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Parial LL, Lam SC, Ho JYS, Suen LKP, Leung AYM. Public knowledge of the influence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors on dementia: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1395-1409. [PMID: 32633131 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1786801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review examined whether the general public are aware of the influence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) on dementia. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Scopus) were searched for studies published from 2009-2019, using the key terms "knowledge," "modifiable cardiovascular risk factors," and "dementia." Standardized critical appraisal instruments were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. RESULTS Of the 1,533 articles that were screened, 26 were included in this review. Modifiable CVRFs of dementia included behavioral factors (physical inactivity, poor dietary practices, high alcohol consumption, and heavy smoking) and medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity). Although the association between CVRFs and dementia was identified (pooled prevalence is 24-50%), overall knowledge about this relationship in the general public was low. Sociodemographic variables, such as higher education, better economic status, and prior contact with a person with dementia, positively influenced dementia risk knowledge. Ethnic minorities showed good awareness of dementia risk from cardiovascular-related conditions. CONCLUSION Despite dementia is considered as a public health priority by World Health Organization, knowledge of the modifiable CVRFs and dementia is low in the general population. Public health policymakers should develop appropriate educational programs and interventions to equip the communities and vulnerable groups with this understanding so that they can be prepared to reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lloyd Parial
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Lorna K P Suen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela Yee Man Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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GÖKTÜRK M, OKUYAN B, YAŞAYAN G. Yetişkinlerde Yaşlanma Karşıtı Ürün Kullanımının ve Yaşlanma Kaygısının Değerlendirilmesi. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.833739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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3
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Bellard AM, Cornelissen PL, Mian E, Cazzato V. The ageing body: contributing attitudinal factors towards perceptual body size estimates in younger and middle-aged women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:93-105. [PMID: 32562005 PMCID: PMC7929965 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over-estimation of body size, a core feature of eating disorders (EDs), has been well-documented both in young healthy and ED individuals. Yet, evidence that altered body perception might also affect older women is limited. Here, we examined whether attitudinal components of body image (i.e. the feelings an individual has about their body size and shape) might affect perceived actual and ideal body shape self-estimates in midlife, similarly to younger women. Thirty-two younger (mean age, 24.22 years) and 33 middle-aged (mean age, 53.79 years) women took part to a computerized body perception assessment of perceived, actual and ideal aspects of body image. Body mass index (BMI), societal and interpersonal aspects of appearance ideals, measured by means of Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4), and assessment of body uneasiness and concerns for specific body parts, measured by Body Uneasiness Test (BUT-A/B) scales, were also investigated. Younger and middle-aged women with larger BMI showed greater discrepancy in perceptual distortions from their perceived actual body size. However, middle-aged women with greater body part concerns overestimated their perceived body size, as opposed to younger women who were almost accurate. Unlike middle-aged women, younger women with higher body part concerns desired slimmer ideal body image than their perceived actual. Results suggest that distortions in the perceived actual and ideal body size self-estimates of younger and middle-aged women are best explained by a combination of BMI, body part concerns and the particular age group to which a participant belonged. In the future, a personalized approach for the assessment of women's perceptions and concerns of specific body areas during lifespan should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M. Bellard
- grid.4425.70000 0004 0368 0654School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Piers L. Cornelissen
- grid.42629.3b0000000121965555Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Emanuel Mian
- Emotifood Body Image & Eating Disorders Unit, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Cazzato
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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4
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Sabik NJ, Geiger AM, Thoma MV, Gianferante D, Rohleder N, Wolf JM. The effect of perceived appearance judgments on psychological and biological stress processes across adulthood. Stress Health 2019; 35:318-329. [PMID: 30882988 PMCID: PMC6711807 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Social self-preservation theory posits that stress is experienced when an aspect of an individual's identity has the potential to be negatively evaluated. Appearance is a central part of identity; however, little research has examined whether perceived appearance judgements are a source of social-evaluative stress. In addition, stress may be an explanatory link in the association between appearance perceptions and depressive symptoms. This study examined whether perceived appearance judgements were associated with increased stress and greater depressive symptoms among adults. Study 1 examined the associations between self-reported appearance judgements and cortisol stress responses in response to a laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) among 71 individuals aged 18-65. Study 2 assessed self-reported appearance judgements and depressive symptoms among 498 adults ages 18-65 via an online survey data collection. Appearance judgement was associated with a stronger cortisol response, higher self-reported stress, and greater depressive symptoms. Stress mediated all associations between appearance judgements and depressive symptoms and neither age nor gender moderated these associations. The findings suggest that appearance judgements contribute to psychological and biological stress processes and demonstrated that stress mediated the association between appearance judgements and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Sabik
- Health Studies Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI,Psychology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | | | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta M. Wolf
- Psychology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
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The Role of Food Antioxidants, Benefits of Functional Foods, and Influence of Feeding Habits on the Health of the Older Person: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040081. [PMID: 29143759 PMCID: PMC5745491 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview was directed towards understanding the relationship of brain functions with dietary choices mainly by older humans. This included food color, flavor, and aroma, as they relate to dietary sufficiency or the association of antioxidants with neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Impairment of olfactory and gustatory function in relation to these diseases was also explored. The role of functional foods was considered as a potential treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase as well as similar treatments based on herbs, spices and antioxidants therein. The importance of antioxidants for maintaining the physiological functions of liver, kidney, digestive system, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer has also been highlighted. Detailed discussion was focused on health promotion of the older person through the frequency and patterns of dietary intake, and a human ecology framework to estimate adverse risk factors for health. Finally, the role of the food industry, mass media, and apps were explored for today’s new older person generation.
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Yegiyan NS, Bailey RL. Food as Risk: How Eating Habits and Food Knowledge Affect Reactivity to Pictures of Junk and Healthy Foods. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 31:635-642. [PMID: 26503541 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.987098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how people respond to images of junk versus healthy food as a function of their eating habits and food knowledge. The experiment reported here proposed and tested the idea that those with unhealthy eating habits but highly knowledgeable about healthy eating would feel more positive and also more negative toward junk food images compared to images of healthy food because they may perceive them as risky--desirable but potentially harmful. The psychophysiological data collected from participants during their exposure to pictures of junk versus healthy food supported this idea. In addition, unhealthy eaters compared to healthy eaters with the same degree of food knowledge responded more positively to all food items. The findings are critical from a health communication perspective. Because unhealthy eaters produce stronger emotional responses to images of junk food, they are more likely to process information associated with junk food with more cognitive effort and scrutiny. Thus, when targeting this group and using images of junk food, it is important to combine these images with strong message claims and relevant arguments; otherwise, if the arguments are perceived as irrelevant or weak, the motivational activation associated with junk food itself may transfer into an increased desire to consume the unhealthy product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narine S Yegiyan
- a Department of Communication , University of California , Davis
| | - Rachel L Bailey
- b Edward R. Murrow College of Communication , Washington State University
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Fraser SA, Kenyon V, Lagacé M, Wittich W, Southall KE. Stereotypes Associated With Age-related Conditions and Assistive Device Use in Canadian Media. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2015. [PMID: 26220417 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Newspapers are an important source of information. The discourses within the media can influence public attitudes and support or discourage stereotypical portrayals of older individuals. This study critically examined discourses within a Canadian newspaper in terms of stereotypical depictions of age-related health conditions and assistive technology devices (ATDs). DESIGN AND METHODS Four years (2009-2013) of Globe and Mail articles were searched for terms relevant to the research question. A total of 65 articles were retained, and a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the texts was conducted. The articles were coded for stereotypes associated with age-related health conditions and ATDs, consequences of the stereotyping, and context (overall setting or background) of the discourse. RESULTS The primary code list included 4 contexts, 13 stereotypes, and 9 consequences of stereotyping. CDA revealed discourses relating to (a) maintaining autonomy in a stereotypical world, (b) ATDs as obstacles in employment, (c) barriers to help seeking for age-related conditions, and (d) people in power setting the stage for discrimination. IMPLICATIONS Our findings indicate that discourses in the Canadian media include stereotypes associated with age-related health conditions. Further, depictions of health conditions and ATDs may exacerbate existing stereotypes about older individuals, limit the options available to them, lead to a reduction in help seeking, and lower ATD use. Education about the realities of age-related health changes and ATDs is needed in order to diminish stereotypes and encourage ATD uptake and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anne Fraser
- The School of Social Work, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,CRIR/Institut Raymond Dewar, Montréal, Canada
| | - Virginia Kenyon
- CRIR/Institut Raymond Dewar, Montréal, Canada.,The School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martine Lagacé
- The Department of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada
| | - Walter Wittich
- Université de Montréal, École d'Optométrie, Montréal, Canada.,CRIR/MAB-Mackay Rehabilitation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kenneth Edmund Southall
- The School of Social Work, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,CRIR/Institut Raymond Dewar, Montréal, Canada
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Davey J, King C, Fitzpatrick M. Perceptions of glasses as a health care product: a pilot study of New Zealand baby boomers. Health Mark Q 2013; 29:346-61. [PMID: 23210674 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2012.732874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Marketers have been slow to customize their strategies for the influential consumer segment of aging baby boomers. This qualitative research provides insights on New Zealand baby boomers' perceptions of glasses as a health care product. Appearance was a dominant theme; status was not a major concern, although style and fashion were. Wearing glasses had negative associations related to aging; however, both male and female participants recognized that glasses offered improved quality of life. Data relating to the theme of expense indicated that these New Zealand baby boomers made sophisticated perceptual associations and subsequent pragmatic trade-offs between price, quality, and style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Davey
- Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Roy M, Payette H. The body image construct among Western seniors: A systematic review of the literature. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:505-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Marshall C, Lengyel C, Utioh A. Body Dissatisfaction: Among Middle-aged and Older Women. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2012; 73:e241-e247. [DOI: 10.3148/73.2.2012.e241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the growing pervasiveness of mass media, individuals of all ages and both sexes are bombarded with images that glorify youthfulness, messages that tie self-worth to thinness, and products that promise youth and beauty forever. Aging women are vulnerable to these societal messages and experience strong pressures to maintain their youth and thinness. As the physiological changes that accompany normal aging move these women farther from the “ideal” image, body dissatisfaction may increase. These women are confronted with the impossible task of trying to defy the natural process of aging through a variety of means, including fashion, cosmetics, selective surgeries, and personal food choices. The resulting body image issues, weight preoccupation, and eating disturbances can lead to voluntary food restriction, depression, social withdrawal, lower self-esteem, and disordered eating, all of which can have a negative impact on quality of life and nutritional status. In this review we explore existing research on body dissatisfaction among middle-aged (30 to 60) and older (over 60) women, discuss the prevalence of body dissatisfaction, its predisposing risk factors, and the resulting eating and body maintenance behaviours, and examine implications for dietetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marshall
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Christina Lengyel
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
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Palacios-Ceña D, Alonso-Blanco C, Jiménez-Garcia R, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, Pileño-Martinez E, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Time trends in leisure time physical activity and physical fitness in elderly people: 20 year follow-up of the Spanish population national health survey (1987-2006). BMC Public Health 2011; 11:799. [PMID: 21995560 PMCID: PMC3206481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate trends in leisure time physical activity and physical fitness between 1987-2006 in older Spanish people. METHODS We analyzed data collected from the Spanish National Health Surveys conducted in 1987 (n = 29,647), 1993 (n = 20,707), 1995-1997 (n = 12,800), 2001 (n = 21,058), 2003 (n = 21,650), and 2006 (n = 29,478). The number of subjects aged ≥ 65 years included in the current study was 29,263 (1987: n = 4,958-16.7%; 1993: n = 3,751-17.8%; 1995-97: n = 2,229-17.4%; 2001: n = 4,356-20.7%; 2003: 6,134-28.3%; 2006: 7,835-26.5%). Main variables included leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness. We analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health status, lifestyle habit and co-morbid conditions using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Women exhibited lower prevalence of leisure time physical activity and physical fitness compared to men (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis for time trends found that practising leisure time physical activity increased from 1987 to 2006 (P < 0.001). Variables associated with a lower likelihood of practicing leisure time physical activity were: age ≥ 80 years old, ≥ 2 co-morbid chronic conditions, and obesity. Variables associated with lower physical fitness included: age ≥ 80 years, worse self rated health; ≥ 2 medications (only for walking), and obesity. CONCLUSIONS We found an increase in leisure time physical activity in the older Spanish population. Older age, married status, co-morbid conditions, obesity, and worse self-perceived health status were associated with lower activity. Identification of these factors can help to identify individuals at risk for physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Health Science II, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- School of Public Health. Madrid. Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Garcia
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Hernández-Barrera
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Carrasco-Garrido
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cesar Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Pruis TA, Janowsky JS. Assessment of body image in younger and older women. The Journal of General Psychology 2010; 137:225-38. [PMID: 20718224 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2010.484446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Body image was compared in younger versus older women using questionnaires and women's responses to fatter and thinner images of their own bodies versus responses to line drawings of bodies in the Figure Ratings Scale. We found that younger and older women have similar body dissatisfaction but that younger women have a higher drive for thinness and experience more societal influence on their body image. Using images of one's own body versus line drawings did not result in different body dissatisfaction in younger versus older women. These data suggest that age affects some facets of body image but not others and that ratings of body image do not differ in normal, healthy younger and older women when personalized measures are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha A Pruis
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA.
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