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Seino K, Okano T, Oya K, Katagiri H, Murase T. Helix-to-Disc Conversion of Thia[6]helicenes into Coronenes Facilitated by Sulfur Oxidation and Fluorination. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402445. [PMID: 39051923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Helicenes, with their unique helical structures, have long captured the interest of synthetic chemists, not only as end products, but also as versatile platforms for further chemical transformations. However, transforming [6]helicene into planar coronene typically requires harsh conditions and poses significant challenges. Herein, we demonstrate that replacing the terminal benzene ring of [6]helicene with a thiophene ring enables its photochemical transformation into coronene. Sulfur oxidation of the thiophene ring enables the corresponding thermal transformation, and the terminal tetrafluorination of the opposite benzene ring further accelerates this process, yielding 1,2-difluorocoronene, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The transformation begins with an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, whose activation energy is significantly lowered by these structural changes. Our findings underscore the utility of strategic modifications such as sulfur oxidation and fluorination in promoting this "helix-to-disc" conversion and opening new avenues for synthesizing functional polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Seino
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okano
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Koki Oya
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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Levandowski BJ, Herath D, Gallup NM, Houk KN. Origin of π-Facial Stereoselectivity in Thiophene 1-Oxide Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2611-2616. [PMID: 29360357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a DFT computational study (M06-2X) of π-facial selectivity in the Diels-Alder reactions of thiophene 1-oxide. The preference for the syn cycloaddition arises because the ground state geometry of thiophene 1-oxide is predistorted into an envelope conformation that resembles the syn transition state geometry. The syn distortion occurs to minimize the effect of hyperconjugative antiaromaticity in the thiophene 1-oxide, arising from overlap of the σ*SO with the π-system. The syn selectivity follows through to the product structure that is stabilized by a π-σ*SO interaction, related to the 7-norbornenyl ion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dinushka Herath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nathan M Gallup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Otani T, Miyoshi M, Shibata T, Matsuo T, Hashizume D, Tamao K. Thermally Stable Monosubstituted Thiophene 1-Oxide and 1-Imides Stabilized by a Bulky Rind Group at Their 3-Position: Synthesis, Structure, and Inversion Barriers on the Sulfur Atom. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Otani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555
- Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- Course of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Anan College, 265 Aoki Minobayashi, Anan, Tokushima 774-0017
| | - Mayu Miyoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
| | - Kohei Tamao
- Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
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Lemal DM, Akashi M, Lou Y, Kumar V. Tetrafluorothiophene S,S-dioxide: a perfluorinated building block. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12330-7. [PMID: 24313897 DOI: 10.1021/jo402373x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetrafluorothiophene S,S-dioxide, a highly reactive diene and dienophile, has been synthesized. A new route to 3,4-difluoro- and tetrafluorothiophene has been realized, and the previously unknown 2,3,4-trifluorothiophene has been obtained. The reactivity of tetrafluorothiophene S-oxide has been compared with that of the S,S-dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lemal
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Nakayama J, Hiraiwa S, Fujihara T. Photolysis and photo-oxidation of 3,4-di-tert-butylthiophene 1-oxide. J Sulphur Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990802044185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juzo Nakayama
- a Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suguru Hiraiwa
- a Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujihara
- a Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Nakayama J, Iguchi K, Fujihara T. Atropisomerism of the 1,3-cyclohexadiene Derivatives Induced by Steric Congestion. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426501003773472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juzo Nakayama
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iguchi
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujihara
- b Molecular Analysis and Life Science Center , Saitama University , Saitama, Japan
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Takayama J, Sugihara Y, Takayanagi T, Nakayama J. syn-π-Face- and endo-selective, inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions of 3,4-di-tert-butylthiophene 1-oxide with electron-rich dienophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Takayama J, Sugihara Y, Nakayama J. SO2-Extrusion of an 8-thiabicylo[3.2.1]octa-2,6-diene 8,8-dioxide and rearrangement of the resulting cycloheptatriene. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nakayama J, Furuya T, Ishii A, Sakamoto A, Otani T, Sugihara Y. Regio- and Stereo-Chemistry of Addition of Molecular Bromine to S-Oxidized Derivatives of 3,4-Di-t-butylthiophene: Exclusive 1,4-Cis-Additions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nakayama J, Takayama J, Sugihara Y, Ishii A. Reaction of 3,4-Di-t-butylthiophene 1-Oxide with 2-Methylene-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine: Methylene Transfer and [4+4] Dimerization. CHEM LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2001.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nakayama J, Otani T, Sugihara Y, Sano Y, Ishii A, Sakamoto A. Syntheses and structures of sulfilimine, sulfone diimine, and sulfoximine derivatives of a monocyclic thiophene, 3,4-di-tert-butylthiophene. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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