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Bodgi L, Bou-Gharios J, Azzi J, Challita R, Feghaly C, Baalbaki K, Kharroubi H, Chhade F, Geara F, Abou-Kheir W, Ayoub Z. Effect of bisphosphonates and statins on the in vitro radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:171-184. [PMID: 38151641 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage breast cancer is usually treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. Acute skin toxicity is a common radiation-induced side effect experienced by many patients. Recently, a combination of bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid) and statins (pravastatin), or ZOPRA, was shown to radio-protect normal tissues by enhancing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair mechanism. However, there are no studies assessing the effect of ZOPRA on cancerous cells. The purpose of this study is to characterize the in vitro effect of the zoledronic acid (ZO), pravastatin (PRA), and ZOPRA treatment on the molecular and cellular radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS Two breast cancer cell lines, MDA MB 231 and MCF-7, were tested. Cells were treated with different concentrations of pravastatin (PRA), zoledronate (ZO), as well as their ZOPRA combination, before irradiation. Anti-γH2AX and anti-pATM immunofluorescence were performed to study DNA DSB repair kinetics. MTT assay was performed to assess cell proliferation and viability, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effect of the drugs on the cell cycle distribution. The clonogenic assay was used to assess cell survival. RESULTS ZO, PRA, and ZOPRA treatments were shown to increase the residual number of γH2AX foci for both cell lines. ZOPRA treatment was also shown to reduce the activity of the ATM kinase in MCF-7. ZOPRA induced a significant decrease in cell survival for both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that pretreatment with ZOPRA can decrease the radioresistance of breast cancer cells at the molecular and cellular levels. The fact that ZOPRA was previously shown to radioprotect normal tissues, makes it a good candidate to become a therapeutic window-widening drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Bodgi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joyce Azzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rafka Challita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Feghaly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khanom Baalbaki
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Kharroubi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Chhade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Geara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Zeina Ayoub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Wang S, Wu W, Liu Y, Xing E, Jiao J, Li L, Li J, Wang D. Curcumin Induces Apoptosis by Suppressing XRCC4 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1958-1967. [PMID: 37899756 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2274132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a chemical with various pharmacological activities used for cancer treatment. It inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inducing apoptosis. Here, the mechanism underlying the effect of curcumin on the apoptosis of HCC cells was studied. Cell counting kit-8 and plate cloning assays were used to assess the proliferation of HCC cells, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Annexin V/PI staining were used to analyze their apoptosis. HCC xenograft tumor models were established to validate anti-cancer effects of curcumin. Expression levels of XRCC4 protein in tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between XRCC4 expression and the prognosis of patients with HCC was analyzed by integrating publicly available gene expression data. Curcumin inhibited HCC cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, curcumin significantly promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that curcumin downregulated XRCC4 expression levels in HCC tissues. Prognosis of HCC patients with high XRCC4 expression was poorer than that of patients with low XRCC4 expression. Therefore, curcumin exerts anti-cancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis in HCC. This may be due to curcumin interference in the repair process of the nonhomologous DNA terminal link of HCC cells by downregulating XRCC4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wangqiu Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Enjia Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jingtong Jiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingmin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Shih KC, Chan HW, Wu CY, Chuang HY. Curcumin Enhances the Abscopal Effect in Mice with Colorectal Cancer by Acting as an Immunomodulator. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051519. [PMID: 37242761 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective cancer treatment. The abscopal effect, referring to the unexpected shrinkage observed in non-irradiated tumors after radiation therapy, is thought to be mediated by systemic immune activation. However, it has low incidence and is unpredictable. Here, RT was combined with curcumin to investigate how curcumin affects RT-induced abscopal effects in mice with bilateral CT26 colorectal tumors. Indium 111-labeled DOTA-anti-OX40 mAb was synthesized to detect the activated T cell accumulations in primary and secondary tumors correlating with the changes in protein expressions and tumor growth to understand the overall effects of the combination of RT and curcumin. The combination treatment caused the most significant tumor suppression in both primary and secondary tumors, accompanied by the highest 111In-DOTA-OX40 mAb tumor accumulations. The combination treatment elevated expressions of proapoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3) and proinflammatory proteins (granzyme B, IL-6, and IL-1β) in both primary and secondary tumors. Based on the biodistribution of 111In-DOTA-OX40 mAb, tumor growth inhibition, and anti-tumor protein expression, our findings suggest that curcumin could act as an immune booster to augment RT-induced anti-tumor and abscopal effects effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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Radiation Treatment Timing and Dose Delivery: Effects on Bladder Cancer Cells in 3D in Vitro Culture. RADIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation2040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While radical cystectomy remains the primary treatment of choice for bladder cancer, increased evidence supports the use of bladder-preservation strategies based on adjuvant radiotherapy. This highlights the need for a better understanding of bladder cancer radiosensitivity to different types of treatment deliveries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of treatment time, dose and fractionation on the number and sizes of grown three-dimensional (3D) bladder cancer spheres, and to assess the capacity of the linear-quadratic model in describing the response of cells cultured in 3D. 3D MatrigelTM-based cultures were employed to enrich for cancer stem cells (CSCs) from three human bladder cancer cell lines, RT4, T24 and UM-UC-3. Three single dose radiation treatments were performed at different time points after plating, and sphere number and sizes were assessed. Anti-CD44 immunofluorescence, clonogenic assay and anti-γH2AX staining were also performed to analyze the cell lines’ radiosensitivity. The radiosensitivity of spheres was dependent on the treatment timing after plating. Current linear quadratic dose fractionation models were shown to over-estimate radiosensitivity in 3D models. Our results showed the importance of treatment timing on the radio-response of bladder cancer spheres. We also demonstrated that bladder cancer spheres are more resistant to dose-fractionation than the estimation from the theoretical linear-quadratic model.
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Wang Z, He S, Jiang M, Li X, Chen N. Mechanism Study on Radiosensitization Effect of Curcumin in Bladder Cancer Cells Regulated by Filamin A. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221100997. [PMID: 35677349 PMCID: PMC9168873 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the radiosensitization effect of curcumin, a natural product with
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, in bladder cancer cells and identify the
specific role of FLNA gene in that process. Methods CCK-8 method was initially adopted to identify the proper interventional concentration
of curcumin. T24 bladder cancer cells were subjected to CCK-8, flow cytometry, and
colony formation assay to study the cell biological behaviors under different
interventions. γ-H2AX test was performed to test the level of damage in T24 cells.
RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to measure FLNA mRNA and protein levels. Results Low-dose curcumin (10, 20 μM) following X-ray exposure resulted in increased DNA
damage, augmented apoptosis, and reduced proliferation of T24 cells. Certain
radiosensitization was demonstrated when curcumin was applied at 10 μM. Additionally,
elevation of FLNA gene and protein levels was also indicated upon combination
treatment. Conclusion Low-dose curcumin has certain radiosensitization effect in bladder cancer, where FLNA
plays a certain regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Wang
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjun Jiang
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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