycle regulatory factors. Collectively, our results suggest that the pigmented rice hulls possess greater antioxidant and chemopreventive activity against breast cancer than the other rice cultivars tested, demonstrating that WD-3 rice hulls are an attractive source of chemopreventive bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Jin Chung
- 1 Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, South Korea
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Park C, Jeong NY, Kim GY, Han MH, Chung IM, Kim WJ, Yoo YH, Choi YH. Momilactone B induces apoptosis and G1 arrest of the cell cycle in human monocytic leukemia U937 cells through downregulation of pRB phosphorylation and induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1653-60. [PMID: 24503697 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactone B, a terpenoid phytoalexin present in rice bran, has been shown to exhibit several biological activities. The present study was conducted using cultured human leukemia U937 cells to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which momilactone B exerts its anticancer activity, which to date has remained poorly understood. Momilactone B treatment of U937 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death as detected by chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and Annexin V-FITC staining. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that momilactone B resulted in G1 arrest in cell cycle progression, which was associated with the dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and enhanced binding of pRB with the E2F transcription factor family proteins. Treatment with momilactone B also increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 in a p53-independent manner, without any noticeable changes in G1 cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), except a slight decrease in cyclin E. Moreover, in vitro kinase assay indicated that momilactone B significantly decreased Cdk4- and Cdk6-associated kinase activities through a notably increased binding of p21 to Cdk4 and Cdk6. Our results demonstrated that momilactone B caused G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in U937 cells through the induction of p21 expression, inhibition of Cdk/cyclin-associated kinase activities, and reduced phosphorylation of pRB, which may be related to anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Friedman M. Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10626-10641. [PMID: 24175575 DOI: 10.1021/jf403635v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-compatible and safe formulations with desirable nutritional and biological properties can be used to develop new multifunctional foods as well as bioethanol and biodiesel fuel. The overlapping aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of the described health-promoting potential of the rice-derived brans, oils, and hulls in food and medicine. Such an understanding will enhance nutrition and health and benefit the agricultural and industrial economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Revilla E, Santa-María C, Miramontes E, Candiracci M, Rodríguez-Morgado B, Carballo M, Bautista J, Castaño A, Parrado J. Antiproliferative and immunoactivatory ability of an enzymatic extract from rice bran. Food Chem 2012; 136:526-31. [PMID: 23122093 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The validation of natural products as source of functional foods or nutraceuticals has become an important issue in current health research. Thus, the present work has tested on MOLT-4 cells (human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemic) the antiproliferative effect of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran (EERB). Present work shows that EERB induces cellular death in MOLT-4 cells in a dose-dependent way (0-10mg/mL) but not in non-tumoral lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of MOLT-4 cells treated with EERB showed the presence of death cells by apoptosis rather than necrosis. Additionally, EERB also exerts an immunoactivatory effect on N13 microglia cells, by inducing TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-α) expression, which plays a key role in the innate immune response to infection. Accordingly, we can propose EERB as a useful natural standardized extract with antiproliferative and immunoactivatory ability that would be beneficial to apply in the functional food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Revilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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