1
|
Elmileegy IMH, Waly HSA, Alghriany AAI, Abou Khalil NS, Mahmoud SMM, Negm EA. Gallic acid rescues uranyl acetate induced-hepatic dysfunction in rats by its antioxidant and cytoprotective potentials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:423. [PMID: 37993853 PMCID: PMC10664358 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver was identified as a primary target organ for the chemo-radiological effects of uranyl acetate (UA). Although the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of gallic acid (GA) make it a promising phytochemical to resist its hazards, there is no available data in this area of research. METHODS To address this issue, eighteen rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups. One group was received carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle of GA) and kept as a control. The UA group was injected intraperitoneally with UA at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The third group (GA + UA group) was treated with GA orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days before UA exposure. UA was injected on the 15th day of the experiment in either the UA group or the GA + UA group. The biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings in the GA + UA group were compared to both control and UA groups. RESULTS The results showed that UA exposure led to a range of adverse effects. These included elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein and decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The exposure also disrupted the redox balance, evident through decreased plasma total antioxidant capacity and hepatic nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and increased hepatic oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde. Plasma levels of albumin and alanine aminotransferase did not significantly change in all groups. Histopathological analysis revealed damage to liver tissue, characterized by deteriorations in tissue structure, excessive collagen accumulation, and depletion of glycogen. Furthermore, UA exposure up-regulated the immuno-expression of cleaved caspase-3 and down-regulated the immuno-expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 in hepatic tissues, indicating an induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress response. However, the pre-treatment with GA proved to be effective in mitigating these negative effects induced by UA exposure, except for the disturbances in the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that GA has the potential to act as a protective agent against the adverse effects of UA exposure on the liver. Its ability to restore redox balance and inhibit apoptosis makes it a promising candidate for countering the harmful effects of chemo-radiological agents such as UA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam M H Elmileegy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Hanan S A Waly
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Sara M M Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Eman A Negm
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Renal toxicity and biokinetics models after repeated uranium instillation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4111. [PMID: 36914734 PMCID: PMC10011524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During nuclear fuel processing, workers can potentially be exposed to repeated inhalations of uranium compounds. Uranium nephrotoxicity is well documented after acute uranium intake, but it is controversial after long-term or protracted exposure. This study aims to analyze the nephrotoxicity threshold after repeated uranium exposure through upper airways and to investigate the resulting uranium biokinetics in comparison to reference models. Mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to uranyl nitrate (0.03-3 mg/kg/day) via intranasal instillation four times a week for two weeks. Concentrations of uranium in urines and tissues were measured at regular time points (from day 1 to 91 post-exposure). At each exposure level, the amount of uranium retained in organs/tissues (kidney, lung, bone, nasal compartment, carcass) and excreta (urine, feces) reflected the two consecutive weeks of instillation except for renal uranium retention for the highest uranium dose. Nephrotoxicity biomarkers, KIM-1, clusterin and osteopontin, are induced from day 4 to day 21 and associated with changes in renal function (arterial fluxes) measured using non-invasive functional imaging (Doppler-ultrasonography) and confirmed by renal histopathological analysis. These results suggest that specific biokinetic models should be developed to consider altered uranium excretion and retention in kidney due to nephrotoxicity. The threshold is between 0.25 and 1 mg/kg/day after repeated exposure to uranium via upper airways.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bontemps-Karcher A, Magneron V, Conquet L, Elie C, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Roy L, Barbier OC, Guéguen Y. Renal adaptive response to exposure to low doses of uranyl nitrate and sodium fluoride in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126708. [PMID: 33360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their differences in physicochemical properties, both uranium (U) and fluoride (F) are nephrotoxicants at high doses but their adverse effects at low doses are still the subject of debate. METHODS This study aims to improve the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved through an adaptive response model of C57BL/6 J mice chronically exposed to low priming doses of U (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) or F (0, 15, 30 and 50 mg/L) and then challenged with acute exposure of 5 mg/kg U or 7.5 mg/kg NaF. RESULTS We showed that an adaptive response occurred with priming exposures to 20 mg/L U and 50 mg/L F, with decreased levels of the biomarkers KIM-1 and CLU compared to those in animals that received the challenge dose only (positive control). The adaptive mechanisms involved a decrease in caspase 3/7 activities in animals exposed to 20 mg/L U and a decrease in in situ VCAM expression in mice exposed to 50 mg/L F. However, autophagy and the UPR were induced independently of priming exposure to U or F and could not be identified as adaptive mechanisms to U or F. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results allow us to identify renal adaptive responses to U and F at doses of 20 and 50 mg/L, probably through decrease apoptosis and inflammatory cell recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bontemps-Karcher
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Victor Magneron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Departamento de Toxicología (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, México City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
In Vivo Comparison of the Phenotypic Aspects and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Nephrotoxic Agents, Sodium Fluoride and Uranyl Nitrate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071136. [PMID: 30934888 PMCID: PMC6479911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of their nephrotoxicity and presence in the environment, uranium (U) and fluoride (F) represent risks to the global population. There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of U and F nephrotoxicity and the underlying molecular pathways. The present study aims to compare the threshold of the appearance of renal impairment and to study apoptosis and inflammation as mechanisms of nephrotoxicity. C57BL/6J male mice were intraperitoneally treated with a single dose of U (0, 2, 4 and 5 mg/kg) or F (0, 2, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg) and euthanized 72 h after. Renal phenotypic characteristics and biological mechanisms were evaluated by urine biochemistry, gene/protein expression, enzyme activity, and (immuno)histological analyses. U and F exposures induced nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and the highest concentrations induced severe histopathological alterations as well as increased gene expression and urinary excretion of nephrotoxicity biomarkers. KIM-1 gene expression was induced starting at 2 mg/kg U and 7.5 mg/kg F, and this increase in expression was confirmed through in situ detection of this biomarker of nephrotoxicity. Both treatments induced inflammation as evidenced by cell adhesion molecule expression and in situ levels, whereas caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis was increased only after U treatment. Overall, a single dose of F or U induced histopathologic evidence of nephrotoxicity renal impairment and inflammation in mice with thresholds under 7.5 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sangeetha Vijayan P, Rekha PD, Dinesh U, Arun AB. Biochemical and histopathological responses of the Swiss albino mice treated with uranyl nitrate and its recovery. Ren Fail 2016; 38:770-5. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1160248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
6
|
K N, Devasya RP, Bhagwath AA. Exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter sp. YG4 reduces uranium induced nephrotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:557-61. [PMID: 26582342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Uranium nephrotoxicity is a health concern with very few treatment options. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) possess multiple biological activities and appear as prospective candidates for treating uranium nephrotoxicity. This study focuses on the ability of an EPS produced by a bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. YG4 to reduce uranium nephrotoxicity in vivo. This bacterium was isolated from the gut contents of a slug Laevicaulis alte (Férussac). Based on the aniline blue staining reaction and infrared spectral analysis, the EPS was identified as β-glucan and its molecular weight was 11.99×10(6)Da. The EPS showed hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity in vitro. To assess the protection provided by the EPS against uranium nephrotoxicity, a single dose of 2mg/kg uranyl nitrate was injected intraperitoneally to albino Wistar rats. As intervention, the EPS was administered orally (100mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed on the fifth day and analyses were conducted. Increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and histopathological alterations in kidneys were observed in uranyl nitrate treated animals. All these alterations were reduced with the administration of Enterobacter sp. YG4 EPS, emphasizing a novel approach in treating uranium nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj K
- Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Punchapady Devasya
- Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guzmán L, Durán-Lara EF, Donoso W, Nachtigall FM, Santos LS. In Vivo Nanodetoxication for Acute Uranium Exposure. Molecules 2015; 20:11017-33. [PMID: 26083036 PMCID: PMC6272616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental exposure to uranium is a matter of concern, as U(VI) is nephrotoxic in both human and animal models, and its toxicity is associated to chemical toxicity instead of radioactivity. We synthesized different PAMAM G4 and G5 derivatives in order to prove their interaction with uranium and their effect on the viability of red blood cells in vitro. Furthermore, we prove the effectiveness of the selected dendrimers in an animal model of acute uranium intoxication. The dendrimer PAMAM G4-Lys-Fmoc-Cbz demonstrated the ability to chelate the uranyl ion in vivo, improving the biochemical and histopathologic features caused by acute intoxication with uranium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Guzmán
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
- Nanobiotechnology Division at Talca University, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
| | - Esteban F Durán-Lara
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
- Nanobiotechnology Division at Talca University, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
| | - Wendy Donoso
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
| | - Fabiane M Nachtigall
- Nanobiotechnology Division at Talca University, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
| | - Leonardo S Santos
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
- Nanobiotechnology Division at Talca University, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center for Systems Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, P.O. Box 747, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poisson C, Stefani J, Manens L, Delissen O, Suhard D, Tessier C, Dublineau I, Guéguen Y. Chronic uranium exposure dose-dependently induces glutathione in rats without any nephrotoxicity. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1218-31. [PMID: 25056594 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.945441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uranium is a heavy metal naturally found in the earth's crust that can contaminate the general public population when ingested. The acute effect and notably the uranium nephrotoxicity are well known but knowledge about the effect of chronic uranium exposure is less clear. In a dose-response study we sought to determine if a chronic exposure to uranium is toxic to the kidneys and the liver, and what the anti-oxidative system plays in these effects. Rats were contaminated for 3 or 9 months by uranium in drinking water at different concentrations (0, 1, 40, 120, 400, or 600 mg/L). Uranium tissue content in the liver, kidneys, and bones was linear and proportional to uranium intake after 3 and 9 months of contamination; it reached 6 μg per gram of kidney tissues for the highest uranium level in drinking water. Nevertheless, no histological lesions of the kidney were observed, nor any modification of kidney biomarkers such as creatinine or KIM-1. After 9 months of contamination at and above the 120-mg/L concentration of uranium, lipid peroxidation levels decreased in plasma, liver, and kidneys. Glutathione concentration increased in the liver for the 600-mg/L group, in the kidney it increased dose dependently, up to 10-fold, after 9 months of contamination. Conversely, chronic uranium exposure irregularly modified gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and activities in the liver and kidneys. In conclusion, chronic uranium exposure did not induce nephrotoxic effects under our experimental conditions, but instead reinforced the antioxidant system, especially by increasing glutathione levels in the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Poisson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shaki F, Hosseini MJ, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of depleted uranium on isolated rat kidney mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1940-50. [PMID: 22940002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney is known as the most sensitive target organ for depleted uranium (DU) toxicity in comparison to other organs. Although the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by DU has been well investigated, the precise mechanism of DU-induced nephrotoxicity has not been thoroughly recognized yet. METHODS Kidney mitochondria were obtained using differential centrifugation from Wistar rats and mitochondrial toxicity endpoints were then determined in both in vivo and in vitro uranyl acetate (UA) exposure cases. RESULTS Single injection of UA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Isolated mitochondria from the UA-treated rat kidney showed a marked elevation in oxidative stress accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse as compared to control group. Incubation of isolated kidney mitochondria with UA (50, 100 and 200μM) manifested that UA can disrupt the electron transfer chain at complex II and III that leads to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione oxidation. Disturbances in oxidative phosphorylation were also demonstrated through decreased ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio in UA-treated mitochondria. In addition, UA induced a significant damage in mitochondrial outer membrane. Moreover, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were observed following the UA treatment in isolated mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Both our in vivo and in vitro results showed that UA-induced nephrotoxicity is linked to the impairment of electron transfer chain especially at complex II and III which leads to subsequent oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shaki
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brugge D, Buchner V. Health effects of uranium: new research findings. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2011; 26:231-49. [PMID: 22435323 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2011.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent plans for a nuclear renaissance in both established and emerging economies have prompted increased interest in uranium mining. With the potential for more uranium mining worldwide and a growth in the literature on the toxicology and epidemiology of uranium and uranium mining, we found it timely to review the current state of knowledge. Here, we present a review of the health effects of uranium mining, with an emphasis on newer findings (2005-2011). Uranium mining can contaminate air, water, and soil. The chemical toxicity of the metal constitutes the primary environmental health hazard, with the radioactivity of uranium a secondary concern. The update of the toxicologic evidence on uranium adds to the established findings regarding nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, and developmental defects. Additional novel toxicologic findings, including some at the molecular level, are now emerging that raise the biological plausibility of adverse effects on the brain, on reproduction, including estrogenic effects, on gene expression, and on uranium metabolism. Historically, most epidemiology on uranium mining has focused on mine workers and radon exposure. Although that situation is still overwhelmingly true, a smaller emerging literature has begun to form around environmental exposure in residential areas near uranium mining and processing facilities. We present and critique such studies. Clearly, more epidemiologic research is needed to contribute to causal inference. As much damage is irreversible, and possibly cumulative, present efforts must be vigorous to limit environmental uranium contamination and exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heidland A, Sebekova K, Klassen A, Palkovits M. Mechanisms of Acute Uremic Encephalopathy: Early Activation of Fos and Fra-2 Gene Products in Different Nuclei/Areas of the Rat Brain. J Ren Nutr 2010; 20:S44-50. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
12
|
Vicente-Vicente L, Quiros Y, Pérez-Barriocanal F, López-Novoa JM, López-Hernández FJ, Morales AI. Nephrotoxicity of uranium: pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:324-47. [PMID: 20554698 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As in the case of other heavy metals, a considerable body of evidence suggests that overexposure to uranium may cause pathological alterations to the kidneys in both humans and animals. In the present work, our aim was to analyze the available data from a critical perspective that should provide a view of the real danger of the nephrotoxicity of this metal for human beings. A further aim was to elaborate a comparative compilation of the renal pathophysiological data obtained in humans and experimental animals with a view to gaining more insight into our knowledge of the mechanisms of action and renal damage. Finally, we address the existing perspectives for the improvement of diagnostic methods and the treatment of intoxications by uranium, performing an integrated analysis of all these aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vicente-Vicente
- Unidad de Toxicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, S-19, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
The toxicity of depleted uranium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:303-13. [PMID: 20195447 PMCID: PMC2819790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7010303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) is an emerging environmental pollutant that is introduced into the environment primarily by military activity. While depleted uranium is less radioactive than natural uranium, it still retains all the chemical toxicity associated with the original element. In large doses the kidney is the target organ for the acute chemical toxicity of this metal, producing potentially lethal tubular necrosis. In contrast, chronic low dose exposure to depleted uranium may not produce a clear and defined set of symptoms. Chronic low-dose, or subacute, exposure to depleted uranium alters the appearance of milestones in developing organisms. Adult animals that were exposed to depleted uranium during development display persistent alterations in behavior, even after cessation of depleted uranium exposure. Adult animals exposed to depleted uranium demonstrate altered behaviors and a variety of alterations to brain chemistry. Despite its reduced level of radioactivity evidence continues to accumulate that depleted uranium, if ingested, may pose a radiologic hazard. The current state of knowledge concerning DU is discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bacchetta J, Dubourg L, Juillard L, Cochat P. Non-drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:2291-300. [PMID: 19399523 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs and other compounds can induce acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity. The goal of this study was to review clinical features of nephrotoxicity induced by 'atypical' or 'unconventional' agents, such as environmental agents (metals, minerals, animals), food agents (mushrooms, aristolochic acid, medicinal traditional herbals, dietary supplements, melamine), drugs, and other products (ethylene glycol). Nephrotoxicity varies according to local background, dependent on different food and cultural customs, as well as to differences in local fauna and flora. The incidence of such a phenomenon is not well known. Many different pathophysiological pathways are involved, and the spectrum of renal lesions is rather wide. 'Epidemic nephrotoxicity' may occur, as recently illustrated by the melamine epidemics in Chinese infants receiving powdered milk formulas; a rapid reaction to unusual increased frequency of acute kidney injury and nephrolithiasis in young children has led to a rapid analysis from international experts, with subsequent recommendations for diagnosis and care. Nephrotoxicity should be considered when there is any unexplained renal impairment, especially in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bacchetta
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Service de Néphrologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jortner BS. Effect of stress at dosing on organophosphate and heavy metal toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 233:162-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|