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Sabido R, García-Aguilar F, Caballero C, Moreno FJ. How does fatigue affect handstand balance? a non-linear approach to study fatigue influence in handstand performance. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:171. [PMID: 39334356 PMCID: PMC11430115 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The handstand is an essential skill in acrobatic sports. This skill requires the athlete to maintain an inverted upright stance with only the hands supported, which requires a great effort of muscular coordination and motor control. Several factors influence the ability to control the posture, including fatigue, which is a bit studied constraint of handstand performance. RESEARCH QUESTION With the aim to find out whether variability in movement control can be an indicator of fatigue, the present study was carried out. METHOD Fourteen male acrobatic gymnasts were required to perform handstands. The time series for analyzing variability were capturing using Force Platforms, which is a traditional laboratory instrument, and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), which is a more recent and less widely used, but more accessible tool. For this purpose, an analysis of the amount of variability was carried out, using the standard deviation. And analysis of the structure of variability (or complexity), using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Fuzzy Entropy (FuEn). RESULTS Our results reveal that fatigue causes significant increases in the amount of variability in the medio-lateral axis on the force platform, and in the IMU located in the area of the L5 vertebra. These changes are accompanied by increased auto-correlation in the medio-lateral axis of the force platform, and more unpredictable behavior in the L5 IMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sabido
- Sport Sciences Department, Miguel Hernández University. Building CID, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Aguilar
- Sport Sciences Department, Miguel Hernández University. Building CID, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Carla Caballero
- Sport Sciences Department, Miguel Hernández University. Building CID, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco J Moreno
- Sport Sciences Department, Miguel Hernández University. Building CID, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Thomas E, Rossi C, Petrigna L, Messina G, Bellafiore M, Şahin FN, Proia P, Palma A, Bianco A. Evaluation of Posturographic and Neuromuscular Parameters during Upright Stance and Hand Standing: A Pilot Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020040. [PMID: 37092372 PMCID: PMC10123693 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Upright bipedal posture is the physiological human posture; however, it is not the only possible form of human standing; indeed, an inverted position, a handstand, is required during gymnastics or other sports. Thus, this study aimed to understand the differences between the two standing strategies from a postural and neuromuscular perspective. Thirteen gymnasts with at least three years of sports experience underwent a baropodometric assessment and a surface electromyography (sEMG) examination in a standard upright bipodalic stance and during a handstand. The sEMG examination was performed on the gastrocnemius during an upright stance and on the flexor carpi radialis during the handstand. Limb weight distribution presented differences between the two vertical stances (p < 0.01). During the handstand, the weight ratio was prevalently observed on the palm of the hand for both hands with a significant difference between the front and rear aspect of the hand compared to the standing tasks (p < 0.01). Normalized sEMG amplitude showed significant differences during bipedal standing and hand standing; however, over a 5 s period, the normalized median frequency (MDF) value was similar for the two tasks. Both standing tasks presented similar postural weight managing patterns when analysed on the frontal plane, but they were different on the sagittal plane. In addition, the neuromuscular patterns during a 5 s window differ in amplitude but not for the frequency domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Rossi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fatma Neşe Şahin
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, Türkiye
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
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Pryhoda M, Newell KM, Wilson C, Irwin G. Task Specific and General Patterns of Joint Motion Variability in Upright- and Hand-Standing Postures. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24070909. [PMID: 35885134 PMCID: PMC9323647 DOI: 10.3390/e24070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of static balance in both upright- and hand-stance is maintained by the projection of center of mass (CM) motion within the region of stability at the respective base of support. This study investigated, from a degrees of freedom (DF) perspective, whether the stability of the CM in both upright- and hand-stances was predicted by the respective dispersion and time-dependent regularity of joint (upright stance—ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, neck; hand stance—wrist, elbow, shoulder, neck) angle and position. Full body three-dimensional (3D) kinematic data were collected on 10 advanced level junior female gymnasts during 30 s floor upright- and hand-stands. For both stances the amount of the dispersion of joint angle and sway motion was higher than that of the CM and center of pressure (CP) with an inverse relation to time-dependent irregularity (SampEn). In upright-standing the variability of neck motion in the anterior–posterior direction was significantly greater than that of most joints consistent with the role of vision in the control of quiet upright posture. The findings support the proposition that there are both task specific and general properties to the global CM control strategy in the balance of upright- and hand-standing induced by the different active skeletal-muscular organization and the degeneracy revealed in the multiple distributional variability patterns of the joint angle and position in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Pryhoda
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Cassie Wilson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gareth Irwin
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK
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Grabowiecki M, Rum L, Laudani L, Vannozzi G. Biomechanical characteristics of handstand walking initiation. Gait Posture 2021; 86:311-318. [PMID: 33839425 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiation in human locomotion is defined as the transition between upright stance and steady-state gait. While past literature abundantly investigated the initiation in bipedal gait, the initiation of handstand walking remains unexplored. RESEARCH QUESTION The current study aims to characterise the centre of pressure (CoP) and centre of mass (CoM) trajectory of handstand walking initiation as well as the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters and balance strategy of this task. Also, the study examined the CoP trajectory similarity within- and between-participants using a coefficient of multiple correlation analysis. METHODS Nineteen gymnasts took part in this study. Handstand walking initiation trials were recorded using force plates and a stereophotogrammetric system. CoM and CoP trajectories were analysed during the Baseline, Preparation and Execution phases of the motor task. RESULTS We found that to successfully perform the handstand walking initiation, a shift of the CoM forward and towards the stance hand is required as a result of a lateral and posterior CoP shift. All participants performed a similar CoP pattern in the mediolateral direction, whereas two anteroposterior CoP displacement strategies were identified across participants based on different timing execution of posterior CoP shift. While CoP and CoM kinematic differences were identified during the Preparation Phase due to the adopted strategy, no significant difference was found in the Execution Phase for the spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE A better understanding of the required CoP/CoM patterns and balance control provides the basis for further neuromechanics research on the topic and could contribute to individualise training protocols to improve the learning of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Grabowiecki
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lorenzo Rum
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Laudani
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Giuseppe Vannozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
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Bednarczuk G, Wiszomirska I, Rutkowska I, Skowroński W. Role of vision in static balance in persons with and without visual impairments. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:593-599. [PMID: 33541039 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision is one of the elements of the system responsible for maintaining static balance. Any visual impairments or conditions hampering the reception of visual stimuli may affect static balance. It would be interesting to identify to what extent people with different degrees of dysfunction and in different conditions are able to compensate for the inability to receive visual stimuli while maintaining balance. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the role of the vision in maintaining static balance. This study sought to assess balance and the degree of compensation when the possibility of receiving visual stimuli is limited in persons without visual impairments and persons with varying degrees of visual impairments. DESIGN Controlled observational study. SETTING Main University Laboratory. POPULATION The study included 122 individuals, 81 of whom were visually impaired. The participants with visual impairments were divided into three groups according to their levels of disability. METHODS Subjects performed tests on a stabilographic platform: standing on both feet with eyes open and closed, single right- and left-leg stance with eyes open and closed. The center of pressure path length and the visual inspection indicator were analysed. Significance of differences between the groups regarding the visual inspection indicator and tests performed with eyes open and closed was assessed with the use of the Mann-Whitney U test. The effects and interactions between variables were verified using the ANOVA test for the main effects and factorial designs. RESULTS Differences were noted in balance of persons without visual impairments in single-leg stance tests with eyes open and closed as well as when standing on both feet with eyes open and closed. In persons with visual impairment, significant differences were observed in the single left-leg stance test with eyes open and closed only. Testing conditions and disability levels exerted a significant influence on static balance in single-leg tests. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study confirm the role of vision in maintaining balance in the context of factors that may affect it, i.e. conditions (eyes open or closed) and possibilities of receiving visual stimuli (disability level). CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The significance of the visual effect was noted in single-leg tests. More demanding tests detect compensatory mechanisms of balance more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bednarczuk
- Department of Movement Teaching, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland - .,Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland -
| | - Ida Wiszomirska
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Rutkowska
- Department of Movement Teaching, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Skowroński
- Department of Movement Teaching, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Bidirectional causal control in the dynamics of handstand balance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:405. [PMID: 33432011 PMCID: PMC7801474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify motor control solutions associated with the ability to maintain handstand balance. Using a novel approach, we investigated the dynamical interactions between centre of pressure (CoP) and centre of mass (CoM) motion. A gymnastics cohort was divided into a ‘less skilled’ group, who held handstands for 4–6 s, and a ‘more skilled’ group, who held handstands in excess of 10 s. CoP–CoM causality was investigated in anterior–posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions, in addition to time–space, time–frequency and Hurst Exponent (H) analyses. Lower AP CoP to CoM causal drive and lower H values (> 0.6) indicated the more skilled gymnasts were less reliant on CoP mechanics to drive CoM motion. More skilled performance demonstrated greater adaptability through use of reactive, as opposed to anticipatory, control strategies. Skilled performers additionally exploited mechanical advantages in ML (e.g. a wider base of support), compared to the less skilled athletes. A multiple regression analysis revealed H and frequency domain measures to be better predictors of handstand balance duration than time–space domain measures. The study findings highlight the advantage of an adaptable motor control system with a directional profile, and provide new insight into the clear, measurable footprint of CoP on the dynamics of CoM.
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Kochanowicz A, Niespodziński B, Mieszkowski J, Marina M, Kochanowicz K, Zasada M. Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1609-1618. [PMID: 28700510 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1609-1618, 2019-Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such performances require specific muscle activation, which should differ depending on the condition and expertise of the gymnast. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate (a) the difference in electromyography (EMG) between handstands performed on 3 apparatus (floor, rings, and parallel bars); and (b) the difference between young and well-trained adult gymnasts. Ten adult (25 ± 3.94 years) and 15 young (13.9 ± 0.7 years) gymnasts participated in the study. We investigated EMG amplitude in 13 muscles normalized by arbitrary angle maximal isometric voluntary contraction (normalized root mean square [NRMS]). In comparison with the handstand on the floor (61 ± 28%), the wrist flexor muscles of gymnasts exhibited a decreased NRMS on the parallel bars (44 ± 25%; p = 0.017), and rings (46 ± 32%; p = 0.029), whereas no changes were observed in the triceps brachii. The rest of the investigated muscles showed a higher NRMS in rings. Differences between young and adult gymnasts were seen in the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscles, where more experienced gymnasts showed 19.1% (p = 0.014) and 17.6% (p = 0.048) lower NRMS, respectively. The different gymnastic apparatus led to specific muscle activation. This activation predominantly depended on hand support conditions, which alternated the primary wrist strategy of the handstand balance control, and in consequence, the activation of other muscles controlling balance. Training focused on the development of motor control and strength of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and trapezius descendens muscles to improve handstand performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kochanowicz
- Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Niespodziński
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Mieszkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michel Marina
- Department of Sport Performance, INEFC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazimierz Kochanowicz
- Department of Theory of Sport and Human Motorics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zasada
- Department of Individual Sports, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wyatt HE, Gittoes MJR, Irwin G. Sport-specific musculoskeletal growth and postural control in female artistic gymnasts: a 12 month cohort study. Sports Biomech 2018; 19:258-270. [PMID: 30004294 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1469662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Female gymnasts have been evidenced to experience sport-specific growth, of which broad shoulders and narrow hips are common characteristics. In addition to being a central component of handstand performance, postural control mechanisms, including whole-body and lumbo-pelvic stability, have been identified as risk factors for overuse spinal pathology. The study aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of musculoskeletal growth and postural control responses of female artistic gymnasts in order to extend longitudinal insights into overuse spinal pathology risk. Whole-body anthropometric measures were collected for 12 competitive female gymnasts (age at recruitment: nine to 15 years) at three time points across a 12 month period. Musculoskeletal growth was partially defined as the rate of bicristal-to-biacromial breadth ratio development, and informed shoulder- and pelvis-dominant growth sub-groups. Kinematic and kinetic indicators of postural control were determined for a total of 700 handstand trials. The shoulder-dominant (gymnastics-specific) growth group was found to have significantly greater biomechanical risk for general stability (p < 0.001) than the pelvis-dominant group. Significantly greater lumbo-pelvic risk was demonstrated for the pelvis-dominant group (p < 0.001). Extended idiosyncratic examination of proportional sport-specific growth measures alongside multi-faceted risk monitoring was advocated for the effective development of future overuse pathology prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Wyatt
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Gareth Irwin
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Relationship between postural control and muscle activity during a handstand in young and adult gymnasts. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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Rohleder J, Vogt T. Performance control in handstands: challenging entrenched coaching strategies for young gymnasts. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1440459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rohleder
- Institute of Professional Sport Education and Sport Qualifications, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogt
- Institute of Professional Sport Education and Sport Qualifications, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Floría P, Gómez-Landero LA, Harrison AJ. Centre of pressure correlates with pyramid performance in acrobatic gymnastics. Sports Biomech 2015; 14:424-34. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2015.1084032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Heinen T, Vinken PM, Jeraj D, Velentzas K. Movement regulation of handsprings on vault. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2013; 84:68-78. [PMID: 23611010 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2013.762300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual information is utilized in gymnastics vaulting. The question remains as to which informational sources are used to regulate handspring performance. The purpose of this study was to examine springboard and vaulting table position as informational sources in gymnastics vaulting. The hypothesis tested was that the approach-run and handspring kinematics change as a function of the position of the springboard and the position of the vaulting table. METHOD Kinematic parameters of 14 female expert gymnasts' approach runs and handsprings on vault were examined, while manipulating the position of the springboard, the position of the vaulting table, or both. RESULTS The results revealed that feet positioning during the approach run and takeoff varied predominantly as a function of the position of the springboard. The positioning of the hands on the vaulting table varied as a function of the position of the vaulting table. Furthermore, a combined manipulation of both the position of the springboard and the position of the vaulting table led to differences in feet positioning during the approach run and during takeoff, as well as to differences in hand positioning during the repulsion phase and differences in the duration of the second flight phase. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the positions of the springboard and the vaulting table are relevant informational sources in gymnastics vaulting, whereas the effect of both informational sources unfolds on different kinematic parameters. Training programs aiming to enhance gymnasts' ability to use visual information during vaulting may be fruitful in motor skill acquisition in gymnastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heinen
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany.
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Croix G, Chollet D, Thouvarecq R. Effect of Expertise Level on the Perceptual Characteristics of Gymnasts. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1458-63. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d2c216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Effect of low back pain on postural stability in younger women: influence of visual deprivation. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2009; 14:361-6. [PMID: 20850043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study investigated the effect of low back pain (LBP) on body balance during normal and visual deprivation during standing in a LBP group (10 women) and a control group (10 women). A 3-D force plate was used to measure the center of pressure (COP) anteroposterior and mediolateral displacements, and resultant velocity. ANOVA was used to compare situations. LPB group presented higher amplitudes of COP for anterioposterior direction (p<0.01) in conditions of open (3.07 ± 0.53 cm) and closed eyes (3.70 ± 0.71 cm) than healthy women (1.39 ± 0.17 cm and 1.75 ± 0.36 cm, for open and closed eyes, respectively). Similar results were found for COP involving mediolateralsway. The resultant COP velocity was larger for LBP group (p<0.05) when visual information was removed (3.03 ± 0.68 m/s and 3.63 ± 1.33 m/s for LBP and healthy women, respectively). LBP influenced the stability of young women during quiet standing, and the visual deprivation appears to reinforce LBP effects.
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Gautier G, Marin L, Leroy D, Thouvarecq R. Dynamics of expertise level: Coordination in handstand. Hum Mov Sci 2009; 28:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alpini D, Mattei V, Schlecht H, Kohen-Raz R. Postural control modifications induced by synchronized ice skating. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-008-0056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Friedrich M, Grein HJ, Wicher C, Schuetze J, Mueller A, Lauenroth A, Hottenrott K, Schwesig R. Influence of pathologic and simulated visual dysfunctions on the postural system. Exp Brain Res 2007; 186:305-14. [PMID: 18094963 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visual control has an influence on postural stability. Whilst vestibular, somatosensoric and cerebellar changes have already been frequency analytically parameterized with posturography, sufficient data regarding the visual system are still missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pathologic and simulated visual dysfunctions on the postural system by calculating the frequency analytic representation of the visual system throughout the frequency range F1 (0.03-0.1 Hz) of Fourier analysis. The study was divided into two parts. In the first part, visually handicapped subjects and subjects with normal vision were investigated with posturography regarding postural stability (stability effect, Fourier spectrum of postural sway, etc.) with open and closed eyes. The visually impaired and the normal group differed significantly in the frequency range F1 (p = 0.002). Significant differences of the postural stability between both groups were found only in the test position with open eyes (NO). The healthy group showed a significant loss of stability, whereas the impaired group showed an increased stability due to sufficient somatosensoric processes. Visually handicapped persons can compensate the visual information deficit through improved peripheral-vestibular and somatosensoric perception and cerebellar processing. In the second part, subjects with normal vision were examined under simulated visual conditions, e.g., hyperopia (3.0 D), reduced visual acuity (VA = 20/200), yoke prisms (4 cm/m) and pursuits (pendulum). Changes in postural parameters due to simulations have been compared to a standard situation (open eyes [NO], fixation distance 3 m). Visual simulations showed influence on frequency range F1. Compared to the standard situation, significant differences have been found in reduced visual acuity, pursuits and yoke prisms. A loss of stability was measured for simulated hyperopia, pendulum and yoke prisms base down. Stability regulation can be understood as a multi-sensoric process by the visual, vestibular, somatosensoric and cerebellar system. Reduced influence of a single subsystem is compensated by the other subsystems. Obviously the main part of reduced visual input is compensated by the vestibular system. Moreover, the body sway, represented by the stability indicator, increased in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Friedrich
- Course of Optometry, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany.
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