Effect of Colloidal Dispersion of Clay on Some Properties of Wool Fiber

Surface functionalization of wool via microbial-transglutaminase and bentonite as bio-nano-mordant to achieve multi objective wool and improve dyeability with madder

Recently, natural dyes have a widening scope in various traditional and advanced applications due to their eco-friendly environment. However, improved dyeability of natural dyes still remains a challenging task. This research was aimed to achieve multi-objective wool with improved dyeability using bio-nano-mordant composed of m-Trans-glutaminase, m-TGase, and bentonite nanoclay. Wool fiber was treated through sonochemical method using different concentrations of m-TGase and bentonite. The surface morphology of wool fabric samples was examined by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR). Further, wool samples treated at different conditions were applied to madder for dyeability examination. The optimum conditions of color coordinates, color strength, K/S, and washing fastness of madder on treated wool fabric with m-TGase and bentonite, were also examined. The results revealed well-made interactions among m-TGase, bentonite, and wool fibers. In addition, surface morphology was strongly influenced by variations in enzyme concentrations so that extra addition of m-TGase lead to clear damage scales or less cuticle surface in SEM images. Moreover, the results showed that the value of K/S for treated wool samples was better than untreated samples. Indeed, amongst all, 5% concentrations of bio-nano-mordant for m-TGase and bentonite have the most constructive K/S values. Similarly, results of ΔE and antibacterial investigations also confirmed its superiority.

Development of multifunctional modified cotton fabric with tri-component nanoparticles of silver, copper and zinc oxide

A facile method, cost-effective and highly efficient with shortened-time operation was devised for unprecedented modification of cotton fabrics. This modification induced the formation of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles within cotton fabrics in such a way that cotton samples loaded with AgNPs- or AgNPs/ZnONPs or AgNPs/ZnONPs/CuNPs respectively. Presence of the trimetallic nanoparticles concomitantly within microstructural features of cotton imparts durable antibacterial, UV protection and conductivity properties to yield ultimately cotton fabrics with multifunctional performance. The nanoparticles were formed and stabilized independently by Polymethylol compound (PMC) and functionalized polyethyleneimine (FPEI) as per one bath. The results obtained proved that the solution of these metal compounds are turned from colourless to yellow and black green colour up on addition of PMC or FPEI compound. It was found that UV-vis spectra display maximum surface plasmon peak of around 410-415 confirming the successful synthesis of AgNPs stabilized by PMC or FPEI chains. In addition, the results obtained indicated that the as formed nanoparticles are successfully deposited into the surface of cellulose fabrics and reveal changes in crystalline structure. Fabrics underwent structural changes during their treatments as per the designed practice exhibit multifunctional properties and manifold performance. The resultant treated cotton fabric gives good antibacterial properties event after 20 washing cycles additionally to the excellent ultra-violet properties and excellent electrical conductivity.

Smart textile framework: Photochromic and fluorescent cellulosic fabric printed by strontium aluminate pigment

Smart clothing can be defined as textiles that respond to a certain stimulus accompanied by a change in their properties. A specific class herein is the photochromic and fluorescent textiles that change color with light. A photochromic and fluorescent cotton fabric based on pigment printing is obtained. Such fabric is prepared by aqueous-based pigment-binder printing formulation containing inorganic pigment phosphor characterized by good photo- and thermal stability. It exhibits optimal excitation wavelength (365 nm) results in color and fluorescence change of the fabric surface. To prepare the transparent pigment-binder composite film, the phosphor pigment must be well-dispersed via physical immobilization without their aggregation. The pigment-binder paste is applied successfully onto cotton fabric using screen printing technique followed by thermal fixation. After screen-printing, a homogenous photochromic film is assembled on a cotton substrate surface, which represents substantial greenish-yellow color development as indicated by CIE Lab color space measurements under ultraviolet light, even at a pigment concentration of 0.08 wt% of the printing paste. The photochromic cotton fabric exhibit three excitation peaks at 272, 325 and 365 nm and three emission peaks at 418, 495 and 520 nm. The fluorescent optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, elemental mapping, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, fluorescence emission and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopic data of the printed cotton fabric are described. The printed fabric showed a reversible and rapid photochromic response during ultra-violet excitation without fatigue. The fastness properties including washing, crocking, perspiration, sublimation/heat, and light are described.