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Abd Khalil AT, Shah Buddin MMH, Puasa SW, Ahmad AL. Reuse of waste cooking oil (WCO) as diluent in green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) for zinc extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45244-45258. [PMID: 36705837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) was identified as one of the most toxic heavy metals and often found contaminating the water sources as a result of inefficient treatment of industrial effluent. A green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) was proposed in this study as a method to minimize the concentration of Zn ions in an aqueous solution. Instead of the common petroleum-based diluent, the emulsion is reformulated with untreated waste cooking oil (WCO) collected from the food industry as a sustainable and cheaper diluent. It also includes Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) as a carrier, Span 80 as a surfactant, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as an internal phase, and ZnSO4 solution as an external phase. Such formulation requires a thorough understanding of the oil characteristics as well as the interaction of the components in the membrane phase. The compatibility of WCO and D2EHPA, as well as the external phase pH, was confirmed via a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. To obtain the best operating conditions for Zn extraction using GELM, the extraction time and speed, carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations, and W/O ratio were varied. 95.17% of Zn ions were removed under the following conditions; 0.001 M of H2SO4 in external phase, 700 rpm extraction speed for 10 min, 8 wt% of carrier and 4 wt% of surfactant concentrations, 1:4 of W/O ratio, and 1 M of internal phase concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Tasneem Abd Khalil
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Wahidah Puasa
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Raval AR, Kohli HP, Mahadwad OK. Application of emulsion liquid membrane for removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution: Extraction and stability studies. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Khalil ATA, Buddin MMHS, Puasa SW, Ahmad AL. Reuse of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as Diluent in Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane (GELM) for Zinc Extraction.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1251988/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) was identified as one of the most toxic heavy metals and often found contaminating the water sources as a result of inefficient treatment of industrial effluent. A Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane (GELM) was proposed in this study as a method to minimize the concentration of Zn ions in an aqueous solution. Instead of the common petroleum-based diluent, the emulsion is reformulated with untreated waste cooking oil (WCO) collected from the food industry as a sustainable and cheaper diluent. It also includes Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) as carrier, Span 80 as surfactant, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as internal phase and ZnSO4 solution as external phase. Such formulation requires a thorough understanding of the oil characteristics as well as the interaction of the components in the membrane phase. The compatibility of WCO and D2EHPA, as well as the external phase pH was confirmed via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. To obtain the best operating conditions for Zn extraction using GELM, the extraction time and speed, carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations, and W/O ratio were varied. 95.17% of Zn ions were removed under the following conditions; 0.001M of H2SO4 in external phase, 700 rpm extraction speed for 10 minutes, 8 wt% of carrier and 4 wt% of surfactant concentrations, 1:4 of W/O ratio and 1 M of internal phase concentration.
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Khan HW, Elgharbawy AAM, Bustam MA, Goto M, Moniruzzaman M. Vegetable Oil-Ionic Liquid-Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane for the Removal of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Streams: Emulsion Size, Membrane Breakage, and Stability Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32176-32183. [PMID: 36120055 PMCID: PMC9476197 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a highly stable vegetable oil ionic liquid (IL)-based emulsion liquid membrane (VOILELM) for the removal of lactic acid from water streams. The system developed as a part of this work comprises a non-ionic surfactant Span 80, sodium hydroxide as an internal stripping agent, sunflower canola oil as a green diluent, and IL-tetramethylammonium acetate [TMAm][Ac]-as a carrier. VOILELM stability was evaluated in terms of breakage, emulsion diameter, and standalone stability. The effect of various parameters, namely, concentration of the surfactant, concentration of the internal stripping agent, concentration of the carrier, phase ratio, homogenizer speed, and homogenization time, on the VOILELM stability was studied. The results revealed that VOILELM was highly stable, with 1.34% minimum breakage, 1.16 μm emulsion diameter, and 131 min standalone stability. The optimal process parameters were 0.1 wt % Span 80, 0.1 M NaOH, 0.3 wt % IL, 0.25 phase ratio, 5000 rpm homogenizer speed, and 5 min homogenization time. At these optimized conditions, 96.08% lactic acid extraction efficiency was achieved. Thus, a highly effective VOILELM was developed, with minimal breakage and emulsion diameter and maximum stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Warsi Khan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
| | - Amal A. M. Elgharbawy
- International
Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University, Kuala, Lampur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Azmi Bustam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
- Centre
of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universitit
Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744,
Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
- Centre
of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universitit
Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
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Purtika, Thakur A, Jawa GK. Comparative study on effect of ionic liquids on static stability of green emulsion liquid membrane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Khan HW, Reddy AVB, Bustam MA, Goto M, Moniruzzaman M. Development and optimization of ionic liquid-based emulsion liquid membrane process for efficient recovery of lactic acid from aqueous streams. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tahmasebizadeh P, Javanshir S, Ahmadi A. Zinc extraction from a bioleaching solution by emulsion liquid membrane technique. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Anil Kumar, Thakur A, Panesar PS. Role of Operating Process Parameters on Stability Performance of Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane Based on Rice Bran Oil. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579521030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anarakdim K, Gutiérrez G, Cambiella Á, Senhadji‐Kebiche O, Matos M. Green Emulsified Liquid Membrane for Hexavalent Chromium Extraction: Formulation and Process Optimization. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Anarakdim
- Laboratoire des Procédés Membranaires et des Techniques de Séparation et de Récupération Département de Génie des Procédés, Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algerie
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- University of Oviedo Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Julián Clavería 8 <33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ángel Cambiella
- University of Oviedo Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Julián Clavería 8 <33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ounissa Senhadji‐Kebiche
- Laboratoire des Procédés Membranaires et des Techniques de Séparation et de Récupération Département de Génie des Procédés, Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algerie
| | - María Matos
- University of Oviedo Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Julián Clavería 8 <33006 Oviedo Spain
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Zereshki S, Shokri A, Karimi A. Application of a green emulsion liquid membrane for removing copper from contaminated aqueous solution: Extraction, stability, and breakage study using response surface methodology. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Shah Buddin MMH, Ahmad AL, Abd Khalil AT, Puasa SW. A review of demulsification technique and mechanism for emulsion liquid membrane applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1845962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Wahidah Puasa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kumar A, Thakur A, Panesar PS. A comparative study on experimental and response surface optimization of lactic acid synergistic extraction using green emulsion liquid membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Extraction of hexavalent chromium by environmentally benign green emulsion liquid membrane using tridodecyamine as an extractant. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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