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Wang H, Wang M, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang L, La H, You X, Ma Z, Zhou J. Genetic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1c in newborn calves at nucleotide and synonymous codon usages. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:984962. [PMID: 36118339 PMCID: PMC9470862 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.984962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), serving as an important pathogen for newborn calves, poses threat to reproductive and economic losses in the cattle industry. To survey the infection rate and genetic diversity of BVDV in newborn calves in northern China, a total of 676 sera samples of newborn calves were collected from four provinces between 2021 and 2022. All sera samples were individually detected for BVDV infection by RT-PCR and ELISA. Our results showed that the overall serological rate was 9.76% (66/676) and the average positive rate of BVDV RNA was 8.14% (55/676) in the newborn calves. Eight BVDV strains were successfully isolated from RT-PCR positive sera samples, and four isolates displayed the cytopathic effect (CPE). Based on phylogenetic tree at the genome level, the eight strains were classified into subgenotype 1c. Moreover, the BVDV isolates had a close genetic relationship with the GSTZ strain at either nucleotide or codon usage level. Interestingly, in comparison of synonymous codon usage patterns between the BVDV isolates with CPE and ones without CPE, there were four synonymous codons (UCG, CCC, GCA, and AAC) which displayed the significant differences (p < 0.05) at codon usage pattern, suggesting that synonymous codon usage bias might play a role in BVDV-1c biotypes. In addition, the usage of synonymous codons containing CpG dinucleotides was suppressed by the BVDV-1c isolates, reflecting one of strategies of immune evasion of BVDV to its host. Taken together, our study provided data for monitoring and vaccination strategies of BVDV for newborn calves in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yicong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Derong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiezhong Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Hua La
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoqian You
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Zhou
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DA SILVA DG, de CARVALHO ILQ, TOSCANO ECDB, SANTOS BÁDSS, OLIVEIRA BDS, CAMPOS MA, da FONSECA FG, CAMARGOS QM, de SOUSA GF, CALIARI MV, TEIXEIRA AL, de MIRANDA AS, RACHID MA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:180-186. [PMID: 33281142 PMCID: PMC7972877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the control of neuronal survival and plasticity in different brain diseases. Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) infection is a frequent neurological disease of young cattle, being the involvement of apoptosis in the development of neuropathological changes frequently discussed in the literature. It's well known that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can activate neuroinflammatory response and consequently lead to neuronal loss. However, there are no studies evaluating the expression of neurotrophic factors and their association with brain pathology and TLRs during the infection by BoHV-5. The current study aimed to analyze brain levels of neurotrophic factors along with neuropathological changes during acute infection by BoHV-5 in wild-type (WT) and TLR3/7/9 (TLR3/7/9-/-) deficiency mice. The infection was induced by intracranial inoculation of 1 × 104 TCID50 of BoHV-5. Infected animals presented similar degrees of clinical signs and neuropathological changes. Both infected groups had meningoencephalitis and neuronal damage in CA regions from hippocampus. BoHV-5 infection promoted the proliferation of Iba-1 positive cells throughout the neuropil, mainly located in the frontal cortex. Moreover, significant lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected in both BoHV-5 infected WT and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice, compared with non-infected animals. Our study showed that BDNF down regulation was associated with brain inflammation, reactive microgliosis and neuronal loss after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that combined TLR3/7/9 deficiency does not alter those parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gonçalves DA SILVA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Iracema Luisa Quintino de CARVALHO
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito TOSCANO
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Álvares da Silva Senra SANTOS
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive
Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo
Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva OLIVEIRA
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio CAMPOS
- René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas
Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da FONSECA
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Quezya Mendes CAMARGOS
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ferreira de SOUSA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal CALIARI
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio TEIXEIRA
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at
Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Aline Silva de MIRANDA
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga RACHID
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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