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Choobdarnezhad M, Amiri-Farahani L, Pezaro S. Maternal performance after childbirth and its predictors: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 38519910 PMCID: PMC10960374 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Birthing parents need to use specialized skills as the first caregiver of the newborn. Several factors may affect performance. Yet there is a paucity of research in this area, and evidence remains inconsistent. Consequently, this study aimed to determine maternal performance after childbirth and its predictors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with those (n = 450) who had given birth (< two months) and been referred for the vaccination of their newborn. The multi-stage sampling method was carried out from April 2022 to February 2023. Participants who met the inclusion criteria completed a demographic and obstetric information questionnaire, along with the childbirth experience 2 (CEQ2), Barkin maternal performance and maternal self-efficacy scales. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the predictive effect of the independent variables of childbirth experience, maternal self-efficacy, demographic and obstetric variables on the dependent variable of maternal performance. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 26.78 and the mean total score of maternal performance was 91.04 (0-120). The highest and lowest scores related to the 'maternal competence' and the 'maternal needs' domains, with mean score calculated at 77.51 and 72.81 respectively. 'Childbirth experience' and 'maternal self-efficacy' domains had a statistically significant relationship with maternal performance (P < 0.05). Among the predictive factors of maternal performance, the results of our linear regression demonstrated the variables of birth experience (B = 0.63), maternal self-efficacy (B = 1.53), spouse's employment status (B = 5.78 for worker level, B = 3.99 for employee level), the number of previous childbirth experiences (B = -8.46), frequency of receiving antenatal care (B = -6.68), length of stay in the birth suite (B = -2.22) and length of stay in the hospital (B = 2.84) remained in the model. 53.2% of changes in maternal performance can be explained by these independent variables. CONCLUSION The promotion of evidence-based, person-centered, and respectful perinatal care during pregnancy and childbirth are of paramount importance. Strategies to improve the experience of childbirth and self-efficacy are especially required to improve maternal performance in the postpartum period. Prenatal care aimed at improving maternal function after childbirth will be important in achieving this overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Choobdarnezhad
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Amiri-Farahani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1996713883, Iran.
| | - Sally Pezaro
- The Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
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Olwanda E, Opondo K, Oluoch D, Croke K, Maluni J, Jepkosgei J, Nzinga J. Women's autonomy and maternal health decision making in Kenya: implications for service delivery reform - a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:181. [PMID: 38504293 PMCID: PMC10949706 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and neonatal outcomes in, Kakamega County is characterized by a maternal mortality rate of 316 per 100,000 live births and a neonatal mortality rate of 19 per 1,000 live births. In 2018, approximately 70,000 births occurred in the county, with 35% at home, 28% in primary care facilities, and 37% in hospitals. A maternal and child health service delivery redesign (SDR) that aims to reorganize maternal and newborn health services is being implemented in Kakamega County in Kenya to improve the progress of these indicators. Research has shown that women's ability to make decisions (voice, agency, and autonomy) is critical for gender equality, empowerment and an important determinant of access and utilization. As part of the Kakamega SDR process evaluation, this study sought to understand women's processes of decision-making in seeking maternal health care and how these affect women's ability to access and use antenatal, delivery, and post-natal services. METHODS We adapted the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) conceptual framework for reproductive empowerment to focus on the interrelated concepts of "female autonomy", and "women's agency" with the latter incorporating 'voice', 'choice' and 'power'. Our adaptation did not consider the influence of sexual relationships and leadership on SRH decision-making. We conducted key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, small group interviews and focus group discussions with pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics, women who had delivered, women attending post-natal clinics, and men in Kakamega County. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data in NVivo 12. RESULTS The results revealed notable findings across three dimensions of agency. Women with previous birthing experiences, high self-esteem, and support from their social networks exhibited greater agency. Additionally, positive previous birthing experiences were associated with increased confidence in making reproductive health choices. Women who had control over financial resources and experienced respectful communication with their partners exhibited higher levels of agency within their households. Distance relational agency demonstrated the impact of health system factors and socio-cultural norms on women's agency and autonomy. Finally, women who faced barriers such as long waiting times or limited staff availability experienced reduced agency in seeking healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Individual agency, immediate relational agency, and distance relational agency all play crucial roles in shaping women's decision-making power and control over their utilization of maternal health services. This study offers valuable insights that can guide the ongoing implementation of an innovative service delivery redesign model, emphasizing the critical need for developing context-specific strategies to promote women's voices for sustained use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easter Olwanda
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Opondo
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dorothy Oluoch
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kevin Croke
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justinah Maluni
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Jacinta Nzinga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Chandra N, Smitha MV. Functional status, social support, and anxiety among postnatal women of Eastern India. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2023; 20:100238. [PMID: 37720888 PMCID: PMC10502358 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Though becoming a mother is a joyous experience, the postpartum time can be difficult and stressful for women as they deal with significant physical alterations and adjustments to their daily routines. However, very few studies have focused on the functional well-being of the woman after childbirth. This study aims to find the level of functional status, social support, and anxiety among women attending immunization clinics. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted to recruit 220 women in this study from two immunization clinic centers in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected using a self-reported sociodemographic profile, functional level scale after childbirth, modified multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and postnatal anxiety scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used for data analysis, including mean, percentage, and Fisher exact. Results 59.5 % of women returned to a moderate level of functional status after six weeks postpartum. The majority of women, 98.6 % and 83.6 %, reported high levels of return to personal care and baby care, respectively, whereas 34.7 % had moderate levels of return to home activities and 90 % had low levels of return to community and social tasks. Also, 70 % of women had high perceived social support, and 87.7 % had no anxiety. In this study, normal delivery women had better functional status than their cesarean delivery counterparts. Moreover, functional status was significantly associated with anxiety at six postpartum weeks. Conclusion After six weeks of childbirth, most women only partially resumed their pre-pregnancy functional state. So, much more time, rest, and support from family members were needed to recover to a fully functional level. Nurses, midwives, and the family members of women should be aware of the critical role that social support plays in enhancing a woman's functional and psychological status during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Chandra
- Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, College of Nursing, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Al Hashmi I, Al Omari O. Self-efficacy in relation to adherence to healthy behaviours among pregnant women: a concept analysis. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2022. [DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2021.12.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Çetinkaya F, Karabulut N. The effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on sleep quality in total hip arthroplasty patients. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2022. [DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2022.13.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Oruç M, Kukulu K. The relationship between maternal function and maternal attachment of women during the postpartum period. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2021; 40:288-298. [PMID: 34348545 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1962824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal functions including self-care and adjustment and maternal attachment during the postpartum period. BACKGROUND Mothers adapt to their new role during the postpartum period by recognising both their baby and their physical, emotional, and social recovery. During this period, a mother's interaction with her baby supports attachment. METHOD The study design was planned as a descriptive-relational type. The study was performed in two Family Healthcare Centres located in Antalya city, Turkey country. The population of the study consisted of 250 mothers aged 18-45 years who had a postpartum period between 8 and 11 weeks. A simple sampling method was used. Data were collected using the mothers' identification forms, the Barkin Index of Maternal Function, and the Maternal Attachment Inventory. The forms were administered to mothers via the face-to-face interview method. Numerical, percental, and relational statistical methods as well as arithmetic means were used in the data analysis. RESULTS The mean score of the Barkin Index of the Maternal Function was 76.97 ± 10.19 and the mean score of the Maternal Attachment Inventory was 100.92 ± 3.17. There was a positive, low, and significant relationship between maternal function and maternal attachment (r = 0.22, p = 0.00). There was a positive, low, and significant relationship between maternal attachment and self-care, maternal psychology, infant care, social support, and maternal adjustment scores. CONCLUSION The maternal attachment level was found to be high in women with high maternal function. To develop the relationship between functional status and maternal attachment, mothers may provided with social support and, if necessary, psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Oruç
- Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya Health Science University
| | - Kamile Kukulu
- Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Lagendijk J, Sijpkens MK, Ernst-Smelt HE, Verbiest SB, Been JV, Steegers EAP. Risk-guided maternity care to enhance maternal empowerment postpartum: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242187. [PMID: 33216791 PMCID: PMC7679010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a structured inquiry during pregnancy of medical factors and social factors associated with low socioeconomic status, and subsequent patient-centred maternity care could increase maternal empowerment. DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial. SETTING This study was conducted among pregnant women in selected urban areas in the Netherlands. This study was part of the nationwide Healthy Pregnancy 4 All-2 programme. POPULATION Pregnant women listed at one of the sixteen participating maternity care organisations between July 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2016. METHODS All practices were instructed to provide a systematic risk assessment during pregnancy. Practices were randomly allocated to continue usual care (seven practices), or to provide a patient-centred, risk-guided approach to addressing any risks (nine practices) identified via the risk assessment during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Low postpartum maternal empowerment score. RESULTS We recruited 1579 participants; 879 participants in the intervention arm, and 700 participants in the control arm. The prevalence of one or more risk factors during pregnancy was similar between the two arms: 40% and 39%, respectively. In our intention-to-treat analysis, the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in the odds of having a low empowerment score [i.e. the primary outcome; adjusted OR 0.69 ((95% CI 0.47; 0.99), P 0.046)]. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of additional risk assessment addressing both medical and social factors and subsequent tailored preventive strategies into maternity care reduced the incidence of low maternal empowerment during the postpartum period. Introducing this approach in routine maternity care may help reduce early adversity during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Lagendijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Meertien K. Sijpkens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hiske E. Ernst-Smelt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah B. Verbiest
- UNC School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jasper V. Been
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A. P. Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Gholizadeh Shamasbi S, Barkin JL, Ghanbari-Homayi S, Eyvazzadeh O, Mirghafourvand M. The Relationship between Maternal Functioning and Mental Health after Childbirth in Iranian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051558. [PMID: 32121286 PMCID: PMC7084355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The postpartum period is critical for new mothers, in terms of performing maternal functions, which can be affected by physical or psychological complications. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between maternal functioning and mental health in the postpartum period. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 530 eligible women who referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran in 2018. The participants were selected through randomized cluster sampling, and data were collected by using a socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF). These assessments were collected between 1 and 4 months postpartum. The relationship between maternal functioning and mental health was determined by conducting bivariate analysis via Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis and the general linear model (GLM) in a multivariate analysis. The mean (SD) mental health score in women was 79.1 (15.0) in the obtainable score range of 18 to 108, and the mean (SD) BIMF score in women was 97.4 (12.9) in the obtainable score range of 0 to 120. Based on Pearson or Spearman correlations, mental health and its sub-domains had positive, significant correlations with infant care, mother-child interaction, mental well-being, social support, management, adjustment, self-care, and maternal functioning (p < 0.001). Based on the GLM, increased maternal functioning was associated with higher total mental health score, having a moderate income, and receiving support for infant care (p < 0.05). High levels of postpartum mental health can have a positive impact on maternal functioning. Additionally, having support with infant care tasks can also improve functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gholizadeh Shamasbi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 977-5138947, Iran; (S.G.S.); (O.E.)
| | - Jennifer L. Barkin
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA;
| | - Solmaz Ghanbari-Homayi
- PhD of Midwifery, Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 977-5138947, Iran;
| | - Ommlbanin Eyvazzadeh
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 977-5138947, Iran; (S.G.S.); (O.E.)
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Midwifery Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 977-5138947, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-914-320-6121
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