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Ramzan MH, Shah M, Ramzan F. Neurokinin B Administration Induces Dose Dependent Proliferation of Seminal Vesicles in Adult Rats. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:339-352. [PMID: 38243941 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037264538231128072614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurokinin B; an endogenous decapeptide, mediates its reproductive physiological actions through gonadotropin releasing hormone. Despite the potential role of Neurokinin B on seminal vesicles, its effects on seminal vesicles in adult male mammals remain elusive. We aimed to investigate the potentials of variable doses of Neurokinin B, its agonist and antagonist on histomorphology and expression of NK3R on seminal vesicles, and secretory activity of seminal vesicles in adult male rats. METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n=10 in each group) were administered intraperitoneally with Neurokinin B in three variable doses: 1 μg, 1 ηg and 10 ρg while, Senktide (Neurokinin B agonist) and SB222200 (Neurokinin B antagonist) in 1 μg doses consecutively for 12 days. After 12 days of peptide treatment, half of the animals (n=05) in each group were sacrificed while remaining half (n=05) were kept for another 12 days without any treatment to investigate treatment reversal. Seminal vesicles were dissected and excised tissue was processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and estimation of seminal fructose levels. RESULTS Treatment with Neurokinin B and Senktide significantly increased while SB222200 slightly decrease the seminal vesicles weight, epithelial height and seminal fructose levels as compared to control. Light microscopy revealed increased epithelial height and epithelial folding as compared to control in all Neurokinin B and Senktide treated groups while decreased in SB222200. Effects of various doses of Neurokinin B, Senktide and SB222200 on seminal vesicles weight, epithelial height, seminal fructose levels and histomorphology were reversed when rats were maintained without treatments. Immuno-expression of Neurokinin B shows no change in treatment and reversal groups. CONCLUSION Continuous administration of Neurokinin B and Senktide effect positively while SB222200 have detrimental effects on cellular morphology, epithelial height and seminal fructose levels in seminal vesicles. Effects of peptide treatments depicted a reversal towards control group when rats were kept without any treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haris Ramzan
- Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences (KMU-IMS), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar25100, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Faiqah Ramzan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (FVAS), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan
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Chen Z, Liu M, Hu JH, Gao Y, Deng C, Jiang MH. Substance P restores spermatogenesis in busulfan-treated mice: A new strategy for male infertility therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110868. [PMID: 33181455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility has become an important health problem that is primarily caused by testicular dysfunction with abnormal spermatogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that the neuropeptide, substance P (SP), is essential for spermatogonia proliferation in a seminiferous tubule culture system. In addition, SP (5 nmol/kg) treatment markedly restored spermatogenesis, improved sperm quality, and increased the number of ZBTB16+ or LIN28+ undifferentiated spermatogonia as well as STRA8+ differentiated spermatogonia in a busulfan-induced non-obstructive azoospermic mouse model. Furthermore, 100 nM SP treatment in vitro significantly stimulated the proliferation of GC-1 spg cells (a spermatogonia cell line) via activation of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the sperm quality and the number of spermatogonia were significantly reduced after treatment with RP67580, a selective NK-1 receptor antagonist, suggesting that SP-NK1R signaling plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that SP may be a potential therapeutic agent for male infertility by accelerating the restoration of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin-Hua Hu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Mei Hua Jiang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital and Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Son YW, Choi HN, Che JH, Kang BC, Yun JW. Advances in selecting appropriate non-rodent species for regulatory toxicology research: Policy, ethical, and experimental considerations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104757. [PMID: 32758521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo animal studies are required by regulatory agencies to investigate drug safety before clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the process of selecting a relevant non-rodent species for preclinical studies. The dog is the primary, default non-rodent used in toxicology studies with multiple scientific advantages, including adequate background data and availability. Rabbit has many regulatory advantages as the first non-rodent for the evaluation of reproductive and developmental as well as local toxicity. Recently, minipigs have increasingly replaced dogs and rabbits in toxicology studies due to ethical and scientific advantages including similarity to humans and breeding habits. When these species are not relevant, nonhuman primates (NHPs) can be used as the available animal models, especially in toxicology studies investigating biotherapeutics. Particularly, based on the phylogenetic relationships, the use of New-World marmosets can be considered before Old-World monkeys, especially cynomolgus with robust historical data. Importantly, the use of NHPs should be justified in terms of scientific benefits considering target affinity, expression pattern, and pharmacological cross-reactivity. Strict standards are required for the use of animals. Therefore, this review is helpful for the selection of appropriate non-rodent in regulatory toxicology studies by providing sufficient regulatory, ethical, and scientific data for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wook Son
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Ha-Ni Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea.
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Vidal JD, Whitney KM. Morphologic manifestations of testicular and epididymal toxicity. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 4:e979099. [PMID: 26413388 DOI: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Histopathologic examination of the testis is the most sensitive means to detect effects on spermatogenesis; however, the complexity of testicular histology, interrelatedness of cell types within the testis, and long duration of spermatogenesis can make assessment of a testicular toxicant challenging. A thorough understanding of the histology and morphologic manifestations of response to injury is critical to successfully identify a testicular effect and to begin to understand the underlying mechanism of action. The basic patterns of response to xenobiotic-induced injury to the testis and epididymis are detailed and discussed.
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Steinhoff MS, von Mentzer B, Geppetti P, Pothoulakis C, Bunnett NW. Tachykinins and their receptors: contributions to physiological control and the mechanisms of disease. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:265-301. [PMID: 24382888 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinins, exemplified by substance P, are one of the most intensively studied neuropeptide families. They comprise a series of structurally related peptides that derive from alternate processing of three Tac genes and are expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Tachykinins interact with three neurokinin G protein-coupled receptors. The signaling, trafficking, and regulation of neurokinin receptors have also been topics of intense study. Tachykinins participate in important physiological processes in the nervous, immune, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urogenital, and dermal systems, including inflammation, nociception, smooth muscle contractility, epithelial secretion, and proliferation. They contribute to multiple diseases processes, including acute and chronic inflammation and pain, fibrosis, affective and addictive disorders, functional disorders of the intestine and urinary bladder, infection, and cancer. Neurokinin receptor antagonists are selective, potent, and show efficacy in models of disease. In clinical trials there is a singular success: neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists to treat nausea and vomiting. New information about the involvement of tachykinins in infection, fibrosis, and pruritus justifies further trials. A deeper understanding of disease mechanisms is required for the development of more predictive experimental models, and for the design and interpretation of clinical trials. Knowledge of neurokinin receptor structure, and the development of targeting strategies to disrupt disease-relevant subcellular signaling of neurokinin receptors, may refine the next generation of neurokinin receptor antagonists.
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Malherbe P, Ballard TM, Ratni H. Tachykinin neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists: a patent review (2005 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:637-55. [PMID: 21417773 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.568482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurokinin 3 (NK(3)) receptor is a GPCR that has been shown to modulate monoaminergic systems within regions of the brain implicated in schizophrenia. Preclinical and Phase II clinical results of osanetant and talnetant in schizophrenic patients have indicated that NK(3) antagonists may provide significant improvement of the positive symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder. Recent findings have also indicated that neurokinin B (NKB)-NK(3) signaling plays a key role in the hypothalamic regulation of reproduction in humans. AREAS COVERED This review article discusses the latest medicinal chemistry strategies used to derive novel NK(3) receptor antagonists which have been patented during the period 2005 - 2010. EXPERT OPINION Since the report of a beneficial effect of osanetant in schizophrenic patients, major pharmaceutical companies have been involved in this field, leading to a very large number of patent applications disclosed. Nevertheless, only three NK(3) selective antagonists entered into Phase II, but were then terminated for various reasons. Currently, the main challenge to move forward a selective NK(3) antagonist into the clinic would be to define a safety margin between the desired therapeutic effect and the effect on testosterone levels. The involvement of NKB-NK(3) signaling in reproduction in humans may also lead to new exciting indications, such as treatment for sex steroid-sensitive cancers of breast and prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Malherbe
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Discovery Research CNS, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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Noritake KI, Suzuki J, Matsuoka T, Makino T, Ohnishi H, Shimomura K, Uenoyama Y, Tsukamura H, Maeda KI, Sanbuissho A. Testicular toxicity induced by a triple neurokinin receptor antagonist in male dogs. Reprod Toxicol 2010; 31:440-6. [PMID: 21185367 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism mediating the testicular toxicity induced by CS-003, a triple neurokinin receptor antagonist, was investigated in male dogs. Daily CS-003 administrations showed testicular toxicity, such as a decrease in the sperm number, motility and prostate weight; and an increase in sperm abnormality, accompanying histopathological changes in the testis, epididymis and prostate. A single CS-003 administration suppressed plasma testosterone and LH levels in intact and castrated males. The suppressed LH release was restored by GnRH agonist injection, suggesting that pituitary sensitivity to GnRH is not impaired by CS-003. Treatment with SB223412, a neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist, caused a similar effect to CS-003, such as toxicity in the testis, prostate and epididymis and decreased plasma level of LH and testosterone. In conclusion, CS-003-induced testicular toxicity is caused by the inhibition of neurokinin B/neurokinin 3 receptor signaling probably at the hypothalamic level in male dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Noritake
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 717 Horikoshi, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-0065, Japan.
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Enright BP, Leach MW, Pelletier G, LaBrie F, McIntyre BS, Losco PE. Effects of an antagonist of neurokinin receptors 1, 2 and 3 on reproductive hormones in male beagle dogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 89:517-25. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Altamura M, Manzini S, Lecci A. Tachykinin receptors in chronic inflammatory lower airway diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.10.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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