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Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175579. [PMID: 36080343 PMCID: PMC9457789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usage of renewable aerial parts such as fruits. The goal of this research was to determine the phenolic compounds and the enzymatic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the intractum gained from the E. senticosus fruits and the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5). The obtained results showed, that the intractum contained 1.02 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 0.30 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 0.19 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. In turn, the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5) contained 159.27 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 137.47 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 79.99 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. Regarding the anti-enzymatic assay, the IC50 values for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase were equal to 586.83 and 217.44 [μg/mL] for the intractum, and 162.56 and 44.80 [μg/mL] for the mixture, respectively. Both preparations have possessed significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS, DPPH, and ferrozine tests. No cytotoxic effect on the FaDu and HEP G2 cancer cell lines was observed. Our findings support the traditional use of fruits and roots. Moreover, the results indicate also that adaptogens are rather nontoxic for normal and cancer cells, which corresponds with some hypotheses on adaptogens activity.
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Targets and Potential Mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis in Treatment of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8762717. [PMID: 35190740 PMCID: PMC8858046 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8762717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the target and potential mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) in the treatment of HCC based on bioinformatics, so as to provide suggestions for the diagnosis, treatment, and drug development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The regulated gene targets of SB were screened by gene expression pattern clustering and differential analysis of gene expression data of HepG2 cells treated with SB at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The module genes related to HCC were identified by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG and GO enrichment were used to analyze the molecular function and structure of the module, and GSEA was used to evaluate the different functional pathways between normal people and patients with HCC. Then, the module gene was used for univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to build a prognostic model. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was used to analyze the core genes regulated by SB (CGRSB) of the module, and the survival curve revealed the CGRSB impact on patient survival. The CIBERSORT algorithm combined with correlation analysis to explore the relationship between CGRSB and immune infiltration. Finally, the single-cell sequencing technique was used to analyze the distribution of CGRSB at the cellular level. Results SB could regulate 903 genes, of which 234 were related to the occurrence of HCC. The prognosis model constructed by these genes has a good effect in evaluating the survival of patients. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that the regulation of SB on HCC mainly focused on some cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune-related functions. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that these functions are related to the occurrence of HCC. A total of 24 CGRSB were obtained after screening, of which 13 were significantly related to survival, and most of them were unfavorable factors for patient survival. The correlation analysis of gene expression showed that most of CGRSB was significantly correlated with T cells, macrophages, and other functions. The results of single-cell analysis showed that the distribution of CGRSB in macrophages was the most. Conclusion SB has high credibility in the treatment of HCC, such as CDK2, AURKB, RRM2, CENPE, ESR1, and PRIM2. These targets can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. The research also shows that the p53 signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, apoptosis pathway, T cell receptor pathway, and macrophage-mediated tumor immunity play the most important role in the mechanism of SB in treating HCC.
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Wang L, Ke J, Wang C, Li Y, Wu G, Ding Q, Luo Q, Cai R, Lv P, Song T, Xiong S. Efficacy and Safety of Banxia XieXin Decoction, a Blended Traditional Chinese Medicine, as Monotherapy for Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420942587. [PMID: 32787468 PMCID: PMC7427017 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420942587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore a new therapeutic option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the efficacy and safety of a group of traditional Chinese medicines (Banxia XieXin recipe) as monotherapy for patients with advanced HCC was studied. Materials and Methods: The study included 68 patients with advanced HCC from August 16,2016 to August 15,2019 for analysis. These eligible patients received treatment with Banxia XieXin recipe for at least 1 month. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary efficacy endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). In addition, safety was also assessed. Results: The median treatment duration of these 68 patients was 10.3 months (range = 1.6-33.5 months), and follow-up is still ongoing. The median PFS was 6.07 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.748-8.392 months), and the median OS was 12.60 months (95% CI = 8.019-17.181 months). The ORR was 10.3% and the DCR was 41.2%. In the subgroup analysis, the median OS in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) group was not reached, and the median OS in the NO TACE group was 11.30 months (95% CI = 3.219-19.381 months). In addition, no drug-related serious adverse events were observed during the study. Conclusion: This is the first clinical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine as a single treatment for advanced HCC. The obtained results are encouraging as they suggest that this panel of Chinese herbs is safe and it may be effective for patients with advanced HCC in a real-world clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianlong Ke
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guoyu Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiuyue Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Panpan Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shaoquan Xiong
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Hui W, Zhang W, Liu C, Wan S, Sun W, Su L. Alterations of Signaling Pathways in Essential Thrombocythemia with Calreticulin Mutation. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6231-6238. [PMID: 34393515 PMCID: PMC8357313 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Though mutations of the calreticulin (CALR) gene have been identified in essential thrombocythemia patients, the detailed mechanisms for CALR mutations have not been completely clarified. Our study is aimed at characterizing alteration of protein expression in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 and further recognizing possible involvement of signaling pathways associated with CALR mutations. Patients and Methods Protein pathway array was performed to analyze the expression levels of proteins involved in various signaling pathways in peripheral blood neutrophils from 18 ET patients with mutated CALRdel52, 20 ET patients with JAK2V617F mutation and 20 controls. Results We found 20 proteins differentially expressed in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 compared with healthy controls. These proteins were associated with molecular mechanisms of cancer in ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) network. We identified top ten canonical pathways which including apoptotic pathways and cellular cytokine pathways might participate in pathogenesis of ET with mutated CALRdel52. Additionally, there were 8 proteins found to be dysregulated differently between ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 and those with JAK2V617F mutation. These proteins might be related to the unique signaling pathways activated by CALRdel52 mutation which were different to JAK/STATs pathway by JAK2V617F mutation. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that numerous alterations of signaling proteins and pathways in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52. These findings could help to gain insights into the pathological mechanisms of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Hui
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suigui Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chen M, Xiao H, Chen B, Bian Z, Kwan HY. The advantages of using Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids for the management of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Ping Z, Jun X, Yan W, Jun Z. Anti-cancer properties of specific Chinese herbal medicines for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Eur J Integr Med 2020:101215. [PMID: 33042292 PMCID: PMC7532350 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This essay explores the anti-cancer activity of specific Chinese herbal medicines to clarify how effective Chinese herbal medicine is used for handling hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Literature form publica domain were studied and an analysis of anti-cancer activity of specific Chinese herbal medicines is presented in this review. RESULTS Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most dangerous malignant tumors in the world. The operative diagnosis of liver cancer remains a significant challenge. Although surgery tissue resection is encouraging, a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, illustrating disease-related mortality is desperately required to enhance postoperative preventive and therapeutic clinical procedures. The almost only effective clinical intervention seems to be developing advanced targeted therapies such as sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma patients, but there is little research in this field. Because their preventative/therapeutic properties strengthen Chinese herbal medicinal compounds, they are deemed relevant to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Chinese herbal medicine derivates provide multifaceted, orientated and orchestrated therapy, making it an ideal candidate for inhibiting hepatocellular tumor production and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zang Ping
- Pharmacy, Qingdao Island Central Hospital
| | - Xue Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangdao district Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao
| | - Wang Yan
- Qingdao West Coast New Area Health Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Brigade
| | - Zhang Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangdao district Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao
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Wang C, Sun W, Wang X, Jin Y, Zhao S, Luo M, Tong S. Large-scale separation of baicalin and wogonoside from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by the combination of pH-zone-refining and conventional counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:266-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhao T, Tang H, Xie L, Zheng Y, Ma Z, Sun Q, Li X. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1353-1369. [PMID: 31236960 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae) is a plant of the genus Lamiaceae, and its root is the main part used as a medicine. In China, Scutellaria baicalensis is still an important traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxification. This medicinal plant is widely distributed in China, Russia, Mongolia, North Korea and Japan. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this plant. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research on this medicinal plant are also discussed. KEY FINDINGS So far, over 40 compounds have been isolated and identified from Scutellaria baicalensis, including flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oils and polysaccharides. The compounds and extracts isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including the effects on the nervous system, effects on the immune system, liver protection, antitumour effects, antibacterial and antiviral effects, antioxidant effects and other pharmacological effects. SUMMARY As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis has shown significant effects on the treatment of various diseases, especially hepatitis, diarrhoea, vomiting and high blood pressure. Numerous traditional uses of Scutellaria baicalensis have been confirmed by current investigations. However, it is also necessary to further study the drug-forming properties and pharmacokinetics of the active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis, as well as to establish quality control standards for different areas of Scutellaria baicalensis, and to carry out the research at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zubing Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chinese Herbal Medicine (Chaihu-Huaji Decoction) Alleviates Postembolization Syndrome following Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Improves Survival in Unresectable Hepatocellular Cancer: A Retrospective Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6269518. [PMID: 30854013 PMCID: PMC6377962 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6269518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the efficacy of Chaihu-huaji decoction combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 125 HCC patients treated in Chongqing Cancer Hospital between January 2012 and December 2014, including 64 patients who received Chaihu-huaji decoction and TACE (Chaihu-huaji group) and 61 patients who received only TACE (control group). The patients were examined until the last follow-up or death. Complications, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity were compared between the two groups. Results Fever, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, and leukocytopenia were alleviated in patients who received Chaihu-huaji decoction, and no cases of significant hepatic and renal toxicities related to the herbal medicine were observed in the Chaihu-huaji group. The 3-year overall survival probability was significantly higher in the Chaihu-huaji group (26.47%) than in the control group (13.06%). Conclusion Chaihu-huaji decoction may prevent adverse events after TACE and prolong overall survival of unresectable HCC patients when combined with TACE.
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Wang ZL, Wang S, Kuang Y, Hu ZM, Qiao X, Ye M. A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:465-484. [PMID: 31070530 PMCID: PMC6292351 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1492620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) is a popular medicinal plant. Its roots are used as the famous traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Qin, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and British Pharmacopoeia. OBJECTIVE This review comprehensively summarizes research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of S. baicalensis. METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1973 to March 2018 was collected from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar (Chinese), and CNKI (Chinese). Scutellaria baicalensis, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis were used as the key words. RESULTS A total of 126 small molecules (1-126) and 6 polysaccharides have been isolated from S. baicalensis. The small molecules can be classified into four structural types, namely, free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and other small molecules. Extracts of S. baicalensis and its major chemical constituents have been reported to possess anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Key steps in the biosynthetic pathways of Scutellaria flavonoids have also been summarized. CONCLUSIONS This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in the chemical constituents, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and clinical applications of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Min Ye State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China
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EghbaliFeriz S, Taleghani A, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Scutellaria: Debates on the anticancer property. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1299-1310. [PMID: 30021367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of plants as accessible anticancer agents leads to the identification of many natural source chemotherapeutic agents. Scutellaria one of the popular genus of flowering plants has been used for various human illnesses for thousands of years. Scutellaria has anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative, anti-invasion, anti-angiogenic and apoptosis effects in vitro as well as in vivo. Despite numerous reports on the cytotoxic-antitumor activity of the plant, there are still some issues need further consideration. Issues such as unjustified interpretations, lack of attention to the pharmacokinetics profile and weak study design may affect the final decision about the use of plants as anticancer agents and possibly needs reconsideration. In this review, we have summarized the potential health benefits of Scutellaria and its active components also the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Meanwhile we have discussed concerns may interfere with the precise conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira EghbaliFeriz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Taleghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Cheng CS, Chen J, Tan HY, Wang N, Chen Z, Feng Y. Scutellaria baicalensis and Cancer Treatment: Recent Progress and Perspectives in Biomedical and Clinical Studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:25-54. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin in Chinese) is a major traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb, which has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of symptoms correlated with cancer. In the past decade, the potential of S. baicalensis and single compounds derived from it as anticancer agents targeting various pathways has received extensive research attention. Specifically, the proliferation and metastases inhibiting properties of the single compounds in cancer have been studied; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the various mechanisms, pathways and molecular targets involved in the anticancer activity of S. baicalensis and its single compounds. However, the aim of this review is to provide a more thorough view of the last 10 years to link traditional use with modern research and to highlight recently discovered molecular mechanisms. Extracts and major flavonoids derived from S. baicalensis have been found to possess anticancer effects in multiple cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to discover novel targets and cancer therapeutic drugs that may improve both the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Ting CT, Kuo CJ, Hu HY, Lee YL, Tsai TH. Prescription frequency and patterns of Chinese herbal medicine for liver cancer patients in Taiwan: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health Insurance Research Database. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:118. [PMID: 28219357 PMCID: PMC5319102 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is frequently provided to HCC patients. The aim of this study was to understand the prescription frequency and patterns of CHM for HCC patients by analyzing the claims data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan. METHODS We identified 73918 newly diagnosed HCC subjects from the database of Registry for Catastrophic Illness during 2002 to 2009 and to analyze the frequency and pattern of corresponding CHM prescriptions for HCC patients. RESULTS There were a total of 685,079 single Chinese herbal prescriptions and 553,952 Chinese herbal formula prescriptions used for 17,373 HCC subjects before 2 years of HCC diagnosis. Among the 13,093 HCC subjects who used CHMs after HCC diagnosis, there were 462,786 single Chinese herbal prescriptions and 300,153 Chinese herbal formula prescriptions were counted. By adjusting with person-year and ratio of standardized incidence rate, the top ten prescribed single herbal drugs and Chinese herbal formulas for HCC patients were described in our study. Among them, we concluded that, Oldenlandia diffusa (Chinese herbal name: Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao), Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Da Huang) and the herbal preparation of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang and Gan-Lu-Yin, were the most obviously increased and important CHMs been used for HCC patients. CONCLUSION We established an accurate and validated method for the actual frequency and patterns of CHM use in treating HCC in Taiwan. We propose that these breakthrough findings may have important implications for HCC therapy, clinical trials and modernization of CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tsung Ting
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hu
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Lee
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, No. 33 Zhonghua Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong Street, Section 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Therapeutic properties of Scutellaria baicalensis in db/db mice evaluated using Connectivity Map and network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41711. [PMID: 28139721 PMCID: PMC5282526 DOI: 10.1038/srep41711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (ESB) has effects against obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic animal model (db/db mouse). In the present study, we tried to explain the pharmacological effects of ESB by integrating gene expression information from db/db mouse liver with that of ESB-treated HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Using Connectivity Map (cmap) analysis, we found an inverse relationship in the pharmaceutical profiles based on gene expression between db/db mouse liver and ESB-treated HepG2 cells. This inverse relationship between the two data sets was also observed for pathway activities. Functional network analysis showed that biological functions associated with diabetes and lipid metabolism were commonly enriched in both data sets. We also observed a similarity in distribution of cmap enrichment scores between db/db mouse liver and human diabetic liver, whereas there was an inverse pattern of cmap enrichment scores in human diabetic liver compared with ESB-treated HepG2 cells. This relationship might explain the pharmacological activities of ESB against db/db mouse and possible effectiveness of ESB against human diabetes. We expect that our approach using in vitro cell lines could be applied in predicting the pharmacological effectiveness of herbal drugs in in vivo systems.
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Wu X, Deng F, Li Y, Daniels G, Du X, Ren Q, Wang J, Wang LH, Yang Y, Zhang V, Zhang D, Ye F, Melamed J, Monaco ME, Lee P. ACSL4 promotes prostate cancer growth, invasion and hormonal resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44849-63. [PMID: 26636648 PMCID: PMC4792596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in fatty acid metabolism have been demonstrated to promote the growth and survival of a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we examine the expression and function of the fatty acid activating enzyme, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), in PCa. Ectopic expression of ACSL4 in ACSL4-negative PCa cells increases proliferation, migration and invasion, while ablation of ACSL4 in PCa cells expressing endogenous ACSL4 reduces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The cell proliferative effects were observed both in vitro, as well as in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of human PCa tissue samples indicated ACSL4 expression is increased in malignant cells compared with adjacent benign epithelial cells, and particularly increased in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) when compared with hormone naive PCa. In cell lines co-expressing both ACSL4 and AR, proliferation was independent of exogenous androgens, suggesting that ACSL4 expression may lead to CRPC. In support for this hypothesis, ectopic ACSL4 expression induced resistance to treatment with Casodex, via decrease in apoptosis. Our studies further indicate that ACSL4 upregulates distinct pathway proteins including p-AKT, LSD1 and β-catenin. These results suggest ACSL4 could serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Du
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qinghu Ren
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling Hang Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerio Zhang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Hu J, Ye F, Cui M, Lee P, Wei C, Hao Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Lu Z, Galsky M, McBride R, Wang L, Wang D, Cordon-Cardo C, Wang C, Zhang DY. Protein Profiling of Bladder Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161922. [PMID: 27626805 PMCID: PMC5023150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect protein changes that can assist to understand the underlying biology of bladder cancer. The data showed forty five proteins were found to be differentially expressed comparing tumors vs non-tumor tissues, of which EGFR and cdc2p34 were correlated with muscle invasion and histological grade. Ten proteins (ß-catenin, HSP70, autotaxin, Notch4, PSTPIP1, DPYD, ODC, cyclinB1, calretinin and EPO) were able to classify muscle invasive BCa (MIBC) into 2 distinct groups, with group 2 associated with poorer survival. Finally, 3 proteins (P2X7, cdc25B and TFIIH p89) were independent factors for favorable overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Peng Lee
- Departments of Pathology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, United States of America
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhihua Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Matthew Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Russell McBride
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Li Wang
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Dongwen Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030002, China
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
| | - Chunxi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- * E-mail: (DYZ); (CXW)
| | - David Y. Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DYZ); (CXW)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are often detected after they have become metastatic. Using a novel protein array, we identified pathways important in SI-NET metastasis development in surgically resected patients. METHODS Paired primary tumors and liver metastases from 25 patients undergoing surgical resection for metastatic SI-NETs were harvested. Extracted proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel and multiplex immunoblots were performed with 136 antibodies. Significant Analysis of Microarray was used to select for differentially expressed proteins. A tissue microarray was constructed from 27 archived specimens and stained by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Comparing primary SI-NETs with matched normal small-bowel mucosa, 9 proteins were upregulated and cyclin E was downregulated. The SI-NET liver metastases demonstrated upregulation of P-ERK and p27 but downregulation of CDK2 and CDC25B. When comparing primary SI-NET with their paired liver metastases, cyclin E demonstrated a significant upregulation in the liver metastasis. Tissue microarray demonstrated higher p38 expression and lower Cdc 25b expression in SI-NETs versus liver metastases and confirmed higher expression of p27 in liver metastases versus normal liver. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have compared protein expression in paired primary and metastatic SI-NETs. Our findings reveal changes in a limited number of proteins, suggesting that these may be targets for therapy.
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18
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Global profiling of the signaling network of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Life Sci 2016; 147:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Guo HM, Sun YM, Zhang SX, Ju XL, Xie AY, Li J, Zou L, Sun XD, Li HL, Zheng Y. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 8-hydroxypiperidinylmethyl-baicalein (BA-j) as a novel selective CDK1 inhibitor in monkey. Fitoterapia 2015; 107:36-43. [PMID: 26474673 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is the only necessary CDK in the cell proliferation process and a new target in the research and development of anti-cancer drugs. 8-Hydroxypiperidinemethyl-baicalein (BA-j) is a Mannich base derivative of baicalein (BA) isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, as a novel selective CDK1 inhibitor. 12 metabolites of BA-j in the monkey urine were identified by LC-MS-MS and (1)H NMR. The major metabolic pathways of BA-j, by capturing oxygen free radicals ((.)O2(-)) and releasing peroxides (H2O2), are degraded into active intermediate metabolite dihydroflavonol, then into main metabolite M179 by Shiff reaction, second metabolite M264 by sulfation, trace amount of metabolite M559 by glucuronidation UGT1A9, and without metabolism by CYP3A4. The metabolic process of BA-j by regulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was related with BA-j selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Pharmacokinetics of 10mg/kg oral BA-j in monkey by HPLC-UV was best fitted to a two-compartment open model, with t1/2(β) of 4.2h, Cmax 25.4μM at 2h, and Vd 12.6L, meaning the drug distributing widely in body fluids with no special selectivity to certain tissues, and being able to permeate through the blood-brain barrier. The protein binding rate of BA-j was 91.8%. BA-j has excellent druggability for oral administration or injection, and it may be developed into a novel anti-cancer drug as a selective CDK1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Ju
- College of Vocational and Technical, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ai-Yun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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20
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Zhang S, Bao Y, Ju X, Li K, Shang H, Ha L, Qian Y, Zou L, Sun X, Li J, Wang Q, Fan Q. BA-j as a novel CDK1 inhibitor selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells by regulating ROS. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13626. [PMID: 26330167 PMCID: PMC4557050 DOI: 10.1038/srep13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is the only necessary CDK in cell proliferation and a novel target in the development of anticancer drugs. 8-Hydroxypiperidinemethyl-baicalein (BA-j) is a novel selective CDK1 inhibitor with broad spectrum anti-cancer activity (IC50 12.3 μM) and 2 tumor xenografts. Because of the differential mechanisms controlling redox-states in normal and cancer cells, BA-j can capture oxygen free radicals (·O2−) and selectively increase the level of H2O2 in cancer cells, thereby specifically oxidize and activate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway bypassing the extrinsic death receptor pathway, thus inducing apoptosis in cancer cells rather than in normal cells. BA-j is different from cytotoxic anticancer drugs which can activate both the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and the extrinsic death receptor pathway, and therefore harm normal cells while killing cancer cells. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation suggest that BA-j may be developed into a novel anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongming Bao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiulan Ju
- College of Vocational and Technical, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Shang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lisha Ha
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Hu B, Wang SS, Du Q. Traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma: From bench to bedside. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1209-1232. [PMID: 26019736 PMCID: PMC4438495 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i9.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes (Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
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22
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Zhao J, Du F, Luo Y, Shen G, Zheng F, Xu B. The emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 involved in chemo/radioresistance in solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:623-33. [PMID: 25981453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic condition is a common feature that negatively impacts the efficacy of radio- and chemotherapy in solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1, 2, 3) predominantly regulate the adaptation to hypoxia at the cellular or organismal level. HIF-2 is one of the three known alpha subunits of HIF transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that HIF-1 is associated with chemotherapy failure. Accumulating evidence in recent years suggests that HIF-2 also contributes to chemo/radioresistance in solid tumors. Despite sharing similar structures, HIF-1α and HIF-2α had highly divergent and even opposing roles in solid tumors under hypoxic conditions. Recent studies have also implied that HIF-2α had a role in chemo/radioresistance through different mechanisms, at least partly, compared to HIF-1α. The present paper summarizes the function of HIF-2 in chemo/radioresistance in solid tumors as well as some of its novel mechanisms that contributed to this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuda Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China; Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fangchao Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Liu X, Ye F, Wu J, How B, Li W, Zhang DY. Signaling proteins and pathways affected by flavonoids in leukemia cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:238-49. [PMID: 25588108 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.989372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites that are found ubiquitously in plants and in the human diet. Our objective is to investigate the antiproliferative effects of flavonoids (baicalein, luteolin, genistein, apigenin, scutellarin, galangin, chrysin, and naringenin) toward leukemia cells (HL-60, NB4, U937, K562, Jurkat) as well as the relationship between their antileukemic potencies and molecular structures. At the proteomic level, we evaluate the effects of different flavonoids on the expression levels of various proteins using Protein Pathway Array (PPA) technology. Our results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of flavonoids toward various types of leukemia cells. The results of PPA illustrated that flavonoids, such as baicalein, genistein, and scutellarin affected different proteins in different leukemia cell lines. Cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin D1, Cyclin B1, p-CDC2, and p-RB were affected in different leukemia cells. Furthermore, we found that baicalein suppresses CDK4 and activates p-ERK in most leukemia cells; genistein mainly affects CDK4, p-ERK, p-CDC2, while scutellarin dysregulated the proteins, cell division control protein 42, Notch4, and XIAP. Collectively, a wide variety of dysregulation of key signaling proteins related to apoptosis and cell-cycle regulation contributes to the antileukemic properties of these flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Salhi A, Farhadian JA, Giles KM, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Silva IP, Bourque C, Yeh K, Chhangawala S, Wang J, Ye F, Zhang DY, Hernando-Monge E, Houvras Y, Osman I. RSK1 activation promotes invasion in nodular melanoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:704-16. [PMID: 25579842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The two major melanoma histologic subtypes, superficial spreading and nodular melanomas, differ in their speed of dermal invasion but converge biologically once they invade and metastasize. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that distinct molecular alterations arising in primary melanoma cells might persist as these tumors progress to invasion and metastasis. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 1 (RSK1; official name RPS6KA1) was significantly hyperactivated in human melanoma lines and metastatic tissues derived from nodular compared with superficial spreading melanoma. RSK1 was constitutively phosphorylated at Ser-380 in nodular but not superficial spreading melanoma and did not directly correlate with BRAF or MEK activation. Nodular melanoma cells were more sensitive to RSK1 inhibition using siRNA and the pharmacological inhibitor BI-D1870 compared with superficial spreading cells. Gene expression microarray analyses revealed that RSK1 orchestrated a program of gene expression that promoted cell motility and invasion. Differential overexpression of the prometastatic matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in metastatic nodular compared with metastatic superficial spreading melanoma was observed. Finally, using an in vivo zebrafish model, constitutive RSK1 activation increased melanoma invasion. Together, these data reveal a novel role for activated RSK1 in the progression of nodular melanoma and suggest that melanoma originating from different histologic subtypes may be biologically distinct and that these differences are maintained as the tumors invade and metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Salhi
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Joshua A Farhadian
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Keith M Giles
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ines P Silva
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Caitlin Bourque
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Karen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jinhua Wang
- New York University Langone Medical Center Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York, New York
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eva Hernando-Monge
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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25
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Shu C, Liu Z, Cui L, Wei C, Wang S, Tang JJ, Cui M, Lian G, Li W, Liu X, Xu H, Jiang J, Lee P, Zhang DY, He J, Ye F. Protein profiling of preeclampsia placental tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112890. [PMID: 25392996 PMCID: PMC4231077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multi-system disorder involved in pregnancy without an effective treatment except delivery. The precise pathogenesis of this complicated disorder is still not completely understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the alterations of protein expression and phosphorylations that are important in regulating placental cell function in preterm and term preeclampsia. Using the Protein Pathway Array, 38 proteins in placental tissues were found to be differentially expressed between preterm preeclampsia and gestational age matched control, while 25 proteins were found to be expressed differentially between term preeclampsia and matched controls. Among these proteins, 16 proteins and their associated signaling pathways overlapped between preterm and term preeclampsia, suggesting the common pathogenesis of two subsets of disease. On the other hand, many proteins are uniquely altered in either preterm or term preeclampsia and correlated with severity of clinical symptoms and outcomes, therefore, providing molecular basis for these two subsets of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the expression levels of some of these proteins correlated with neonatal small for gestational age (PAI-1 and PAPP-A) and adverse outcomes (Flt-1) in women with preterm preeclampsia. These proteins could potentially be used as candidate biomarkers for predicting outcomes of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zitao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lifeng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Department of Medicine Bioinformatics Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Computer Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Jenny Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guodong Lian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiufen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and New York University Cancer Institute, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Y. Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (JH); (FY)
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (FY)
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Gahoi N, Ray S, Srivastava S. Array-based proteomic approaches to study signal transduction pathways: prospects, merits and challenges. Proteomics 2014; 15:218-31. [PMID: 25266292 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Very often dysfunctional aspects of various signalling networks are found to be associated with human diseases and disorders. The major characteristics of signal transduction pathways are specificity, amplification of the signal, desensitisation and integration, which is accomplished not solely, but majorly by proteins. Array-based profiling of protein-protein and other biomolecular interactions is a versatile approach, which holds immense potential for multiplex interactome mapping and provides an inclusive representation of the signal transduction pathways and networks. Protein microarrays such as analytical protein microarrays (antigen-antibody interactions, autoantibody screening), RP microarrays (interaction of a particular ligand with all the possible targets in cell), functional protein microarrays (protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions) are implemented for various applications, including analysis of protein interactions and their significance in signalling cascades. Additionally, successful amalgamation of the array-based approaches with different label-free detection techniques allows real-time analysis of interaction kinetics of multiple interaction events simultaneously. This review discusses the prospects, merits and limitations of different variants of array-based techniques and their promising applications for studying the modifications and interactions of biomolecules, and highlights the studies associated with signal transduction pathways and their impact on disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gahoi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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Park HS, Park KI, Hong GE, Nagappan A, Lee HJ, Kim EH, Lee WS, Shin SC, Seo ON, Won CK, Cho JH, Kim G. Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi methanol extracts inhibits metastasis via the Forkhead Box M1 activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:847-851. [PMID: 24910406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, commonly known as skullcaps, and it has been widely used as traditional therapeutic herb in several eastern Asia including Korea, China and Japan because of its remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Our study focuses on the anti-metastatic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was examined for identification of its composition by HPLC-MS/MS. The extract was evaluated for the anti-metastasis activity using HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells via immunoblotting and RT-PCR. For mechanical study, specific Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) vector was transfected to HepG2 cells. RESULTS Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi potentially inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells dose dependently. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi decreased metastasis through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and FOXM1 activities at the transcription and translation levels. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a potent chemotherapeutic agent against HCC. Its clinical use guarantee for further study and individual flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Soo Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Arulkumar Nagappan
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - On Nuri Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kil Won
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Cho
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - GonSup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chen W, Ye F, Cui M, Sikora AG, Wang X, Wang P, Cui X, Guo X, Zhu W, Zhang DY. Protein marker profiling in different T classification in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:357-65. [PMID: 24753215 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of specific biomarkers related to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) will be helpful in early detection and determination of reasonable treatment options, which are crucial for the prognosis of patients with laryngeal SCC. The purpose of this study was to profile the protein markers that can be used for diagnosis and prognosis of laryngeal SCC and to observe laryngeal SCC progression with distinct stages of malignant transformation. METHODS Two hundred twenty-five proteins were tested in 84 pairs of tumors and adjacent nontumor mucosa samples using protein pathway arrays (PPAs). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) enrichment analysis was performed and protein expression profiles in different T classification were mapped by grid analysis of time-series expression (GATE). RESULTS Among 16 proteins differently expressed between tumors and normal tissues, we selected 9 proteins (TTF-1, CDK2, Eg5, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], Bcl-xL, 14-3-3β, p27, SRC-1, cytokeratin 18) as markers for classification. From the IPA analysis, we observed a more malignant transformation from T3 to T4 at the protein level and described the changing patterns of the proteins' expression in this progression. JAK2, keratin 10, and IL-3Rα were identified as markers for prognosis. The risk model based on histological grade, T classification, N classification, JAK2, and IL-3Rα can predict the prognosis with 85.5% accuracy. CONCLUSION This study indicated that dysregulated signaling proteins can be selected as useful biomarkers for tumor classification and predicting the outcome in patients with laryngeal SCC. The changing patterns of the proteins' expression in different stages were related to the more malignant transformation and further studies will focus on the role of these proteins in laryngeal SCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Protein profiling of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1343-54. [PMID: 24589339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is an initiating factor in the development of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer can be divided into two groups on the basis of H. pylori serological status; seropositive H. pylori status predicts favorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. By using the protein pathway array, we identified 20 differentially expressed proteins in primary gastric cancer tissues between the H. pylori-seropositive and H. pylori-seronegative groups. Our results indicate that both brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated kinase 1 and calpastatin are favorable prognostic factors in H. pylori-seropositive gastric cancer patients. In contrast, dachshund homolog 1 is a favorable prognostic factor in H. pylori-seronegative gastric cancer patients. Different signaling pathways were found to be altered between H. pylori-seropositive and H. pylori-seronegative gastric cancer, which may account for the different tumorigenesis and outcomes between these two subsets of patients.
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Lin MG, Liu LP, Li CY, Zhang M, Chen Y, Qin J, Gu YY, Li Z, Wu XL, Mo SL. Scutellaria Extract Decreases the Proportion of Side Population Cells in a Myeloma Cell Line by Down-regulating the Expression of ABCG2 Protein. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:7179-86. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yu H, Lin CC, Li YY, Zhao Z. Dynamic protein interaction modules in human hepatocellular carcinoma progression. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 5:S2. [PMID: 24564909 PMCID: PMC4029569 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s5-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiles have been frequently integrated with the human protein interactome to uncover functional modules under specific conditions like disease state. Beyond traditional differential expression analysis, differential co-expression analysis has emerged as a robust approach to reveal condition-specific network modules, with successful applications in a few human disease studies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often interrelated with the Hepatitis C virus, typically develops through multiple stages. A comprehensive investigation of HCC progression-specific differential co-expression modules may advance our understanding of HCC's pathophysiological mechanisms. Results Compared with differentially expressed genes, differentially co-expressed genes were found more likely enriched with Hepatitis C virus binding proteins and cancer-mutated genes, and they were clustered more densely in the human reference protein interaction network. These observations indicated that a differential co-expression approach could outperform the standard differential expression network analysis in searching for disease-related modules. We then proposed a differential co-expression network approach to uncover network modules involved in HCC development. Specifically, we discovered subnetworks that enriched differentially co-expressed gene pairs in each HCC transition stage, and further resolved modules with coherent co-expression change patterns over all HCC developmental stages. Our identified network modules were enriched with HCC-related genes and implicated in cancer-related biological functions. In particular, APC and YWHAZ were highlighted as two most remarkable genes in the network modules, and their dynamic interaction partnership was resolved in HCC development. Conclusions We demonstrated that integration of differential co-expression with the protein interactome could outperform the traditional differential expression approach in discovering network modules of human diseases. In our application of this approach to HCC's gene expression data, we successfully identified subnetworks with marked differential co-expression in individual HCC stage transitions and network modules with coherent co-expression change patterns over all HCC developmental stages. Our results shed light on subtle HCC mechanisms, including temporal activation and dismissal of pivotal functions and dynamic interaction partnerships of key genes.
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Wang J, Chen X, Zhou Z, Li J, Sun H. The Inhibitory Effect of 3 β -Hydroxy-12-oleanen-27-oic Acid on Growth and Motility of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells through JNK and Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:685159. [PMID: 24379889 PMCID: PMC3860155 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
3 β -Hydroxy-12-oleanen-27-oic acid (ATA) was a main antitumor active triterpene from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis. In this study, we investigated its effects on growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, motility/invasion, and metatasis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and antimetastasis of B16-F10 melanoma in mice in vivo, as well as its molecular mechanisms of action using a high-throughput Cancer Pathway Finder PCR Array. ATA could not only induce tumor cells into apoptosis through the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, arrest HepG2 cells in G2/M phase, but also suppress the invasion and metastasis abilities of HepG2 cells and the lung metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma in mice. PCR array assay revealed that ATA upregulated 9 genes including CDKN1A, MDM2, CFLAR (CASPER), TNFRSF10B (DR5), c-Jun, IL-8, THBS1, SERPINB5 (maspin), and TNF and downregulated 8 genes such as CCNE1, AKT, ANGPT1, TEK, TGFBR1, MMP9, U-PA, and S100A4. These results indicate that ATA could exert antitumor effects through activating JNK/MAPK and suppressing AKT signal transduction pathways and that ATA might be a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Sun Y, Wang D, Ye F, Hu DN, Liu X, Zhang L, Gao L, Song E, Zhang DY. Elevated cell proliferation and VEGF production by high-glucose conditions in Müller cells involve XIAP. Eye (Lond) 2013; 27:1299-307. [PMID: 23928877 PMCID: PMC3831121 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Müller cells have important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy by promoting cell proliferation and inducing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) under hyperglycemic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the potential mechanism of Müller cell proliferation and VEGF production due to high-glucose conditions. METHODS Primary cultured rat Müller cells were incubated with medium containing variable concentrations of glucose and/or embelin, a specific inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), for 72 h. The proliferation of Müller cells was assessed by the MTT assay. The expression and/or phosphorylation of 146 proteins were assessed using protein pathway array. RESULTS High concentrations of glucose-induced Müller cell proliferation and altered expression and/or phosphorylation of 47 proteins that have been identified to have key roles in several important signaling pathways (XIAP, VEGF, HIF1α, NFκB, etc) and are involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, or apoptosis. However, Müller cell alterations induced by high-glucose conditions were counteracted by the XIAP inhibitor embelin, and 26 proteins/phosphorylations (out of 47) were restored to their normal levels. Nine proteins, including NFκB p65, p-p38, tumor necrosis factor-α, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, CREB, IL-1β, HCAM, estrogen receptor-α, and p-Stat3, were involved in regulatory networks between XIAP and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that XIAP may be a potential regulator that can mediate a series of pathological changes induced by high-glucose conditions in Müller cells. Therefore, embelin could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - F Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D-N Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Tissue Culture Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - D Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Wu X, Li Y, Wang J, Wen X, Marcus MT, Daniels G, Zhang DY, Ye F, Wang LH, Du X, Adams S, Singh B, Zavadil J, Lee P, Monaco ME. Long chain fatty Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 is a biomarker for and mediator of hormone resistance in human breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77060. [PMID: 24155918 PMCID: PMC3796543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) in breast cancer. Public databases were utilized to analyze the relationship between ACSL4 mRNA expression and the presence of steroid hormone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in both breast cancer cell lines and tissue samples. In addition, cell lines were utilized to assess the consequences of either increased or decreased levels of ACSL4 expression. Proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent growth and apoptosis were used as biological end points. Effects on mRNA expression and signal transduction pathways were also monitored. A meta-analysis of public gene expression databases indicated that ACSL4 expression is positively correlated with a unique subtype of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence of androgen receptor (AR) and therefore referred to as quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC). Results of experiments in breast cancer cell lines suggest that simultaneous expression of ACSL4 and a receptor is associated with hormone resistance. Forced expression of ACSL4 in ACSL4-negative, estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive MCF-7 cells resulted in increased growth, invasion and anchorage independent growth, as well as a loss of dependence on estrogen that was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of steroid hormone receptors. Sensitivity to tamoxifen, triacsin C and etoposide was also attenuated. Similarly, when HER2-positive, ACSL4-negative, SKBr3 breast cancer cells were induced to express ACSL4, the proliferation rate increased and the apoptotic effect of lapatinib was reduced. The growth stimulatory effect of ACSL4 expression was also observed in vivo in nude mice when MCF-7 control and ACSL4-expressing cells were utilized to induce tumors. Our data strongly suggest that ACSL4 can serve as both a biomarker for, and mediator of, an aggressive breast cancer phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Coenzyme A Ligases/genetics
- Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hormones/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Max T. Marcus
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Y. Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ling Hang Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xinxin Du
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Adams
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, United States of America
- *E-mail: (MM); (PL)
| | - Marie E. Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, United States of America
- *E-mail: (MM); (PL)
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Aberrant expression of signaling proteins in essential thrombocythemia. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gu Y, Wang H, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Qi L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Guo Z. Network analysis of genomic alteration profiles reveals co-altered functional modules and driver genes for glioblastoma. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:467-77. [PMID: 23344900 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of genetic alterations in human cancer genomes presents a major challenge to advancing our understanding of cancer mechanisms and identifying cancer driver genes. To tackle this heterogeneity problem, many approaches have been proposed to investigate genetic alterations and predict driver genes at the individual pathway level. However, most of these approaches ignore the correlation of alteration events between pathways and miss many genes with rare alterations collectively contributing to carcinogenesis. Here, we devise a network-based approach to capture the cooperative functional modules hidden in genome-wide somatic mutation and copy number alteration profiles of glioblastoma (GBM) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), where a module is a set of altered genes with dense interactions in the protein interaction network. We identify 7 pairs of significantly co-altered modules that involve the main pathways known to be altered in GBM (TP53, RB and RTK signaling pathways) and highlight the striking co-occurring alterations among these GBM pathways. By taking into account the non-random correlation of gene alterations, the property of co-alteration could distinguish oncogenic modules that contain driver genes involved in the progression of GBM. The collaboration among cancer pathways suggests that the redundant models and aggravating models could shed new light on the potential mechanisms during carcinogenesis and provide new indications for the design of cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Gu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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Li W, Ye F, Wang D, Sun X, Tong W, Lian G, Jiang J, Suo J, Zhang DY. Protein predictive signatures for lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1851-9. [PMID: 23011604 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node status remains one of most crucial indicators of gastric cancer prognosis and treatment planning. Current imaging methods have limited accuracy in predicting lymph node metastasis. We sought to identify protein markers in primary gastric cancer and to define a risk model to predict lymph node metastasis. The Protein Pathway Array (PPA) (initial selection) and Western blot (confirmation) were used to assess the protein expression in a total of 190 freshly frozen gastric cancer samples. The protein expression levels were compared between samples with lymph node metastasis (n = 73) and those without lymph node metastasis (n = 57) using PPA. There were 27 proteins differentially expressed between lymph node positive samples and lymph node negative samples. Five proteins (Factor XIII B, TFIIH p89, ADAM8, COX-2 and CUL-1) were identified as independent predictors of lymph node metastasis. Together with vascular/lymphatic invasion status, a risk score model was established to determine the risk of lymph node metastasis for each individual gastric cancer patient. The ability of this model to predict lymph node metastasis was further confirmed in a second cohort of gastric cancer patients (33 with and 27 without lymph node metastasis) using Western blot. This study indicated that some proteins differentially expressed in gastric cancer can be selected as clinically useful biomarkers. The risk score model is useful for determining patients' risk of lymph node metastasis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Yin F, Ye F, Tan L, Liu K, Xuan Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhang DY. Alterations of signaling pathways in muscle tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:861-70. [PMID: 22996383 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, manifests as progressive weakening of muscles. The diagnosis and prognosis of ALS are often unclear, so useful biomarkers are needed. METHODS Total proteins were extracted from muscle samples from 36 ALS, 17 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 36 normal individuals. The expression levels of 134 proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using protein pathway array analysis. RESULTS Seventeen proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and normal muscle, and 9 proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and SMA muscle. The low-level expression of Akt and Factor XIIIB correlates with unfavorable survival, and the risk score calculated based on these proteins predicts the survival of each individual patient. CONCLUSIONS Some proteins could be selected as clinically useful biomarkers. Specifically, Akt and Factor XIIIB were found to be promising biomarkers for estimating prognosis in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Liang RR, Zhang S, Qi JA, Wang ZD, Li J, Liu PJ, Huang C, Le XF, Yang J, Li ZF. Preferential inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by the flavonoid Baicalein through blocking MEK-ERK signaling. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:969-78. [PMID: 22684543 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein is a purified flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis or Scutellaria radix. Although previous studies have suggested that Baicalein possesses an in vitro anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity, its in vivo effects and mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. In this study, Baicalein at concentrations of 40-120 µM exhibited significant cytotoxicity to three hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines but marginal cytotoxicity to a normal liver cell line in vitro. Compared to a standard chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Baicalein had greater effect on HCC cells but less toxicity on normal liver cells. Treatment with Baicalein dramatically reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3. Blockade of Baicalein-induced apoptosis with a pan-caspase inhibitor partially attenuated Baicalein-induced growth inhibition in HCC. Baicalein treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth of HCC xenografts in mice. Induction of apoptosis was demonstrated in Baicalein-treated xenograft tumors by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Furthermore, Baicalein treatment dramatically decreased the levels of phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2 and Bad in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of human MEK1 partially blocked Baicalein-induced growth inhibition. Consequently, these findings suggest that Baicalein preferentially inhibits HCC tumor growth through inhibition of MEK-ERK signaling and by inducing intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P.R. China
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Regulation of a novel androgen receptor target gene, the cyclin B1 gene, through androgen-dependent E2F family member switching. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:2454-66. [PMID: 22508987 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06663-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant transformation of human prostatic epithelium is associated with the loss of androgen receptor (AR) in the surrounding stroma. However, the function and mechanisms of AR signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) stroma remain elusive. Here we report, by using proteomics pathway array analysis (PPAA), that androgen and its receptor inhibit the proliferation of prostate stromal cells through transcriptional suppression of cyclin B1, and we confirmed our findings at mRNA and protein levels using AR-negative or -positive primary prostate stromal cells. Furthermore, AR showed a negative correlation with cyclin B1 expression in stroma of human PCa samples in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify cyclin B1 as a bona fide AR target gene in prostate stromal cells. The negative regulation of cyclin B1 by AR is mediated through switching between E2F1 and E2F4 on the promoter of cyclin B1. E2F1 binds to the cyclin B1 promoter and maintains its expression and subsequent cell cycle progression in AR-negative stromal cells or AR-positive stromal cells when androgens are depleted. Upon stimulation with androgen in AR-positive stromal cells, E2F1 is displaced from the binding site by AR and replaced with E2F4, leading to the recruitment of the silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT)/histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) corepressor complex and repression of cyclin B1 at the chromatin level. The switch between E2F1 and E2F4 at the E2F binding site of the cyclin B1 promoter coincides with an androgen-dependent interaction between AR and E2F1 as well as the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of E2F4. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism for E2F factors in the regulation of cell cycle gene expression and cell cycle progression under the control of AR signaling.
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Che Y, Ye F, Xu R, Qing H, Wang X, Yin F, Cui M, Burstein D, Jiang B, Zhang DY. Co-expression of XIAP and cyclin D1 complex correlates with a poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1798-807. [PMID: 22429965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Despite improved diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor. The goal of this study was to identify key regulatory proteins and signaling pathways important for cell apoptosis and proliferation as biomarkers for prognostication and targeted therapy. Protein Pathway Array was applied to screen 38 signaling proteins and phosphoproteins in 12 paired HCC tumors and surrounding benign tissues and found that 20 of them, including XIAP, CDK4, CDK6, and Cyclin D1, were overexpressed in HCC tissues. Immunostaining results of XIAP, CDK4, and Cyclin D1 in an additional 59 HCC tissues showed that the expression of XIAP correlated with the expression of CDK4/Cyclin D1, and that the increased expression of these proteins correlated with poor overall survival in these patients. Further studies using the HCC Huh7 cell line transfected with XIAP siRNA or expression vector demonstrated that XIAP regulated the expression of CDK4, CDK6, and Cyclin D1 via NF-êB and PTEN pathways. Finally, inhibition of XIAP using embelin, a XIAP-specific small molecule, leads to an increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation via arrest at G1 phase. Taken together, XIAP is a central modulator regulating cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Therefore, XIAP together with cell cycle regulatory proteins can be used as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Che
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wong WW, Gabriel A, Maxwell GP, Gupta SC. Bleeding risks of herbal, homeopathic, and dietary supplements: a hidden nightmare for plastic surgeons? Aesthet Surg J 2012; 32:332-46. [PMID: 22395325 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x12438913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of complementary and alternative medicine has increased tremendously in the last two decades. Herbal products, homeopathic medicines, and dietary supplements are extremely popular and are available without a prescription (which likely contributes to their popularity). Despite their "natural" characteristics, these remedies have the potential to cause bleeding in patients who undergo surgery. The high use of these supplements among cosmetic surgery patients, coupled with increasing reports of hematomas associated with herbal and homeopathic medicines, prompted the authors to conduct a comprehensive review focused on bleeding risks of such products in an effort to raise awareness among plastic surgeons. This review focuses on 19 herbs, three herbal formulas, two herbal teas, and several other supplements that can cause bleeding perioperatively and postoperatively. In addition to being aware of such adverse effects, plastic surgeons must adequately screen all patients and educate them on the possible dangers associated with these treatments.
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Wang D, Ye F, Sun Y, Li W, Liu H, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Tong W, Gao L, Sun Y, Zhang W, Seetoe T, Lee P, Suo J, Zhang DY. Protein signatures for classification and prognosis of gastric cancer a signaling pathway-based approach. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1657-66. [PMID: 21854745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current methods have limited accuracy in predicting survival and stratifying patients with gastric cancer for appropriate treatment. We sought to identify protein signatures of gastric cancer for classification and prognostication. The Protein Pathway Array (initial study) and Western blot (confirmation) were used to assess the protein expression in a total of 199 fresh frozen gastric samples. There were 56 paired samples divided into a training set (n = 37) and a validation set (n = 19) for the identification of differentially expressed proteins between tumor and normal tissues. There were 56 tumor samples used to identify proteins correlating with tumor and nodal staging. All 93 tumor samples were used to identify candidate proteins for predicting survival. We confirmed the survival prediction of the candidate proteins by using an additional cohort of gastric cancer samples (n = 50). There were 22 proteins differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues. Nine proteins were selected to build the predictor to classify normal and tumor samples. Ten proteins were differentially expressed among different T stages and four of these were associated with invasive behavior. An additional four proteins were associated with lymph node metastasis. Two proteins were identified as independent risk factors for overall survival. This study indicated that some dysregulated signaling proteins could be selected as useful biomarkers for tumor classification and predicting outcome in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang H, Huang M, Zhang DY, Zhang F. Global profiling of signaling networks: study of breast cancer stem cells and potential regulation. Oncologist 2011; 16:966-79. [PMID: 21665913 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is overwhelming evidence that breast cancer may be driven by a small subset of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that display stem/progenitor cell properties. In the present study, we identified the rare population of BCSCs, the so-called side population (SP) cells, using flow cytometry. Then, we used microarray analysis to study the differential gene expression profiles between SP and non-SP cells. Sixty-three probe sets showed a more than fourfold difference. Next, we compared the levels of proteins with Pathway Array using 154 antibodies, focusing on the proteins and phosphorylation sites that differed among SP cells, malignant mammary cells, and breast cancer tissues. Our results revealed that 40 proteins and phosphorylation sites were more than 1.5-fold different in SP cells than in non-SP cells. By comparing SP cells, MCF7 cells, and nontumorigenic MCF10A cells, we found 12 proteins that were significantly upregulated in SP cells; these proteins-cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor 1, mesothelin, thyroid transcription factor 1, phosphorylated (p)-focal adhesion kinase, p38, Bad, p-CREB, p-protein kinase C (PKC)δ, Wee1, cell division cycle 42, and Twist-were more likely to play important roles in the signaling regulation of BCSCs. Further, 16 proteins and phosphoproteins showed differential expression in SP cells and tumor tissues. β-catenin, p-PKCα, and p-CREB were upregulated in both SP cells and breast tumors. Finally, we filtered the differential expression proteins, summarized the pathway interactions of these proteins, and rebuilt Path-Net in order to determine molecular mechanisms and core regulators. This process will allow us to identify signature patterns and mechanisms of signaling networks in BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
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Wang H, Gillis A, Zhao C, Lee E, Wu J, Zhang F, Ye F, Zhang DY. Crocidolite asbestos-induced signal pathway dysregulation in mesothelial cells. Mutat Res 2011; 723:171-6. [PMID: 21570478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is a rare cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Current therapies have limited efficacy and the prognosis is dismal. A better understanding of the underlying mechanism of asbestos-induced malignant transformation will help to identify molecular markers that can be used for diagnosis, prognosis or therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are (1) to identify altered levels of proteins and phosphoproteins and (2) to establish the interactive network among those proteins in crocidolite-treated benign mesothelial cells and in malignant mesothelial cells. METHODS Total cellular proteins were extracted from benign mesothelial cells, crocidolite-treated mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelial cells. The expression levels of 112 proteins and phosphoproteins were analyzed using a multiplex immunoblot-based assay followed by computational analysis (Protein Pathway Array). RESULTS A total of 16 proteins/phosphoproteins (7 down-regulated and 9 up-regulated) were altered after exposure of benign mesothelial cells to crocidolite asbestos and the majority of them are involved in DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. In malignant mesothelial cells, 21 proteins/phosphoproteins (5 down-regulated and 16 up-regulated) were dysregulated and majority of them are involved in EGFR/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Within the regulatory network affected by crocidolite, p53 and NF-κB complex are the most important regulators. There was substantial overlap in the regulatory networks between the asbestos-treated cells and malignant mesothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Asbestos exposure has extensive effects on regulatory pathways and networks. These altered proteins may be used in the future to identify those with a high risk for developing malignant mesothelioma and as targets for preventing this deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Castro J, Ribó M, Navarro S, Nogués MV, Vilanova M, Benito A. A human ribonuclease induces apoptosis associated with p21WAF1/CIP1 induction and JNK inactivation. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:9. [PMID: 21223552 PMCID: PMC3025972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ribonucleases are promising agents for use in anticancer therapy. Among the different ribonucleases described to be cytotoxic, a paradigmatic example is onconase which manifests cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, presents synergism with several kinds of anticancer drugs and is currently in phase II/III of its clinical trial as an anticancer drug against different types of cancer. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of PE5, a variant of human pancreatic ribonuclease carrying a nuclear localization signal, has been investigated and compared to that of onconase. Methods Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTT method and by the tripan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, caspase enzymatic detection and confocal microscopy. Cell cycle phase analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of different proteins was analyzed by western blot. Results We show that the cytotoxicity of PE5 is produced through apoptosis, that it does not require the proapoptotic activity of p53 and is not prevented by the multiple drug resistance phenotype. We also show that PE5 and onconase induce cell death at the same extent although the latter is also able to arrest the cell growth. We have compared the cytotoxic effects of both ribonucleases in the NCI/ADR-RES cell line by measuring their effects on the cell cycle, on the activation of different caspases and on the expression of different apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins. PE5 increases the number of cells in S and G2/M cell cycle phases, which is accompanied by the increased expression of cyclin E and p21WAF1/CIP1 together with the underphosphorylation of p46 forms of JNK. Citotoxicity of onconase in this cell line does not alter the cell cycle phase distribution and it is accompanied by a decreased expression of XIAP Conclusions We conclude that PE5 kills the cells through apoptosis associated with the p21WAF1/CIP1 induction and the inactivation of JNK. This mechanism is significantly different from that found for onconase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n E-17071 Girona, Spain
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Clinical and antibacterial effect of an anti-inflammatory toothpaste formulation with Scutellaria baicalensis extract on experimental gingivitis. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:909-13. [PMID: 20936314 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of the study to evaluate the clinical and antibacterial effect of a dentifrice containing an anti-inflammatory plant extract (SB) versus a placebo (PLA) using an experimental gingivitis model. Forty subjects (20 per group) discontinued all oral hygiene measures for four teeth for a period of 21 days using a shield (to generate a possible gingivitis) while they could brush the other teeth normally. After brushing, the shield was removed and teeth were treated with the randomly assigned toothpaste slurry for 1 min. Löe and Silness gingival index (GI), Silness and Löe plaque index (PI), and biofilm vitality (VF%) were assessed at days 0, 14, and 21, respectively. Subjects of the PLA group developed a GI of 0.82 ± 0.342 (day 14) and 1.585 ± 0.218 (day 21), while the data of the SB group were significantly reduced (0.355 ± 0.243 and 0.934 ± 0.342, p < 0.001). While PI was significantly reduced at all follow-up appointments, reductions in VF reached the level of significance only at day 21. The results suggest that the new toothpaste formulation was able to significantly reduce the extent of gingivitis, plaque development, and vital flora.
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Zhang DY, Ye F, Gao L, Liu X, Zhao X, Che Y, Wang H, Wang L, Wu J, Song D, Liu W, Xu H, Jiang B, Zhang W, Wang J, Lee P. Proteomics, pathway array and signaling network-based medicine in cancer. Cell Div 2009; 4:20. [PMID: 19863813 PMCID: PMC2780394 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease that results from dysregulated normal cellular signaling networks caused by genetic, genomic and epigenetic alterations at cell or tissue levels. Uncovering the underlying protein signaling network changes, including cell cycle gene networks in cancer, aids in understanding the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis and identifies the characteristic signaling network signatures unique for different cancers and specific cancer subtypes. The identified signatures can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment. During the past several decades, the available technology to study signaling networks has significantly evolved to include such platforms as genomic microarray (expression array, SNP array, CGH array, etc.) and proteomic analysis, which globally assesses genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic alterations in cancer. In this review, we compared Pathway Array analysis with other proteomic approaches in analyzing protein network involved in cancer and its utility serving as cancer biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic target identification. With the advent of bioinformatics, constructing high complexity signaling networks is possible. As the use of signaling network-based cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is anticipated in the near future, medical and scientific communities should be prepared to apply these techniques to further enhance personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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