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Li Y, Castañeda-Bagatella DM, Kakkad D, Ai Y, Chen H, Champagne PA. Synthetic and mechanistic study on the conjugate isothiocyanation of enones with trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38009326 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl isothiocyanates (R-NCS) have pharmacological applications and provide a synthetic handle to various functional groups including thioureas. There are however few methods to access alkyl isothiocyanates through the creation of the C-N bond. We have developed a simple approach for the conjugate isothiocyanation of enones by trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (TMSNCS), which proceeds through the 1,4-addition of the weak isothiocyanate nucleophile to activated enones in the absence of external promoters. This method avoids the direct use of highly toxic acids and bases, produces β-isothiocyanato carbonyl products in yields of 87-98% under mild conditions (less than 6 hours at 0 °C), and displays wide functional group tolerance. Density functional theory calculations highlighted competing cationic and anionic mechanisms, where the enone activation by the TMSNCS reagent is accelerated in protic solvents. The selective formation of the isothiocyanate vs. thiocyanate isomers is explained by the thermodynamically-controlled nature of the reaction in which only the conjugate isothiocyanation is exergonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Diana M Castañeda-Bagatella
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Dhyeyi Kakkad
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Yongling Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Yasui M, Ohbu H, Ishikawa M, Yoshida T, Takeda N, Hirao S, Abe T, Ueda M. Synthesis of Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-(thi)ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1093-1106. [PMID: 36576873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-ones were synthesized via one-pot chloroformylation-dearomatizing spirocyclization of tryptamine derivatives. Moreover, the "thio" equivalent spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-thiones, for which the synthesis and properties were previously unreported, were synthesized. The procedures are easily implemented, have a broad scope, and are transition-metal-free and cheap. To demonstrate the utility of the synthetic methodology, the spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-ones were converted into heterocyclic scaffolds, such as an optically active spiroindoline and spirooxindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Haruna Ohbu
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Maho Ishikawa
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Yoshida
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Seiya Hirao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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Sattar N, Sajid H, Tabassum S, Ayub K, Mahmood T, Gilani MA. Potential sensing of toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by twisted nanographenes: A first principle approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153858. [PMID: 35176369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are extremely harmful to the living organisms. Their efficient detection and removal in a limited time span are essential for the human health and environmental security. Twisted nanographenes have great applications in the fields of energy storage and optoelectronics, but their use as sensors is rarely described. Therefore, we have explored the sensitivity and selectivity of twisted nanographene analogues (C32H16, C64H32) towards selected toxic CWAs, including phosgene, thiophosgene and formaldehyde. The interaction between CWAs and twisted nanographenes is mainly interpreted by considering the optimized geometries, adsorption energies, natural bond orbital (NBO), frontier molecular orbital (FMO), non-covalent interaction (NCI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses. The structural geometries show that the central octagon of twisted nanographenes is the most favorable site of interaction. The interaction energies reveal the physisorption of selected CWAs on tNGs surface. The average energy gap change (%EH-La) and % sensitivity are quantitatively determined to evaluate the sensing capability of the twisted nanographenes. Among the selected CWAs molecules, the sensitivity of tNG analogues (C32H16 and C64H32) is superior towards thiophosgene (ThP), which is revealed by the high interaction energies of -8.19 and - 12.17 kcal/mol, respectively. This theoretical study will help experimentalists to devise novel sensors based on twisted nanographenes for the detection of toxic CWAs which may also work efficiently under the humid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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4
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Baloch M, Ben Youcef H, Li C, Garcia-Calvo O, Rodriguez LM, Shanmukaraj D, Rojo T, Armand M. New Redox Polymers that Exhibit Reversible Cleavage of Sulfur Bonds as Cathode Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:3206-3212. [PMID: 27796086 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new cathode materials based on redox organosulfur polymers were synthesized and investigated for rechargeable lithium batteries as a proof-of-concept study. These cathodes offered good cycling performance owing to the absence of polysulfide solubility, which plagues Li/S systems. Herein, an aliphatic polyamine or a conjugated polyazomethine was used as the base to tether the redox-active species. The activity comes from the cleavage and formation of S-S or N-S bonds, which is made possible by the rigid conjugated backbone. The synthesized polymers were characterized through FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Galvanostatic measurements were performed to evaluate the discharge/charge cycles and characterize the performance of the lithium-based cells, which displayed initial discharge capacities of approximately 300 mA h g-1 at C/5 over 100 cycles with approximately 98 % Coulombic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Baloch
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, UPV/EHU, P.O.Box.644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hicham Ben Youcef
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Chunmei Li
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Oihane Garcia-Calvo
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Lide M Rodriguez
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Devaraj Shanmukaraj
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Teofilo Rojo
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, UPV/EHU, P.O.Box.644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, CIC, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyavan Sharma
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, 226 001, India
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Trzhtsinskaya BV, Abramova ND. Imidazole-2-Thiones: Synthesis, Structure, Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/01961779108048760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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