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Fenton C, Holmes J, Taylor A, Jackson Z. A Systematic Review of the Use, Acceptability, Perceived Effectiveness and Effectiveness of Self-Help Toolkits. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:868-880. [PMID: 39121499 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2377229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Self-harming behaviours can include cutting the skin, ligaturing and taking overdoses. These actions can result in infection, blood loss, or even death. A young person's risk of dying by suicide increases if they engage in self-harm. Self-help empowers people to utilise different coping strategies and implement life changes without reliance on a clinical intervention, "helping people to help themselves". Self-help toolkits contain a variety of items that are selected by the person to help them manage the urge to self-harm. The items included sensory objects, distractions, prompts to seek help and creative prompts such as colouring books and pens and personal items that trigger positive memories. AMED, EMBASE, APA Psycinfo and MEDLINE were searched with no language restriction or date restriction. Of the 368 studies screened, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were mainly small scale or case studies pertaining to the use of self-help toolkits or similar. They described the need for a flexible and/or individualised approach to self-help toolkits. Abstracts and studies were screened separately by two members of the research team for inclusion. Qualitative data was analysed using Grounded Theory. Nine themes were identified: Creativity, Hope, Social contact/help seeking, calming/relaxing, sensory items, reflection, distractions, therapeutic prompts and emotional release. Self-efficacy and self-awareness were the two main mechanisms identified. Self-help toolkits were found to be acceptable and helpful, but the limited evidence base means their efficacy for reducing self-harm episodes has not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Fenton
- COMIC Research, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Jannah Holmes
- General Medicine, Mid Yorkshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Amelia Taylor
- COMIC Research, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Zoe Jackson
- COMIC Research, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
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Daglas Z, Lu S, Gresham D, Tatnell R, Stanley BH, Melvin GA. Classifying coping strategies from suicide prevention safety plans. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024; 54:275-285. [PMID: 38300145 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the specific strategies individuals use to cope with their suicidal thoughts may have implications for suicide prevention. This study developed a classification system of coping strategies and applied this system to individual coping behaviors documented in a safety planning intervention smartphone application called Beyond Now. METHOD 725 Beyond Now safety planning app users, aged 16 to over 55 years, entered coping strategies that were used to develop a classification system through content analysis. Entries were either user generated or selected from a list of suggested coping strategies, and 2960 entries were classified using the system. RESULTS Our classification system featured 11 distinct descriptive categories, with media consumption being the most popular coping strategy among Beyond Now users, followed by relaxation and self-care activities, exercise and creative activities. More than half (57%) of the entries were suggested coping strategies with the remainder being user-generated entries (43%). CONCLUSION A wide range of coping strategies were entered into safety plans, with activities that aim to either distract or provide reductions in emotional arousal common. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the coping strategies listed in safety plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Daglas
- School of Psychology, SEED Lifespan, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sinh Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Gresham
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Tatnell
- School of Psychology, SEED Lifespan, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara H Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Glenn A Melvin
- School of Psychology, SEED Lifespan, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Kandlur NR, Fernandes AC, Gerard SR, Rajiv S, Quadros S. Sensory modulation interventions for adults with mental illness: A scoping review. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2023; 36:57-68. [PMID: 38027047 PMCID: PMC10680857 DOI: 10.1177/15691861231204896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sensory Modulation Interventions (SMI) assist people with mental illnesses to regulate emotional and physiological arousal. We aimed to conduct a scoping review to identify the study designs, geographical distribution, modality/regimen, barriers and facilitators in using SMI for individuals with mental illnesses. Methods A systematic search was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework with studies published on SMI from January 2010 to November 2020. Results 17 articles were found to be relevant. One was a case-control study, qualitative (N = 3), mixed-method (N = 3), and case studies (N = 3), and the rest were pilot interventional studies (N = 8). The duration of sessions ranged from 2 to 30 minutes for 2 days to 3 years. The facilitators in using SMI were of being cost-effective and easily adaptable. Barriers were in terms of maintenance of sensory items. Sensory modulation based items related to proprioception, vestibular and tactile were the frequently used in the SMI based interventions used in the included studies. Conclusions SMI as an occupational therapy intervention for individuals with mental illnesses is evolving and more robust studies in the future are recommended.
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Fenton C, Attwell L, Standley E, Holmes J. Exploring the content of self-help toolkits as an intervention for non-suicidal self-injury in young people in England. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:1326-1334. [PMID: 37226413 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-harm has been increasing in young people over the last decade leading to several self-help interventions being developed. Self-help toolkits are given a variety of names, such as 'hope box' and 'self-soothe kit', but all seek to provide young people with the tools to manage thoughts to self-harm by bringing together a collection of personal items, distress tolerance activities and help-seeking prompts. They represent a low-cost, low-burden and accessible intervention. This study explored what child and adolescent mental health professionals working with young people are currently recommending as the content of these self-help toolkits. A questionnaire was sent to child and adolescent mental health services and residential units across England and received 251 responses from professionals. Sixty-six per cent described self-help tool kits as being effective or very effective for helping young people manage self-harm urges. The content was categorized into sensory items (subcategorized by sense), distraction activities, relaxation and mindfulness activities, seeking positives and coping strategies, with the caveat that all toolkits should be individualized. The results of this study help to inform the future manualization of the use of self-help toolkits in clinical practice as a self-harm intervention for children and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Fenton
- Child Oriented Mental Health Innovation Collaborative (COMIC) - Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (LYPFT), York, UK
| | - Leah Attwell
- Child Oriented Mental Health Innovation Collaborative (COMIC) - Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (LYPFT), York, UK
| | | | - Jannah Holmes
- Child Oriented Mental Health Innovation Collaborative (COMIC) - Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (LYPFT), York, UK
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Lucre K, Clapton N. The Compassionate Kitbag: A creative and integrative approach to compassion-focused therapy. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 2:497-516. [PMID: 32639097 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper outlines the concept of the 'Compassionate Kitbag', a novel multi-sensory-based means of helping draw together the various elements of compassionate mind training and processes within compassion-focused therapy (CFT), to help clients cultivate and facilitate their capacities for compassion. Building on the work of Lucre and Corten (2013, Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 86, 387), this is the first published work exploring this concept and the theoretical underpinnings, with a specific focus on how this can be used to support people with attachment and relational trauma. METHODS A narrative review of the literature on multi-sensory stimulation in facilitating people's capacities for compassion was conducted, coupled with a review of the literature of the use of non-human and transitional objects as explained by attachment theory and the broader scientific research underpinning the CFT model. RESULTS Clinical examples of how to use the Compassionate Kitbag to help stimulate compassionate therapeutic processes demonstrate the benefits of and how to begin utilizing this approach in compassion-focused work with clients with complex needs. CONCLUSIONS The Compassionate Kitbag's potential therapeutic value lies in offering multifarious creative and tangible means of accessing compassion to a wide range of individuals whom are typically fearful of, blocked, and/or resistant to compassion. Further research into the wider application of the concept of the Compassionate Kitbag is needed. PRACTITIONER POINTS Many patients with ruptured and/or traumatized early attachment relationships can find more traditional talking therapies difficult to access. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) can offer an evolutionary-based understanding of interpersonal difficulties which can be helpful for such patients. Creatively harnessing and utilizing multi-sensory and non-linguistic social signals in CFT is key to exercising the care-giving and care-receiving social mentalities that facilitate compassionate flow. There is considerable evidence to support the use of a multi-sensory component to the therapeutic work to help patients cultivate and facilitate their capacities for compassion. The Compassionate Kitbag can be a way of supporting patients to create concrete representations of compassion in the context of the compassionate mind training component of the therapeutic work. Some of these objects can become transitional objects which can aid the therapeutic work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Clapton
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Swindon, UK
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Framer A. What I have learnt from helping thousands of people taper off antidepressants and other psychotropic medications. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2021; 11:2045125321991274. [PMID: 33796265 PMCID: PMC7970174 DOI: 10.1177/2045125321991274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although psychiatric drug withdrawal syndromes have been recognized since the 1950s - recent studies confirm antidepressant withdrawal syndrome incidence upwards of 40% - medical information about how to safely go off the drugs has been lacking. To fill this gap, over the last 25 years, patients have developed a robust Internet-based subculture of peer support for tapering off psychiatric drugs and recovering from withdrawal syndrome. This account from the founder of such an online community covers lessons learned from thousands of patients regarding common experiences with medical providers, identification of adverse drug reactions, risk factors for withdrawal, tapering techniques, withdrawal symptoms, protracted withdrawal syndrome, and strategies to cope with symptoms, in the context of the existing scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Framer
- SurvivingAntidepressants.org, San Francisco,
California, USA
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Brown A, Tse T, Fortune T. Defining sensory modulation: A review of the concept and a contemporary definition for application by occupational therapists. Scand J Occup Ther 2018; 26:515-523. [DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1509370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Brown
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamara Tse
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy Fortune
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Rieger KL, Lobchuk MM, Duff MA, Chernomas WM, Campbell-Enns HJ, Demczuk L, Nicolas S, West CH. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based arts interventions on psychological wellbeing and fatigue in adults with a physical illness: a systematic review protocol. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2018; 16:1476-1484. [PMID: 29995707 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based arts interventions on psychological wellbeing and fatigue in adults with a physical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Rieger
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michelle M Lobchuk
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Wanda M Chernomas
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Heather J Campbell-Enns
- Manitoba Health, Seniors and Active Living, Government of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lisa Demczuk
- Elizabeth Dafoe Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Suzanne Nicolas
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- School of Nursing, Saint-Boniface University, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christina H West
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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