1
|
Hussain Y, Singh J, Meena A, Sinha RA, Luqman S. Escin-sorafenib synergy up-regulates LC3-II and p62 to induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:840-856. [PMID: 37853854 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common solid cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Sorafenib is the first drug used to treat HCC but its effectiveness needs to be improved, and it is important to find ways to treat cancer that combine sorafenib with other drugs. Synergistic therapies lower effective drug doses and side effects while enhancing the anticancer effect. PURPOSE In the present study, the therapeutic potential of sorafenib in combination with escin and its underlying mechanism in targeting liver cancer has been established. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The IC50 of sorafenib and escin against HepG2, PLC/PRF5 and Huh7 cell lines were determined using MTT assay. The combination index, dose reduction index, isobologram and concentrations producing synergy were evaluated using the Chou-Talaly algorithm. The sub-effective concentration of sorafenib and escin was selected to analyze cytotoxic synergistic potential. Cellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin V and cell cycle were evaluated using a flow-cytometer, and autophagy biomarkers were determined using western blotting. Moreover, autophagy was knocked down using ATG5 siRNA to confirm its role. A DEN-induced liver cancer rat model was developed to check the synergy of sorafenib and escin. RESULTS Different concentrations of escin reduced the IC50 of sorafenib in HepG2, PLC/PRF5 and Huh7 cell lines. Chou-Talaly algorithm determined cytotoxic synergistic concentrations of sorafenib and escin in these cell lines. Mechanistically, this combination over-expressed p62 and LC-II, reflecting autophagy block and induced late apoptosis, further reconfirmed by ATG5 knockdown. Sorafenib and escin combination reduced HCC serum biomarker α-feto protein (α-FP) by 1.5 folds. This combination restricted liver weight, tumor number and size, also, conserved morphological features of liver cells. The combination selectively targeted the G0 /G1 phase of cancer cells. CONCLUSION Escin and sorafenib combination potentially up-regulates p62 to block autophagy to induce late apoptosis in liver cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Hussain
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang XK, Zhang XD, Luo K, Yu L, Huang S, Liu ZY, Li RF. Comprehensive analysis of candidate signatures of long non-coding RNA LINC01116 and related protein-coding genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:216. [PMID: 37340445 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a long-term malignancy that causes high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Notably, long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been identified as candidate targets for malignancy treatments. METHODS LncRNA LINC01116 and its Pearson-correlated genes (PCGs) were identified and analyzed in HCC patients. The diagnostic and prognostic value of the lncRNA was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Further, we explored the target drugs of LINC01116 for clinical application. Relationships between immune infiltration and PCGs, methylation and PCGs were explored. The diagnostic potentials were then validated by Oncomine cohorts. RESULTS LINC01116 and the PCG OLFML2B are differentially and highly expressed in tumor tissues (both P ≤ 0.050). We found that LINC01116, TMSB15A, PLAU, OLFML2B, and MRC2 have diagnostic potentials (all AUC ≥ 0.700, all P ≤ 0.050) while LINC01116 and TMSB15A have prognostic significance (both adjusted P ≤ 0.050). LINC01116 was enriched in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling pathway, mesenchyme morphogenesis, etc. After that, candidate target drugs with potential clinical significance were identified: Thiamine, Cromolyn, Rilmenidine, Chlorhexidine, Sulindac_sulfone, Chloropyrazine, and Meprylcaine. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed that MRC2, OLFML2B, PLAU, and TMSB15A are negatively associated with the purity but positively associated with the specific cell types (all P < 0.050). Analysis of promoter methylation demonstrated that MRC2, OLFML2B, and PLAU have differential and high methylation levels in primary tumors (all P < 0.050). Validation results of the differential expressions and diagnostic potential of OLFML2B (Oncomine) were consistent with those obtained in the TCGA cohort (P < 0.050, AUC > 0.700). CONCLUSIONS Differentially expressed LINC01116 could be a candidate diagnostic and an independent prognostic signature in HCC. Besides, its target drugs may work for HCC therapy via the VEGF receptor signaling pathway. Differentially expressed OLFML2B could be a diagnostic signature involved in HCC via immune infiltrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Wang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kai Luo
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Long Yu
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Feng Li
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Salmen SH, Awad Alahmadi T, Priya Veeraraghavan V, Krishna Mohan S, Natarajan N, Subramanian S. Anticancer effect of Selenium/Chitosan/Polyethylene glycol/Allyl isothiocyanate nanocomposites against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3354-3365. [PMID: 35844425 PMCID: PMC9280227 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nano-based drug delivery systems have shown several advantages in cancer treatment like specific targeting of cancer cells, good pharmacokinetics, and lesser adverse effects. Liver cancer is a fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Objective The present study focusses to formulate the selenium (S)/chitosan (C)/polyethylene glycol (Pg)/allyl isothiocyanate (AI) nanocomposites (SCPg-AI-NCs) and assess its therapeutic properties against the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and tumor markers. Methodology The SCPg-AI-NCs were synthesized by ionic gelation technique and characterized by various characterization techniques. The liver cancer was induced to the rats by injecting a DEN (200 mg/kg) on the 8th day of experiment. Then DEN-induced rats treated with 10 mg/kg of formulated SCPg-AI-NCs an hour before DEN administration for 16 weeks. The 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content, albumin, globulin, and total protein were examined by standard methods. The level of glutathione (GSH), vitamin-C & -E, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were examined using assay kits. The liver marker enzymes i.e., alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate tansaminase (AST), γ-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Bax, and Bcl-2 levels, and caspase-3&9 activities was examined using assay kits and the liver histopathology was assessed microscopically by hematoxylin and eosin staining method. The effect of formulated SCPg-AI-NCs on the viability and apoptotic cell death on the HepG2 cells were examined using MTT and dual staining assays, respectively. Results The results of different characterization studies demonstrated the formation of SCPg-AI-NCs with tetragonal shape, narrowed distribution, and size ranging from 390 to 450 nm. The formulated SCPg-AI-NCs treated liver cancer rats indicated the reduced levels of 8-OHdG, albumin, globulin, and total protein. The SCPg-AI-NCs treatment appreciably improved the GSH, vitamin-C & -E contents, and SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activities in the serum of liver cancer rats. The SCPg-AI-NCs treatment remarkably reduced the liver marker enzyme activities in the DEN-induced rats. The SCPg-AI-NCs treatment decreased the AFP and CEA contents and enhanced the Bax and caspase 3&9 activities in the DEN-induced rats. The SCPg-AI-NCs effectively decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. Conclusion The present findings suggested that the formulated SCPg-AI-NCs remarkably inhibited the DEN-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats. These findings provide an evidence that SCPg-AI-NCs can be a promising anticancer nano-drug in the future to treat the liver carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Saad Alhar K, Afzal M, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Hadal Alot N, Khulaif Al S, Zafar A, K. Alruwai N. Protective Effect of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Dihydrofolate Reductase Against Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.354.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Li T, Yang G, Hao Q, Zhang X, Zhang X. Daphnetin Ameliorates the Expansion of Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Reduction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:575-585. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- The Second Ward of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin City
| | - Gang Yang
- The Second Ward of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin City
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- The Second Ward of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin City
| | - Xiong Zhang
- The Second Ward of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin City
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
In vivo Study of a Newly Synthesized Chromen-4-one Derivative as an Antitumor Agent against HCC. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:980-989. [PMID: 34698995 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromenes are a wide group of natural compounds that can be synthesized chemically. The chromen-4-one nucleus acts as a skeleton for varieties of additional active groups that makes the chromene activity vary between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. In the present study, a newly synthesized chromene compound exhibits different behaviors other than anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that it is the first time that a member of chromen-4-one compound can control the cancer progress. Inflammation is the first step in tumor development where the severity grade can potentiate tumor growth and progression. In many tumors, pro-inflammatory genes record high expression level such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). These pro-inflammatory factors act as rate limiting steps in tumor initiation, and controlling its expression acts as an early therapeutic way to control the tumor proliferation. The chromone derivatives have biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. METHODS In the present study, hepatocellular cancer (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats and then treated with the new chromene derivative and the parameters TNF-α, VEGF, p53, Cyt C, MMP-9, Bcl2, and Bax were measured. RESULTS The treatment strategy Ch compound is to downregulate pro-inflammatory gene expression of early genes as TNF-α as well as VEGF and subsequently control other factors such as p53, Cyt C, and MMP-9. Also, retrieve the balance between Bcl2 and Bax proteins in DEN-induced HCC in rats. CONCLUSION The ability of the new Ch derivative to control the primary initiators of HCC such as TNF-α offers this derivative an anti-tumor activity and encourages further researches to follow and monitor its effect on the molecular level.
Collapse
|
7
|
Farghaly ME, Khowailed AA, Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Gaber SS, Ashour H. Thymoquinone Potentiated the Anticancer Effect of Cisplatin on Hepatic Tumorigenesis by Modulating Tissue Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic GRP78/CHOP Signaling. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:278-287. [PMID: 33533291 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1879880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) combined with Cisplatin may augment its anticancer effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), through oxidative stress mitigation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein modulation. Fifty adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned into five equal experimental groups (n = 10); 1) Control, 2) diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver tumorigenesis model (HCC), 3) Cisplatin (2 mg.kg-1ip) treated rats, 4) Thymoquinone treated group (20 mg.kg-1oral), and 5) group treated with both drugs as in Groups 3 and 4. Treatment regimens started following model confirmation and continued for 4 weeks. In the HCC model, we detected elevated ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) and reduced C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptosis that was accompanied by the elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) marker and deteriorated liver functions. Our original results indicated that Thymoquinone potentiated the pro-apoptotic effect of cisplatin by modulating GRP78/CHOP signaling. Cisplatin/TQ reduced the elevated GRP78 and induced CHOP-mediated apoptosis in the diseased liver tissues compared to the HCC and Cisplatin treated groups. Cisplatin/TQ combination normalized AFP levels and improved liver functions compared to both HCC and cisplatin groups alone. In conclusion, Thymoquinone enhanced the efficacy of Cisplatin in HCC treatment by modulating the GRP78/CHOP/caspase-3 pathway. Thymoquinone is recommended to achieve greater therapeutic benefits and reduce the cisplatin hepatotoxicity in HCC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Eid Farghaly
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Akef Abdelhalim Khowailed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Safy Salah Gaber
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hosny S, Sahyon H, Youssef M, Negm A. Oleanolic Acid Suppressed DMBA-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis through Induction of Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:968-982. [PMID: 32519911 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1776887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals appeared as a rich source of efficient and safe agents against many diseases like cancer. Various herbal sources are rich in oleanolic acid (OA). The scope of this study was to assess the biochemical and molecular mechanisms implicated in the ameliorative potency of OA against DMBA-induced liver carcinogenesis. Forty-eight male albino mice were assigned randomly to five groups (eight mice each) as follows: control healthy group, olive oil group, OA group, DMBA group, and DMBA with OA. Apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis were investigated in the tissue samples. Histopathological examination was carried out as well as liver enzymes activity and other hepatic antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers. The treatment with OA effectively suppressed the DMBA-initiated liver carcinogenesis via modulation of antioxidant status, induction of apoptosis and autophagy through modulating the expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Beclin-1, inhibiting angiogenesis (VEGF), proliferation (PCNA), and improved liver function and histological picture with a reduction in AFP level. Additionally, OA applies its antitumor effects by inhibition of proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and Cox-2) associated with DMBA administration. The present study shows that OA treatment efficiently suppressed the DMBA-initiated liver carcinogenesis through induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy and modulating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Hosny
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Sahyon
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Magdy Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr Negm
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahasa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roshankhah S, Salahshoor M, Jalili C, Abdolmaleki A. Pentoxifylline modulation hepatotoxicity and apoptosis induced by nitrosamine in rats. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_54_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|