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Ali Z, Din FU, Zahid F, Sohail S, Imran B, Khan S, Malik M, Zeb A, Khan GM. Transdermal delivery of allopurinol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in the treatment of gout. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 36443818 PMCID: PMC9703780 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is a first line drug for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Being the member of BCS class II drugs, ALP has solubility problem, which affects its bioavailability. Also, ALP has shorter half-life and showed GI related problems. In present study, ALP was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to ensure enhanced bioavailability, improved efficacy and safety in vivo. METHODOLOGY ALP-loaded NLCs were fabricated by micro-emulsion technique. The prepared NLCs were optimized via design expert in term of particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. FTIR, PXRD and TEM analysis were carried out to check chemical interaction, polymorphic form and surface morphology of the optimized formulation. ALP-loaded NLCs were then loaded into HPMC based poloxamer-407 gel and were characterized. In vitro and ex vivo analysis were carried out via dialysis membrane method and franz diffusion cell, respectively. Uric acid was used for induction of gout and the anti-gout activity of ALP-loaded NLCs gel was performed and compared with ALP suspension. RESULTS The optimized formulation had particles in nano-range (238.13 nm) with suitable zeta potential (-31.5 mV), poly-dispersity index (0.115) and entrapment of 87.24%. FTIR results confirmed absence of chemical interaction among formulation ingredients. XRD indicated amorphous nature of ALP-loaded NLCs, whereas TEM analysis confirmed spherical morphology of nanoparticles. The optimized formulation was successfully loaded in to gel and characterized accordingly. The in vitro release and drug release kinetics models showed sustained release of the drug from ALP-loaded NLCs gel. Furthermore, about 28 fold enhanced permeation was observed from ALP-loaded NLCs gel as compared to conventional gel. Skin irritation study disclosed safety of ALP-loaded NLCs gel for transdermal application. Furthermore, ALP-loaded NLCs gel showed significantly enhanced anti-gout activity in Sprague-Dawley rats after transdermal administration as compared to oral ALP suspension. CONCLUSION ALP-loaded NLCs gel after transdermal administration sustained the drug release, avoid gastrointestinal side effects and enhance the anti-gout performance of ALP. It can be concluded, that NLCs have the potential to deliver drugs via transdermal route as indicated in case of allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Ali
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Sohail
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Basalat Imran
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Malik
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- grid.414839.30000 0001 1703 6673Department of Pharmacy, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.459615.a0000 0004 0496 8545Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Raza H, Shah SU, Ali Z, Khan AU, Rajput IB, Farid A, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Al Hawaj MA, Mahmood S, Hussain A, Shah KU. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Fluocinolone Acetonide-Acitretin-Coloaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Treatment of Psoriasis. Gels 2022; 8:746. [PMID: 36421568 PMCID: PMC9689900 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is chronic autoimmune disease that affects 2-5% of the global population. Fluocinolone acetonide (FLU) and acitretin (ACT) are widely used antipsoriatic drugs that belong to BCS classes II and IV, respectively. FLU exhibits side effects, such as skin irritation and a burning sensation. ACT also shows adverse effects, such as gingivitis, teratogenic effects and xerophthalmia. In the present study, topical nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were fabricated to reduce the side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs were prepared by the modified microemulsion method and optimized by the Box-Behnken model of Design Expert® version 12. The optimization was based on the particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and percentage of encapsulation efficiency (%EE). The physicochemical analyses were performed by TEM, FTIR, XRD and DSC to assess the morphology, chemical interactions between excipients, crystallinity and thermal behavior of the optimized FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs. The FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs were successfully loaded into gel and characterized appropriately. The dialysis bag method and Franz diffusion cells were used for the in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies, respectively. The optimized FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs had the desired particle size of 288.2 ± 2.3 nm, ZP of -34.2 ± 1.0 mV and %EE values of 81.6 ± 1.1% for ACT and 75 ± 1.3% for FLU. The TEM results confirmed the spherical morphology, while the FTIR results showed the absence of chemical interactions of any type among the ingredients of the FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs. The XRD and DSC analyses confirmed the amorphous nature and thermal behavior. The in vitro study showed the sustained release of the FLU and ACT from the optimized FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs and FLU-ACT-coloaded NLC gel compared with the FLU-ACT suspension and conventional gel. The ex vivo study confirmed the minimal permeation of both drugs from the FLU-ACT-coloaded NLC gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | | | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | - Irfa Basharat Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maitham A. Al Hawaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Mahmood
- Faculty of pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
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Maqsood S, Din FU, Khan SU, Elahi E, Ali Z, Jamshaid H, Zeb A, Nadeem T, Ahmad W, Khan S, Choi HG. Levosulpiride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for brain delivery with antipsychotic and antidepressant effects. Life Sci 2022; 311:121198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yu G, Ali Z, Sajjad Khan A, Ullah K, Jamshaid H, Zeb A, Imran M, Sarwar S, Choi HG, Ud Din F. Preparation, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Potential of Miltefosine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3255-3273. [PMID: 34012260 PMCID: PMC8127833 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with miltefosine (HePC) as an anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS HePC-NLCs were prepared using a microemulsion technique and then evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), incorporation efficiency, in vitro release of entrapped drug, and hemolytic potential. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and liver toxicity analyses were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, and antitumor efficacy was evaluated in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and squamous cell carcinoma-7 (SCC-7) cells in vitro and in tumour-bearing BALB/c mice in vivo. Advanced analyses including survival rate, immunohistopathology, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis in vivo. RESULTS The average particle size of the HePC-NLCs was 143 ± 16 nm, with a narrow PDI (0.104 ± 0.002), and the incorporation efficiency was found to be 91 ± 7%. The NLCs released HePC in a sustained manner, and this release was significantly lower than that of free drug. The in vitro hemolytic assay demonstrated a significantly reduced hemolytic potential (~9%) of the NLCs compared to that of the test formulations. The HePC-NLCs demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetic behaviour over free drug, including extended blood circulation and an abridged clearance rate in rats. Furthermore, the HePC-NLCs exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the free drug in MCF-7 and SCC-7 cells. Moreover, the HePC-NLCs showed significantly enhanced (P < 0.005) antitumor activity compared to that of the control and free drug-treated mouse groups. Tumour cell apoptosis was also confirmed, indicating the antitumor potential of the HePC-NLCs. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the ability of NLCs as a drug delivery system for enhanced pharmacokinetic, antitumor, and apoptotic effects, most importantly when loaded with HePC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Breast, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zakir Ali
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anam Sajjad Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Khan AS, Ud Din F, Ali Z, Bibi M, Zahid F, Zeb A, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman, Khan GM. Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of miltefosine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120109. [PMID: 33253802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the anti-leishmanial efficacy of miltefosine (MTF) and reduce its toxic effects by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Micro-emulsion technique was used to prepare MTF-loaded NLCs. The optimized NLCs were characterized in terms of various physicochemical parameters including particle size, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate the potential of NLCs as an effective nanocarrier system for oral delivery of MTF in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The optimized MTF-loaded NLCs exhibited mean particle size of 160.8 ± 5.3 nm with narrow PDI and high incorporation efficiency (IE%) of 96.17 ± 1.3%. MTF-loaded NLCs demonstrated slow release of the incorporated drug as compared to the drug solution. The optimized formulation showed significant decrease in hemolytic potential, 2.5~folds increase in anti-leishmanial efficacy and 6~fold decrease in macrophage cytotoxicity as compared to MTF solution, in vitro. Macrophage uptake study confirmed passive targeting ability of MTF-loaded NLCs. In-vivo analysis demonstrated enhanced anti-leishmanial effect of the MTF-loaded NLCs and better pharmacokinetic profiles with no gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. NLCs are potential nanocarriers for the oral delivery of MTF with enhanced anti-leishmanial activity, better safety profile and reduced hemolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Sajjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Witayaudom P, Klinkesorn U. Influence of lipid content and dilution on properties and stability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) prepared from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) kernel fat and evaluation of their β-carotene loading capacity. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1523011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Witayaudom
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Utai Klinkesorn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tamjidi F, Shahedi M, Varshosaz J, Nasirpour A. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The effect of polymer–surfactant emulsifying agent on the formation and stability of α-lipoic acid loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shi L, Li Z, Yu L, Jia H, Zheng L. Effects of Surfactants and Lipids on the Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Double Emulsion Method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691003659130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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