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Christodoulou A, Nikolaou PE, Symeonidi L, Katogiannis K, Pechlivani L, Nikou T, Varela A, Chania C, Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Katsoulas N, Agapaki A, Dimitriou C, Tsoumani M, Kostomitsopoulos N, Davos CH, Skaltsounis AL, Tselepis A, Halabalaki M, Tseti I, Iliodromitis EK, Ikonomidis I, Andreadou I. Cardioprotective potential of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, oleocanthal and their combination: Unravelling complementary effects on acute myocardial infarction and metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103311. [PMID: 39153251 PMCID: PMC11378258 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have previously established the role of olive products in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, whilst the identification of the responsible constituents for the beneficial effects is still pending. We sought to assess and compare the cardioprotective potential of oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleocanthal (OC) and oleanolic Acid (OA), regarding Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (IRI) and CVD risk factors alleviation. The scope of the study was to design a potent and safe combinatorial therapy for high-cardiovascular-risk patients on a bench-to-bedside approach. We evaluated the IRI-limiting potential of 6-weeks treatment with OL, HT, OC or OA at nutritional doses, in healthy and metabolic syndrome (MS)-burdened mice. Three combinatorial regimens were designed and the mixture with preponderant benefits (OL-HT-OC, Combo 2), including infarct sparing and antiglycemic potency, compared to the isolated compounds, was further investigated for its anti-atherosclerotic effects. In vivo experiments revealed that the combination regimen of Combo 2 presented the most favorable effects in limiting infarct size and hyperglycemia, which was selected to be further investigated in the clinical setting in Chronic Coronary Artery Syndrome (CCAS) patients. Cardiac function, inflammation markers and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment with the OL-HT-OC supplement in the clinical study. We found that OL, OC and OA significantly reduced infarct size in vivo compared to Controls. OL exhibited antihyperglycemic properties and OA attenuated hypercholesterolemia. OL-HT-OA, OL-HT-OC and OL-HT-OC-OA combination regimens were cardioprotective, whereas only OL-HT-OC mitigated hyperglycemia. Combo 2 cardioprotection was attributed to apoptosis suppression, enhanced antioxidant effects and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it reduced atherosclerotic plaque extent in vivo. OL-HT-OC supplement ameliorated cardiac, vascular and endothelial function in the small-scale clinical study. Conclusively, OL-HT-OC combination therapy exerts potent cardioprotective, antihyperglycemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo, with remarkable and clinically translatable cardiovascular benefits in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Lydia Symeonidi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katogiannis
- Laboratory of Echocardiography and Preventive Cardiology, Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Louisa Pechlivani
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodora Nikou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chania
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Zerikiotis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlachodimitropoulos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulas
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Agapaki
- Histochemistry Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Costantinos Dimitriou
- Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Laboratory of Echocardiography and Preventive Cardiology, Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece.
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Peng D, Wang A, Shi W, Lin L. Pentacyclic triterpenes, potential novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:709-735. [PMID: 39048758 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) involve dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels and have become major health concerns worldwide. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the occurrence and development of CVDs. Although therapies for CVDs are constantly being developed and applied, the incidence and mortality of CVDs remain high. The roles of natural compounds in CVD treatment are being explored, providing new approaches for the treatment of CVD. Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds with a basic nucleus of 30 carbon atoms, and they have been widely studied for their potential applications in the treatment of CVDs, to which various pharmacological activities contribute, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. This review introduces the roles of triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, summarizes their potential underlying mechanisms, and provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids in the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Luo Q, Wei Y, Lv X, Chen W, Yang D, Tuo Q. The Effect and Mechanism of Oleanolic Acid in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:758. [PMID: 38398510 PMCID: PMC10892503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (MetS) and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health. MetS are metabolic disorders characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which increase the risk of CVDs' initiation and development. Although there are many availabile drugs for treating MetS and related CVDs, some side effects also occur. Considering the low-level side effects, many natural products have been tried to treat MetS and CVDs. A five-cyclic triterpenoid natural product, oleanolic acid (OA), has been reported to have many pharmacologic actions such as anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and liver protection. OA has specific advantages in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. OA achieves therapeutic effects through a variety of pathways, attracting great interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. Consequently, in this article, we aim to review the pharmacological actions and potential mechanisms of OA in treating MetS and related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanye Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, The School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
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Younis Oma T, H. Abdelaz M, Ahmed Abde M, Ahmed Baha M, Allah Abde H, Nasser Moh E, Mohamed Fa W, Ramadan Ra A, Saber Moha A, Fahmy SR, Mohamed El M. Earthworm Extract Exhibits Therapeutic Effect Against Epinephrine-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1126.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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QIAN M, FENG ZQ, ZHENG RN, HU KW, SUN JZ, SUN HB, DAI L. Qi-Tai-Suan, an oleanolic acid derivative, ameliorates ischemic heart failure via suppression of cardiac apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:432-442. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Atrial Fibrillation Patients and Their Changes after Catheter Ablation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0107721. [PMID: 35384710 PMCID: PMC9045169 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01077-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been shown to be associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases, but there is little research on the gut microbiota and atrial fibrillation (AF); thus, how the gut microbiota and metabolites change in AF patients after catheter ablation is unclear. In this study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and nontargeted metabolomic detection to conduct horizontal and longitudinal analyses of the gut microbiota and metabolites of AF patients. Compared with a control group, species richness and diversity increased significantly in AF patients. Among them, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, were significantly increased, and symbiotic bacteria, such as Agathobacter and Butyrivibrio, were significantly reduced. After catheter ablation, intestinal symbiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus, Agathobacter, Lachnospira, etc.) were increased in most AF patients, while pathogenic bacteria (Ruminococcus, etc.) were reduced. Moreover, in AF patients, caffeine, which was negatively correlated with Klebsiella, was downregulated, and estradiol and ascorbic acid, which were positively correlated with Agathobacter, were also downregulated. After catheter ablation, citrulline, which was positively correlated with Ralstonia and Lactobacillus, was increased. Oleanolic acid, which was negatively correlated with Ralstonia was downregulated. In conclusion, our results not only show overall changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites in AF patients but also indicate their changes in the short term after catheter ablation. These data will provide novel possibilities for the future clinical diagnosis and treatment of AF. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota and metabolites play a very important role in human health and can not only assess human health but also treat and prevent diseases. We analyzed the characteristics of the microbiota and metabolites in the human gut and found the effect of disease on gut microbiota and metabolites, which may be of important value in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. At the same time, we also observed dynamic changes in gut microbiota and metabolites with the intervention of catheter ablation, which was not available in previous studies.
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Mechanisms of cinnamic aldehyde against myocardial ischemia/hypoxia injury in vivo and in vitro: Involvement of regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Sun N, Li D, Chen X, Wu P, Lu YJ, Hou N, Chen WH, Wong WL. New Applications of Oleanolic Acid and its Derivatives as Cardioprotective Agents: A Review of their Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3740-3750. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is an analogue of pentacyclic triterpenoids. It has been used as a hepatic drug for over
20 years in China. Currently, there are only five approved drugs derived from pentacyclic triterpenoids, including
oleanolic acid (liver diseases), asiaticoside (wound healing), glycyrrhizinate (liver diseases), isoglycyrrhizinate
(liver disease) and sodium aescinate (hydrocephalus). To understand more about the bioactivity and functional
mechanisms of oleanolic acid, it can be developed as a potent therapeutic agent, in particular, for the prevention
and treatment of heart diseases that are the leading cause of death for people worldwide. The primary aim of this
mini-review is to summarize the new applications of oleanolic acid and its derivatives as cardioprotective agents
reported in recent years and to highlight their therapeutic perspectives in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Goldenhealth Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Chang CH, Fu JH, Su CH, Yin MC, Hsu YM. Four spices prevent mice from contracting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2956-2964. [PMID: 31572538 PMCID: PMC6755440 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LL), Lysimachia christinae Hance (LC), Mentha piperita Linn (MP), and Cinnamomum cassia Presl (CC) are common spices used in Asia. The present study investigated the anti-Salmonella effects of the four spices using aqueous extracts. The amount of phenolic acids and flavonoids in each spice aqueous extract was determined as indicators of purity. Mice were pretreated with LL, LC, MP or CC aqueous extract for 7 days. Following infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain ST21 (ST21), the aqueous extract of each spice was subsequently administered for 4 days. ST21 infected mice had lower body weight compared with the control group. The administration of spice aqueous extracts significantly increased body weight following infection. ST21 infection increased the fecal ST21 counts compared with the control group; however, following spice aqueous extract treatments, ST21 counts significantly decreased. The spice treatments also significantly reduced ST21 count in blood and the organs. Notably, ST21 infection increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in serum whilst spice treatments reduced these cytokines. In the spleen, spice treatment significantly lowered IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, but increased IL-12 levels. ST21 infection stimulated the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM in serum whilst spice aqueous extract treatment significantly decreased these levels. In summary, LL and MP aqueous extract treatments had the most significant effect in protecting against ST21 infection. Results of the RAW 264.7 cell infection model suggested that the mechanisms involved in the anti-ST21 effect of each spice were individually different. All four aqueous extracts demonstrated different mechanisms in attenuating ST21 invasion with the protective effect of LC aqueous extract potentially involving TNF-α expression. The present findings suggested that the four spices may be considered as potent functional foods due to their anti-Salmonella effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hung Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 70173, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-Hua Fu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Hsian Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Héloir MC, Li Kim Khiook I, Lemaître-Guillier C, Clément G, Jacquens L, Bernaud E, Trouvelot S, Adrian M. Assessment of the impact of PS3-induced resistance to downy mildew on grapevine physiology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:134-141. [PMID: 30408676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elicitor-induced resistance against diseases is an attractive strategy that could contribute to reduce the use of fungicides for plant protection. However, activation of defenses has an energetic cost that plants have to fuel by a mobilization of their primary metabolism with possible adverse effect on their physiology. In this context, this study was performed to determine whether elicitor-induced resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew impacted its development and metabolism. The elicitor PS3 (sulfated β-glucan laminarin) was sprayed on grapevine herbaceous cuttings grown in greenhouses once or three times, and its impact was studied on young and older grapevine leaves, prior to, and after Plasmopara viticola inoculation. PS3 did not affect grapevine development during the time course of the experiment. A metabolomic analysis, mainly focused on primary metabolites, highlighted a leaf age dependent effect of PS3 treatment. Nitrogen compounds, and sugars to a lesser extent, were impacted. The results obtained complete the current knowledge of the impact of elicitor-induced resistance on plant physiology. They will be helpful to guide further experiments required to better determine the costs and benefits of elicitor-induced resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Héloir
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ian Li Kim Khiook
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - Lucile Jacquens
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Bernaud
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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Zhong W, Sun B, Gao W, Qin Y, Zhang H, Huai L, Tang Y, Liang Y, He L, Zhang X, Tao H, Chen S, Yang W, Yang L, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhou H, Sun T, Yang C. Salvianolic acid A targeting the transgelin-actin complex to enhance vasoconstriction. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:246-258. [PMID: 30361065 PMCID: PMC6286650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza is used extensively to treat cardiovascular diseases. SAA is a major bioactive component in Salvia miltiorrhiza and mediates myocardial ischemia (MI). However, the industrial production of SAA is limited due to low yields. In addition, the direct targets of SAA are unknown. Here we explore cardioprotective mechanisms and targets of SAA in the cardiovascular system. METHODS Transgelin and actin were identified as targets of SAA using a chemical biology method and were validated by Biacore analysis, microscale thermophoresis and single-molecule imaging. Studies of transgelin (-/-) knockout mice further verify the target. Cardioprotective mechanisms and targets of SAA were studied in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and transgenic mice. FINDINGS In WT mice, SAA targeted transgelin and had a protective effect on myocardium but did not have the same protective effect on transgelin (-/-) mice. SAA stabilizes the transgelin-actin complex, modulates the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, facilitates F-actin bundling, further enhances the contractility and blood flows of coronary arteries, and improves outcomes of myocardial ischemia. Based on the target, a more active SAA derivative offering myocardial protection, SAA-30, was obtained. INTERPRETATION We report on the direct targets of SAA and mechanisms of myocardial ischemia treatment. We also find that transgelin may act as a novel therapeutic target of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, a more effective derivative of SAA provides the basis for further clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Longcong Huai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yuanhao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Lingfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Honglian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China.
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12
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Mert H, Yılmaz H, Irak K, Yıldırım S, Mert N. Investigation of the Protective Effect of Kefir against Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:259-272. [PMID: 29805276 PMCID: PMC5960824 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effects of kefir against myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 8 rats. The control group, the kefir group (5 mL/kg/d kefir administered to rats as intra-gastric gavage for 60 d), the ISO group (100 mg/kg ISO was administered to rats, s.c. on 61. and 62. d), and kefir+ISO group (5 mL/kg/d kefir was administered to rats intra gastric gavage for 60 days prior to ISO, 100 mg/kg in two doses on day 61 and 62). 12 h after the last ISO dose, all rats were decapitated and their blood samples were collected. Cardiac tissue was reserved for histopathological examination. creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides, total cholesterol,very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and glucose were measured by autoanalyzer, whole blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. It was determined that in the group of kefir+ISO, the levels of AST (p<0.001), CK (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), MDA (p<0.001) and AOPP (p<0.001) were decreased, while the GSH (p<0.05) increased, compared to ISO group. There were no significant changes in lipid profile and glucose levels between these two groups. In conclusion, by examining cardiac enzymes and histopathological changes in cardiac tissue, it can be concluded that the administration of kefir in myocardial infarction induced by ISO can protect the heart with its antioxidant characteristic and minimize the toxic damage created by ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Mert
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van 65090, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van 65090, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Irak
- Department of Biochemistry, Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt, 56100, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, 25030, Turkey
| | - Nihat Mert
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van 65090, Turkey
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Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Raza SM, Bashir S, Madni A, Khan MW, Ma X, Xiang G. Liposomal co-delivered oleanolic acid attenuates doxorubicin-induced multi-organ toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47136-47153. [PMID: 28525367 PMCID: PMC5564550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin in combination with other cytotoxic drugs has clinical advantages. However, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity negatively impacts clinical utility and outcomes. Cardiotoxicity can result from increased oxidative stress or from a local cytochrome P450 mediated increase in 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with free radical scavenging, cardioprotective, and P450-mediated cyclooxygenase-upregulating properties. We investigated co-delivery of liposomal OA and doxorubicin in a HepG2 model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OA attenuated the cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin without compromising its anticancer activity. Apoptosis assays revealed that co-delivery of DOX and OA produced a synergistic anticancer effect. However, the drugs had antagonistic effects on cardiomyocytes. Female BALB/c nude mice treated with OA- and DOX-loaded liposomes (ODLs) exhibited reduced tumor growth, stable body weight, and stable organ indices. Reduced 20-HETE production suggested ODLs had limited cardiotoxicity. No changes in biochemical or histopathological markers were observed in mice treated with ODLs. Tailored co-delivery of OA and DOX may thus be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Attia Afzal
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Masood Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sajid Bashir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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Long Z, Duan G, Li H, Yi T, Wu X, Chen F, Wu Z, Gao Y. Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 may be involved in delayed cardioprotection from preconditioning induced by diazoxide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181903. [PMID: 28750029 PMCID: PMC5531499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to use long-term diazoxide treatment to establish a loss-of-cardioprotection model and then perform proteomics analysis to explore which proteins of mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) are potentially involved in delayed cardioprotection. Rats received 1 to 8 weeks of diazoxide treatments (20 mg•kg-1•d-1) to establish a loss-of-cardioprotection model in different groups. Detection of serum cTnI levels and cell apoptosis assays in heart tissue were performed. Then, rats MIM after 0, 4 and 6 weeks of diazoxide treatment was isolated and proteomics analysis was performed. An invitro model of H9C2 cells was performed to explore the effects of targeted protein on delayed cardioprotection. The effect of delayed cardioprotection by diazoxide preconditioning disappeared when diazoxide treatments were given for six weeks or longer. Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) was identified in the proteomics analysis. UQCRC1 expression was upregulated by diazoxide treatment in H9C2 cells, and UQCRC1 down-regulation could increase the lactate dehydrogenase release and apoptosis rate after injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation. These results showed that UQCRC1 might contribute to the loss-of-cardioprotection model induced by long-term diazoxide treatment and play a role in delayed cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghong Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tingting Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoxi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Natural products with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities against autoimmune myocarditis. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:34-42. [PMID: 28757189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium associated with immune dysfunction which may frequently lead to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis is an animal model which mimics myocarditis in order to allow assessment of the therapeutic effects of different molecules on this disease. We aimed to review the inflammatory and immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the myocarditis and finding natural products and phytochemicals with anti-myocarditis activities based on studies of cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rodents. A number of natural molecules (e.g. apigenin, berberine and quercetin) along with some plant extracts were found to be effective in alleviating experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Upregulation of Th1-type cytokines and elevation of the Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), mitigation of oxidative stress, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and increasing Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase levels are among the most important anti-myocarditis mechanisms for the retrieved molecules and extracts. Interestingly, there are structural similarities between the anti-EAM compounds, suggesting the presence of similar pharmacophore and enzymatic targets for these molecules. Naturally occurring molecules discussed in the present article are potential anti-myocarditis drugs and future additional animal studies and clinical trials would shed more light on their effectiveness in the treatment of myocarditis and prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric determination of triterpenes in human fluids: Evaluation of markers of dietary intake of olive oil and metabolic disposition of oleanolic acid and maslinic acid in humans. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 990:84-95. [PMID: 29029746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil is rich in several minor components like maslinic (MA) and oleanolic (OA) acids which have cardioprotective, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to assess the health benefits in humans provided by the olive oil triterpenes (MA and OA), suitable analytical methods able to quantify the low concentrations expected in human fluids are required. In this study, the LC-MS/MS quantification of both OA and MA in plasma and urine has been evaluated. The plasmatic method is based on the direct determination of the analytes. The urinary detection requires more sensitivity which was reached by derivatization with 2-picolylamine. Additionally, the urinary species present after MA and OA ingestion were evaluated by the direct detection of several phase II metabolites previously synthesized. Our results showed that OA is metabolized as both sulfate and glucuronide conjugates whereas MA is mainly excreted as glucuronide. Based on this information, the method for the urinary detection of MA and OA involved an enzymatic hydrolysis. Both plasmatic and urinary methods were validated with suitable precision and accuracy at all tested levels. Required sensitivity was achieved in both matrices. Up to our knowledge, this is the first method able to quantify the low concentration levels of triterpenes present in urine. Samples from two healthy volunteers who received virgin olive oils with different triterpenes content were analyzed. Some preliminary clues on the metabolic disposition of OA and MA after olive oil intake are provided.
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Dhivya V, Priya LB, Chirayil HT, Sathiskumar S, Huang CY, Padma VV. Piperine modulates isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia through antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic effect in male Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:705-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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A. P, Varghese MV, S. A, P. SR, Mathew AK, Nair A, Nair RH, K.G. R. Polyphenol rich ethanolic extract from Boerhavia diffusa L. mitigates angiotensin II induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:427-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cheng LJ, Li GP, Li J, Chen Y, Wang XH. Effects of Fluvastatin on Characteristics of Stellate Ganglion Neurons in a Rabbit Model of Myocardial Ischemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:549-56. [PMID: 26904989 PMCID: PMC4804436 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.176991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stellate ganglion (SG) plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. The electrical activity of SG neurons is involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of fluvastatin on the electrophysiological characteristics of SG neurons in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia (MI). METHODS The MI model was induced by abdominal subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol in rabbits. Using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we studied the characteristic changes of ion channels and action potentials (APs) in isolated SG neurons in control group (n = 20), MI group (n = 20) and fluvastatin pretreated group (fluvastatin group, n = 20), respectively. The protein expression of sodium channel in SG was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS MI and the intervention of fluvastatin did not have significantly influence on the characteristics of delayed rectifier potassium channel currents. The maximal peak current density of sodium channel currents in SG neurons along with the characteristics of activation curves, inactivation curves, and recovery curves after inactivation were changed in the MI group. The peak current densities of control group, MI group, and fluvastatin group (n = 10 in each group) were -71.77 ± 23.22 pA/pF, -126.75 ± 18.90 pA/pF, and -86.42 ± 28.30 pA/pF, respectively (F = 4.862, P = 0.008). Fluvastatin can decrease the current amplitude which has been increased by MI. Moreover, fluvastatin induced the inactivation curves and post-inactive recovery curves moving to the position of the control group. But the expression of sodium channel-associated protein (Nav1.7) had no significantly statistical difference among the three groups. The percentages of Nav1.7 protein in control group, MI group, and fluvastatin group (n = 5 in each group) were 21.49 ± 7.33%, 28.53 ± 8.26%, and 21.64 ± 2.78%, respectively (F = 1.495, P = 0.275). Moreover, MI reduced the electrical activity of AP and increased amplitude of AP, fluvastatin pretreatment could recover amplitude and electrical activity of AP. The probability of neurons induced continuous APs were 44.44%, 14.29%, and 28.57% in control group, MI group, and fluvastatin group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin pretreatment can recover electrophysiology characteristics of ion channel and AP in SG neurons in a rabbit model of MI. It could be considered as potential method for treating coronary heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Ping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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20
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Di Gangi IM, Mazza T, Fontana A, Copetti M, Fusilli C, Ippolito A, Mattivi F, Latiano A, Andriulli A, Vrhovsek U, Pazienza V. Metabolomic profile in pancreatic cancer patients: a consensus-based approach to identify highly discriminating metabolites. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5815-29. [PMID: 26735340 PMCID: PMC4868723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths due to its aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome. There is a considerable variability in the frequency of serum tumor markers in cancer' patients. We performed a metabolomics screening in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Experimental Design Two targeted metabolomic assays were conducted on 40 serum samples of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 40 healthy controls. Multivariate methods and classification trees were performed. Materials and Methods Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (SPLS-DA) was used to reduce the high dimensionality of a pancreatic cancer metabolomic dataset, differentiating between pancreatic cancer (PC) patients and healthy subjects. Using Random Forest analysis palmitic acid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol, lanosterol, lignoceric acid, 1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol, cholesterol 5α,6α epoxide, erucic acid and taurolithocholic acid (T-LCA), oleoyl-L-carnitine, oleanolic acid were identified among 206 metabolites as highly discriminating between disease states. Comparison between Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for palmitic acid and CA 19-9 showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of palmitic acid (AUC=1.000; 95% confidence interval) is significantly higher than CA 19-9 (AUC=0.963; 95% confidence interval: 0.896-1.000). Conclusion Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling of sera from pancreatic cancer patients and normal subjects showed significant alterations in the profiles of the metabolome of PC patients as compared to controls. These findings offer an information-rich matrix for discovering novel candidate biomarkers with diagnostic or prognostic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Maria Di Gangi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- Unit of Bioinformatics, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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Effect of micronization process on the functional component content and anti-inflammatory activity of Luffa cylindrical peel. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mosa RA, Hlophe NB, Ngema NT, Penduka D, Lawal OA, Opoku AR. Cardioprotective potential of a lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3244-3248. [PMID: 27572517 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1223144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The current rapid increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events indicates a need for the discovery of more effective cardioprotective agents. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the cardioprotective potential of a lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia (Benrh.) Engl. stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spectroscopic data analysis was used to confirm the structure of methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9, 24-dien-21-oate (RA-3). The cardioprotective effect of RA-3 in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemic rats was investigated. Rats were divided into the normal diet (ND) fed and high fat diet (HFD) fed groups. The HFD rats were further subdivided into three groups. The experimental group was orally administered with RA-3 (100 mg/kg) for 15 days. The rats were then injected with isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) to induce myocardial injury. At the end of the experiment, hearts and blood tissues were collected and used for histology and biochemical assays, respectively. RESULTS RA-3 exhibited a cardioprotective effect as it minimized myocardial injury in HFD rats. Few lesions of acute hyaline degeneration and reduced fat deposition were observed in the heart tissue of the triterpene pretreated rats. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was decreased in the blood of the RA-3 pretreated rats (44.1 mU/mL) compared to the untreated group (64.8 mU/mL). Increased glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity along with lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the triterpene pretreated animals (120.8 nmol/μL) than in the non-treated HFD fed rats (143.6 nmol/μL) were also observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effect exhibited by RA-3 indicates its potential use in the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebamang A Mosa
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Nomadlozi B Hlophe
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Namani T Ngema
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Dambudzo Penduka
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Oladipupo A Lawal
- b Natural Products Research Unit , Lagos State University , Ojo , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Andy R Opoku
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
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Boshra V, Atwa A. Effect of cerebrolysin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in an experimental rat model of myocardial ischemia. Physiol Int 2016; 103:310-320. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hassan MQ, Akhtar MS, Akhtar M, Ali J, Haque SE, Najmi AK. Edaravone, a potent free radical scavenger and a calcium channel blocker attenuate isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction by suppressing oxidative stress, apoptotic signaling and ultrastructural damage. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 10:214-23. [PMID: 26868288 PMCID: PMC5942626 DOI: 10.1177/1753944716630653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated whether combination therapy of low-dose benidipine with the potent free radical scavenger edaravone has a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were pretreated with concurrent doses of benidipine and edaravone (1 μg/kg/day + 1 mg/kg/day and 3 μg/kg/day + 3 mg/kg/day) by intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes respectively for 28 days, followed by MI induction using ISO (85 mg/kg) by subcutaneous route for two days at 24 h intervals. After the treatment period, blood was withdrawn and the heart was preserved for biochemical estimations. RESULTS The activities of the cardiac biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased, while antioxidant markers (reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxidase dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) were significantly decreased in the ISO intoxicated group compared with the control group. Moreover, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Caspase-3 activity significantly increased in ISO-intoxicated group. An ultrastructure study was also carried out. Pretreatment with a combination of benidipine and edaravone significantly attenuated the activities of the cardiac biomarkers and the level of MDA, and significantly increased the antioxidant markers compared with the ISO-intoxicated group. Furthermore, pretreatment with the combination of benidipine and edaravone significantly decreased the level of CRP and Caspase-3 activity as compared to the ISO-treated group. The ultrastructure study of myocardium revealed that pretreated groups preserved the mitochondrial shape, the membrane and its internal structures. CONCLUSION Taken together these results suggest that the combination of benidipine and edaravone showed significant protective effect in ISO-induced MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Quamrul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Panda V, Laddha A, Nandave M, Srinath S. Dietary Phenolic Acids ofMacrotyloma uniflorum(Horse Gram) Protect the Rat Heart Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1146-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy; Jote Joy Building, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Ankit Laddha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy; Jote Joy Building, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology; SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS; Vile Parle (W) Mumbai 400056 India
| | - Sudhamani Srinath
- Department of Pathology; Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College; Navi Mumbai India
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Zhao C, Meng F, Geng L, Zhao X, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Qin S. Cardiac-protective effects and the possible mechanisms of alatamine during acute myocardial ischemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:433-40. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alatamine is a constituent in the extract of a traditional herbal medicine Ramulus euonymi widely used for cardiac protection. However, its precise effects remain unclear. In the present study, we found that alatamine was able to reduce acute myocardial ischemia (AMI)-induced cardiac dysfunction in a rat model, as reflected by significantly restored electrocardiograms, M-mode echocardiograms, and left ventricular hemodynamics. Also, Nagar Olsen staining revealed that alatamine markedly reduced AMI-induced cardiac injury and cardiac myocyte apoptosis. TUNEL and caspase-3 activity assay showed that cardiac myocytes underwent significant apoptosis during AMI, and levels of LDH and CK-MB increased in the serum. However, such changes were significantly inhibited by pre-administration of alatamine. Furthermore, such anti-apoptotic effects of alatamine was also confirmed in a cardiac myocyte model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced damage. Mechanistically, it was also found that alatamine improved the expression and activity of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), which were inhibited during AMI, promoting contractility and relaxation. Meanwhile, alatamine decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2 expressions both in vivo and in vitro, therefore inhibiting cardiac myocyte apoptosis and preventing cardiac dysfunction caused by AMI at the cellular level. The present study revealed the beneficial role of alatamine in cardiac protection and highlighted it as a potential therapeutic reagent for reduction of AMI-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Fanxin Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Geng
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhi Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
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Mukthamba P, Srinivasan K. Hypolipidemic influence of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and garlic (Allium sativum) in experimental myocardial infarction. Food Funct 2016. [PMID: 26220304 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00240k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective influence of dietary fibre-rich fenugreek seeds and the well-established hypolipidemic spice garlic was evaluated both individually and in combination in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. It was particularly examined whether pretreatment with dietary fenugreek, garlic or fenugreek + garlic would be beneficial under hypercholesterolemic conditions by their influence on the tissue lipid profile. Four groups each of male Wistar rats were maintained on either a basal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Dietary interventions with fenugreek, garlic and the combination of fenugreek and garlic were made by including 10% fenugreek seed powder, 2% freeze-dried garlic powder, and 10% fenugreek seed powder + 2% garlic powder. At the end of the diet regimen, myocardial infarction was induced with isoproterenol (i.p. 80 mg kg(-1)) twice at intervals of 12 h. The disturbed activities of cardiac marker enzymes in serum and the heart confirmed isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. Dietary fenugreek, garlic or fenugreek + garlic was found to ameliorate the pathological changes in heart tissue and lipid abnormalities in serum and the heart, the beneficial effect being higher with the combination of fenugreek and garlic, invariably amounting to an additive effect. The results also indicated that the hypercholesterolemic situation aggravated the myocardial damage during isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. This dietary intervention study suggested that the combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic offers a higher beneficial influence in exerting the cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttaswamy Mukthamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protective effects of embelin and carnosic acid in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury in rats. Life Sci 2016; 147:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Padma VV, Baskaran R, Divya S, Priya LB, Saranya S. Modulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia extract on Cd-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:48-55. [PMID: 28462097 PMCID: PMC5381431 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd), a nonessential heavy metal, is a major environmental and public health concern. Oxidative stress plays an important role in Cd-induced kidney dysfunction. Tinospora cordifolia, a medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals, possesses antioxidant activity. The objective of the present study was to assess the protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia-stem methanolic extract (TCE) on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were administered ∼5 mg/kg body weight Cd orally and 100 mg/kg body weight TCE for 28 days. At the end of Cd and TCE treatment, biochemical assays were performed in serum and tissue homogenate. Results Cd-induced oxidative stress in the kidney resulted in increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content with a significant decrease in cellular antioxidants, such as reduced GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, and GST. Cd-induced nephrotoxicity was further confirmed by marked changes in the histology of the kidney and increased levels of kidney markers. Additionally, Cd-treated rats showed alterations in membrane-bound ATPase activity and decreased levels of tissue glycoproteins. Cotreatment with TCE considerably reduced the biochemical alterations in serum and renal tissue induced by Cd, and also restored ATPase activity and glycoproteins to near normal levels. Conclusion Our results suggested that TCE with its antioxidant effect offered cytoprotection against Cd-induced toxicity in kidneys by restoring the altered cellular antioxidants and renal markers. TCE treatment for 28 days reversed ATPase activity and tissue glycoprotein levels. These results revealed the protective effect of TCE on Cd-induced toxicity in kidneys and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,DRDO BU Center for Life Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- DRDO BU Center for Life Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Divya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sithuraj Saranya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nkeh-Chungag BN, Oyedeji OO, Oyedeji AO, Ndebia EJ. Anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing properties of two semisynthetic derivatives of oleanolic acid. Inflammation 2015; 38:61-9. [PMID: 25173889 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation and methylation semisynthesis of oleanolic acid (OA) isolated from Syzygium aromaticum L. yielded two compounds: 3-acetoxyoleanolic acid (3-AOA) and 3-acetoxy, 28-methylester oleanolic acid (3-A,28-MOA). Anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds were assessed using the serotonin and fresh egg albumin-induced inflammatory test models in male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g. Furthermore, erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing property of these compounds was evaluated in the heat- and hypotonicity-induced in vitro hemolysis test models. The two semisynthetic compounds significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited albumin-induced inflammation better than OA and indomethacin from 1-5 h post administration. Both compounds were membrane stabilizing in heat-induced hemolysis test while only 3-AOA showed membrane-stabilizing effects in a hypotonic milieu. Semisynthesis of OA yielded two compounds which had better in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro membrane-stabilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, PB X1, Mthatha, 5117, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa,
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Abstract
Previous study has demonstrated that oleanolic acid (OA) possessing the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties blunted high-glucose-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy and ameliorated experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice. However, little is known about its effects on pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Herein, we investigated the effect of OA on cardiac remodeling and underlying mechanism. Mice, subjected to aortic banding (AB), were randomly assigned into control group and experimental group. OA premixed in diets was administered to mice after 3 days of AB. Echocardiography and catheter-based measurements of hemodynamic parameters were performed after 8 weeks' treatment of OA. Histologic examination and molecular analyses were used to assess cardiac hypertrophy and tissue fibrosis. In addition, the inhibitory effects of OA on H9c2 cardiomyocytes and cardiac primary fibroblast responded to the stimulation of AngII were also investigated. OA ameliorated the systolic and diastolic dysfunction induced by pressure overload evidenced by echocardiography and catheter-based measurements. OA also decreased the mRNA expression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers evidenced by RT-PCR. It has been shown in our study that pressure overload activated the phosphorylations of Akt, mTOR, p70s6k, S6, GSK3β, and FoxO3a, and treatment of OA attenuated the phosphorylation of these proteins. In addition, hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and fibrosis markers induced by AngII was inhibited by OA in vitro. Our findings uncover that OA suppressed AB-induced cardiac hypertrophy, partly by inhibiting the activity of Akt/mTOR pathway, and suggest that treatment of OA may have a benefit on retarding the progress of cardiac remodeling under long terms of pressure overload.
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Sánchez-Quesada C, López-Biedma A, Gaforio JJ. Oleanolic Acid, a Compound Present in Grapes and Olives, Protects against Genotoxicity in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26225949 PMCID: PMC6332039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (AO) and maslinic acid (MA) are constituents of the skins of different fruits, including olives and white or red grapes. Although both compounds are known to have beneficial properties against different types of cancers, thus far, there are no studies about their chemopreventive effects in human breast cancer. Thus, we sought to elucidate whether both compounds possess chemopreventive activity. Two cell lines of human breast cancer cells and one noncancerous human mammary epithelial cells were used to determine the effects of OA and MA. The results showed that OA inhibited the proliferation and increased the oxidative stress of highly invasive cells. Additionally, OA decreased oxidative stress and oxidative damage to the DNA in human mammary epithelial cells. These results suggest that OA could act as a chemopreventive agent in human breast cancer and could inhibit the proliferation of highly invasive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Quesada
- Immunology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Alicia López-Biedma
- Immunology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - José J Gaforio
- Immunology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Maslinic Acid enhances signals for the recruitment of macrophages and their differentiation to m1 state. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:654721. [PMID: 25821495 PMCID: PMC4364129 DOI: 10.1155/2015/654721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is involved in the genesis and evolution of different diseases like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Macrophages play a central role in inflammation. In addition, they can regulate some stages of cancer development. Macrophages can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotype depending on the cytokines present in the tissue microenvironment. On the other hand, triterpenes found in virgin olive oil are described to present different properties, such as antitumoral and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study was designed to elucidate if the four major triterpenes found in virgin olive oil (oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, uvaol, and erythrodiol) are able to enhance M1 macrophage response which represents an important defense mechanism against cancer. Our results indicated that maslinic acid modulated the inflammatory response by enhancing the production of IL-8, IL-1α, and IL-1β; it promoted M1 response through the synthesis of IFN-γ; and finally it did not modify significantly the levels of NFκβ or NO. Overall, our results showed that maslinic acid could prevent chronic inflammation, which represents a crucial step in the development of some cancers.
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Wang S, He HB, Xiao SZ, Wang JZ, Bai CH, Wei N, Zou K. Comparison of cardioprotective effects of labeled and unlabeled oleanoic acids with new BOPIM dye on primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:677-85. [PMID: 24948071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that fluorescent labeling has recently become a major research tool in molecular and cellular biology for demonstrating therapeutic mechanisms and metabolic pathways. However, few studies have reported the use of fluorescent labeling of natural products. METHODS We recently explored the boron 2-(2'-pyridyl) imidazole (BOPIM) derivative analogs, which are highly fluorescent, non-aggregated, and nontoxic. In the present study, the natural product oleanolic acid (OA) was functionalized and labeled with BOPIM, thus yielding a highly fluorescent probe, the comparison of cardioprotective effects of labeled and unlabeled OAs with BOPIM on primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury were investigated. RESULTS Pretreatment with OA and BOPIM-OA significantly prevented the H/R induced cell death in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. However, BOPIM exhibited no improvements on the H/R injury cardiomyocytes, and which were similar to those of the H/R group. The results of comparison of cardioprotective effects between labeled and unlabeled OAs with BOPIM showed that introducing the BOPIM chromophore did not make a difference with H/R injury cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION BOPIM chromophore is a suitable probe for investigating the pharmacological mechanisms of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-bo He
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
| | - Shu-zhang Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-zhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Cai-hong Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Na Wei
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
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Oleanolic acid modulates the immune-inflammatory response in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis and protects from cardiac injury. Therapeutic implications for the human disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:250-62. [PMID: 24732212 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are inflammatory diseases of the myocardium, for which appropriate treatment remains a major clinical challenge. Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural triterpene widely distributed in food and medicinal plants, possesses a large range of biological effects with beneficial properties for health and disease prevention. Several experimental approaches have shown its cardioprotective actions, and OA has recently been proven effective for treating Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases; however, its effect on inflammatory heart disorders, including myocarditis, has not yet been addressed. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of OA in prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). The utility of OA was evaluated in vivo through their administration to cardiac α-myosin (MyHc-α614-629)-immunized BALB/c mice from day 0 or day 21 post-immunization to the end of the experiment, and in vitro through their addition to stimulated-cardiac cells. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of OA dramatically decreased disease severity: the heart weight/body weight ratio as well as plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and myosin-specific autoantibodies production were significantly reduced in OA-treated EAM animals, compared with untreated ones. Histological heart analysis showed that OA-treatment diminished cell infiltration, fibrosis and dystrophic calcifications. OA also decreased proliferation of cardiac fibroblast in vitro and attenuated calcium and collagen deposition induced by relevant cytokines of active myocarditis. Furthermore, in OA-treated EAM mice the number of Treg cells and the production of IL-10 and IL-35 were markedly increased, while proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines were significantly reduced. We demonstrate that OA ameliorates both developing and established EAM by promoting an antiinflammatory cytokine profile and by interfering with the generation of cardiac-specific autoantibodies, as well as through direct protective effects on cardiac cells. Therefore, we envision this natural product as novel helpful tool for intervention in inflammatory cardiomyopathies including myocarditis.
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Deciphering molecular mechanism underlying hypolipidemic activity of echinocystic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:823154. [PMID: 24669228 PMCID: PMC3942287 DOI: 10.1155/2014/823154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that a triterpene mixture, consisting of echinocystic acid (EA) and oleanolic acid (OA) at a ratio of 4 : 1, dose-dependently ameliorated the hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with high fat/high cholesterol diets. This study was aimed at exploring the mechanisms underlying antihyperlipidemic effect of EA. Molecular docking simulation of EA was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (version: 4.3.0) to investigate the potential targets related to lipid metabolism. Based on the molecular docking information, isotope labeling method or spectrophotometry was applied to examine the effect of EA on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in rat liver microsomes. Our results revealed a strong affinity of EA towards ACAT and DGAT in molecular docking analysis, while low binding affinity existed between EA and HMG-CoA reductase as well as between EA and cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Consistent with the results of molecular docking, in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that EA inhibited ACAT and DGAT, with IC50 values of 103 and 139 μM, respectively, and exhibited no significant effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity. The present findings suggest that EA may exert hypolipidemic effect by inhibiting the activity of ACAT and DGAT.
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Gabás-Rivera C, Martínez-Beamonte R, Ríos JL, Navarro MA, Surra JC, Arnal C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Osada J. Dietary oleanolic acid mediates circadian clock gene expression in liver independently of diet and animal model but requires apolipoprotein A1. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2100-9. [PMID: 24231102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is a triterpene widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and present in virgin olive oil at a concentration of 57 mg/kg. To test the hypotheses that its long-term administration could modify hepatic gene expression in several animal models and that this could be influenced by the presence of APOA1-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), diets including 0.01% oleanolic acid were provided to Apoe- and Apoa1-deficient mice and F344 rats. Hepatic transcriptome was analyzed in Apoe-deficient mice fed long-term semipurified Western diets differing in the oleanolic acid content. Gene expression changes, confirmed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were sought for their implication in hepatic steatosis. To establish the effect of oleanolic acid independently of diet and animal model, male rats were fed chow diet with or without oleanolic acid, and to test the influence of HDL, Apoa1-deficient mice consuming the latter diet were used. In Apoe-deficient mice, oleanolic acid intake increased hepatic area occupied by lipid droplets with no change in oxidative stress. Bmal1 and the other core component of the circadian clock, Clock, together with Elovl3, Tubb2a and Cldn1 expressions, were significantly increased, while Amy2a5, Usp2, Per3 and Thrsp were significantly decreased in mice receiving the compound. Bmal1 and Cldn1 expressions were positively associated with lipid droplets. Increased Clock and Bmal1 expressions were also observed in rats, but not in Apoa1-deficient mice. The core liver clock components Clock-Bmal1 are a target of oleanolic acid in two animal models independently of the diets provided, and this compound requires APOA1-HDL for its hepatic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gabás-Rivera
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Saleem MTS, Chetty MC, Kavimani S. Putative antioxidant property of sesame oil in an oxidative stress model of myocardial injury. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2013; 4:177-81. [PMID: 24396257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcdr.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame oil is a potent antioxidant dietary source for human health. Oxidative stress through generation of free radicals damages the myocardium in different experimental condition. The present research was designed to evaluate the antioxidant property of chronic oral administration of sesame oil against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) and treated as per treatment protocol with two different doses of sesame oil (5 and 10 ml/kg b.w.) orally for thirty days. At the end of the treatment all the rats (except control rats) were administered with isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) two consecutive days and subjected to biochemical and histopathological estimation. Isoproterenol (group ISO) induced the oxidative myocardial damage via alteration in the endogenous antioxidant enzymes and myocardial marker enzymes. Sesame oil in both the dose (group S1 and S2) shows protective mechanism via decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase). Sesame oil also increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) as a myocardial marker enzyme in heart homogenate. As histologically evident isoproterenol induced myocardial injury was well preserved by the chronic administration of sesame oil. The protective role of sesame oil was compared with the reference standard α-tocopherol (group S3) also showing the similar effect. CONCLUSION From this finding it has been concluded that chronic administration of sesame oil offers cardio protective action via putative antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T S Saleem
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada & Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Andhra Pradesh 516126, India
| | - Madhusudhana C Chetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 516126, India
| | - S Kavimani
- Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry 605006, India
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WANG ZB, YANG H, GUO CY. Protection of Water Extract from Paeoniae Radix Rubra against Myocardial Ischemia in Mice Induced by Isoproterenol. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(13)60037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kareem MA, Gadhamsetty SK, Shaik AH, Prasad EM, Kodidhela LD. Protective effect of nutmeg aqueous extract against experimentally-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2013; 4:216-23. [PMID: 24459388 PMCID: PMC3891177 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutmeg a well-known spice used as a folk medicine in India to treat stomach ailments. Worldwide it is commonly used for food preservation and fragrance. Abundant references were given for nutmeg in ayurveda, unani, and siddha as a single drug or as an important constituent in formulations. OBJECTIVE In the present study, nutmeg aqueous extract (NMAET) was evaluated against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant enzymes, liver functions tests, and lipid profile tests were performed using standard procedures. Histological examination of liver was done by fixing in formaldehyde solution and hematoxylin staining. RESULTS Oral administration of NMAET effectively inhibited the ISO-induced changes in the activities of hepatic marker and antioxidant enzymes in plasma and heart tissue along with lipid peroxidation levels. The liver sections of ISO administered rats showed massive fatty changes, necrosis, ballooning degeneration, and broad infiltration of the lymphocytes and the loss of cellular boundaries; these changes were completely absent in groups treated with extract. Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range tests were used to perform statistical analysis. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the NMAET possess significant potential as hepatoprotective and antioxidative agent against ISO-induced damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdul Kareem
- Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Saayi Krushna Gadhamsetty
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Althaf Hussain Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Joy Hoskeri H, Krishna V, Vinay Kumar B, Shridar AH, Ramesh Babu K, Sudarshana MS. In Vivo prophylactic effects of oleanolic acid isolated from chloroform extract of Flaveria trinervia against ethanol induced liver toxicity in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1803-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chios Mastic Fractions in Experimental Colitis: Implication of the Nuclear Factor κB Pathway in Cultured HT29 Cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:974-83. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Mapanga RF, Rajamani U, Dlamini N, Zungu-Edmondson M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Shafiullah M, Wahab A, Hasan MY, Fahim MA, Rondeau P, Bourdon E, Essop MF. Oleanolic acid: a novel cardioprotective agent that blunts hyperglycemia-induced contractile dysfunction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47322. [PMID: 23091615 PMCID: PMC3473042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes constitutes a major health challenge. Since cardiovascular complications are common in diabetic patients this will further increase the overall burden of disease. Furthermore, stress-induced hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction is associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Previous studies implicate oxidative stress, excessive flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and a dysfunctional ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as potential mediators of this process. Since oleanolic acid (OA; a clove extract) possesses antioxidant properties, we hypothesized that it attenuates acute and chronic hyperglycemia-mediated pathophysiologic molecular events (oxidative stress, apoptosis, HBP, UPS) and thereby improves contractile function in response to ischemia-reperfusion. We employed several experimental systems: 1) H9c2 cardiac myoblasts were exposed to 33 mM glucose for 48 hr vs. controls (5 mM glucose); and subsequently treated with two OA doses (20 and 50 µM) for 6 and 24 hr, respectively; 2) Isolated rat hearts were perfused ex vivo with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 33 mM glucose vs. controls (11 mM glucose) for 60 min, followed by 20 min global ischemia and 60 min reperfusion ± OA treatment; 3) In vivo coronary ligations were performed on streptozotocin treated rats ± OA administration during reperfusion; and 4) Effects of long-term OA treatment (2 weeks) on heart function was assessed in streptozotocin-treated rats. Our data demonstrate that OA treatment blunted high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in heart cells. OA therapy also resulted in cardioprotection, i.e. for ex vivo and in vivo rat hearts exposed to ischemia-reperfusion under hyperglycemic conditions. In parallel, we found decreased oxidative stress, apoptosis, HBP flux and proteasomal activity following ischemia-reperfusion. Long-term OA treatment also improved heart function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. These findings are promising since it may eventually result in novel therapeutic interventions to treat acute hyperglycemia (in non-diabetic patients) and diabetic patients with associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudo F. Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Uthra Rajamani
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Dlamini
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Shafiullah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athiq Wahab
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Y. Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A. Fahim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Groupe d’Etude sur l’Inflammation Chronique et l’Obésité (GEICO), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Groupe d’Etude sur l’Inflammation Chronique et l’Obésité (GEICO), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Nounou HA, Deif MM, Shalaby MA. Effect of flaxseed supplementation and exercise training on lipid profile, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with myocardial ischemia. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:129. [PMID: 23036047 PMCID: PMC3508923 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Flaxseed has recently gained attention in the area of cardiovascular disease primarily because of its rich contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, and fiber. Although the benefits of exercise on any single risk factor are unquestionable, the effect of exercise on overall cardiovascular risk, when combined with other lifestyle modifications such as proper nutrition, can be dramatic. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of flaxseed and exercise on cardiac markers, lipids profile and inflammatory markers in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia in rats. Methods The research was conducted on 40 male albino rats, divided into 4 groups (n=10): group I served as control, group II has acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol, groups III and IV have acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol pretreated with flaxseed supplementation orally for 6 weeks, additionally group IV practiced muscular exercise through swimming. Results Alterations of lipid profile, cardiac and inflammatory markers (Il-1β, PTX 3 and TNF- α) were observed in myocardial ischemia group. Flaxseed supplementation combined with exercise training showed significant increase of HDL and PON 1, on the other hand cardiac troponin, Il- 1β and TNF- α levels significantly decreased as compared to myocardial ischemic group. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis of cTnI, PTX 3, Il-1β and TNF- α revealed a satisfactory level of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Regular exercise enhances the improvement in plasma lipoprotein levels and cardiovascular protection that results from flaxseed supplementation by mitigating the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Elevation of HDL, the antioxidant PON 1 and the cardioprotective marker PTX 3 emphasizes the protective effects of flaxseed and muscular exercise mutually against the harmful effects of acute myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howaida A Nounou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hussain Shaik A, Rasool S, Kareem MA, Krushna GS, Akhtar PM, Devi KL. Maslinic Acid Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2012; 15:741-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Althaf Hussain Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S.N. Rasool
- Department of Biochemistry, National P.G. College, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M. Abdul Kareem
- Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Saayi Krushna
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Mohammad Akhtar
- Department of Statistics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kodidhela Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mouli KC. Effectiveness of flavonoid-rich leaf extract of Acalypha indica in reversing experimental myocardial ischemia: biochemical and histopathological evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 10:784-92. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Arnal C, Navarro MA, Osada J. Efficacy of bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oil to modulate atherosclerosis development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1043-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Selvaraj P, Pugalendi KV. Efficacy of hesperidin on plasma, heart and liver tissue lipids in rats subjected to isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:449-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aman U, Vaibhav P, Balaraman R. Tomato lycopene attenuates myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: electrocardiographic, biochemical and anti-apoptotic study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2:345-51. [PMID: 23569928 PMCID: PMC3609310 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the protective effects of lycopene on electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, biochemical and apoptotic changes in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. METHODS Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (200 mg/kg) for two consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were treated with lycopene (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for a period of 30 days and isoproterenol (ISO) was injected on the 29th and 30th day. At the end of experiment i.e. on the 31st day electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, biochemical and apoptotic changes were monitored from control and experimental groups. RESULTS ISO injected rats showed a significant alteration in electrocardiograph pattern and hemodynamic changes (i.e. systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure). It also showed significant increase in C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, nitrite levels and Caspase-3 protease activity. In addition, it also exhibited alteration in the levels of electrolytes (Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+)), vitamin E, uric acid and serum protein. Gel electrophoresis of ISO injected rats showed increase in DNA fragmentation. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of the heart section shows increase area of infarction in ISO injected rats. Pre-co-treatment with lycopene significantly prevented the ISO induced alteration in ECG, haemodynamic, biochemical and apoptotic changes. CONCLUSIONS The present result shows that treatment of lycopene in ISO injected rats significantly attenuates induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upaganlawar Aman
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
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N-acetylcysteine offers cardioprotection by decreasing cardiac lipid hydroperoxides and 8-isoprostane level in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:373-81. [PMID: 21796404 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, NAC alone (100 mg/kg BW orally for 14 days), ISO-control (85 mg/kg BW), and ISO with NAC (for 14 days). Serum creatine kinase-MB and Lactate dehydrogenase were measured. From the heart homogenate lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (GSH), and 8-isoprostane (IP) were measured. Histopathological examination of the heart was also carried out. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in LPO and IP levels in ISO-control group and NAC treatment reduced these changes. Antioxidant enzyme, SOD and GSH, level decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in ISO-control group, and treatment with NAC was able to reverse these changes significantly (P < 0.05). Histopathologically, ISO-control group showed morphological changes suggestive of cardiotoxicity with large areas of coagulative necrosis, with diffused interstitial edema. NAC treatment successfully reduced these histopathological changes. In conclusion, the study proves that NAC has a strong cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac changes. NAC decreases isoproterenol-induced LPO and IP levels in the heart tissue and prevented free radicals-induced damage to the myocardium.
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