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Vysniauske R, Verburgh L, Oosterlaan J, Molendijk ML. The Effects of Physical Exercise on Functional Outcomes in the Treatment of ADHD: A Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:644-654. [PMID: 26861158 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715627489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: An increasing number of studies suggest possible beneficial effects of exercise in alleviating ADHD functional outcomes. The current study provides a quantitative meta-analysis of the available studies investigating this relationship. Method: Studies reporting on the effects of physical exercise on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD were identified through Cochrane, PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science databases. Ten publications were selected. Random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. Results: There was a significant effect of exercise on ADHD functional outcomes (g = 0.627). Longer exercise intervention duration was consistently associated with larger effect sizes. Effect sizes were not related to exercise intensity, mean age of participants, or gender distribution. Conclusion: Results suggest that exercise has a modest positive impact on ADHD functional outcomes, such as executive functions and motor skills, with longer interventions yielding better results.
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Barreto M, Tran TA, Gaynor ST. A Single-Session of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Health-Related behavior change: An Open Trial with a nonconcurrent matched comparison group. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lawrenson PR, Crossley KM, Vicenzino BT, Hodges PW, James G, Croft KJ, King MG, Semciw AI. Muscle size and composition in people with articular hip pathology: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:181-195. [PMID: 30389399 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise and evaluate the current evidence investigating muscle size and composition in non-inflammatory articular hip pathology. METHODS A systematic review of five electronic databases, using three concepts; articular hip pathology (e.g., osteoarthritis (OA)); hip muscles; and outcomes (e.g., muscle size and adiposity) was undertaken. Studies addressing non-inflammatory or non-traumatic articular hip pain, using measures of muscle size and adiposity were included and appraised for risk of bias. Data was extracted to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) and pooled where possible for meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirteen cross-sectional studies were included; all studies measured muscle size and 5/13 measured adiposity. In OA, there was low to very low quality evidence of no difference in hip muscle size, compared with matched controls. In unilateral OA, there was low to very low quality evidence of smaller size in gluteus minimus (SMD -0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.74, -0.01), gluteus medius (-0.44; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.05) and gluteus maximus (-0.39; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.02) muscles in the symptomatic limb. Individual studies demonstrated non-uniform changes in muscle size in OA. No significant difference was observed in muscle size in other pathologies or in adiposity for any group. CONCLUSION There is some low quality evidence that specific hip muscles are smaller in unilateral hip OA. Variation in the magnitude of differences indicate changes in size are not uniform across all muscles or stage of pathology. Studies in larger cohorts investigating muscle size and composition across the spectrum of articular pathologies are required to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Lawrenson
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - K M Crossley
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - B T Vicenzino
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - P W Hodges
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - G James
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - K J Croft
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - M G King
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - A I Semciw
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Mueller M, D'Addario M, Egger M, Cevallos M, Dekkers O, Mugglin C, Scott P. Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:44. [PMID: 29783954 PMCID: PMC5963098 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies are frequently performed, but no widely accepted guidance is available at present. We performed a systematic scoping review of published methodological recommendations on how to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies. Methods We searched online databases and websites and contacted experts in the field to locate potentially eligible articles. We included articles that provided any type of recommendation on how to conduct systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. We extracted and summarised recommendations on pre-defined key items: protocol development, research question, search strategy, study eligibility, data extraction, dealing with different study designs, risk of bias assessment, publication bias, heterogeneity, statistical analysis. We summarised recommendations by key item, identifying areas of agreement and disagreement as well as areas where recommendations were missing or scarce. Results The searches identified 2461 articles of which 93 were eligible. Many recommendations for reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were transferred from guidance developed for reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. Although there was substantial agreement in some methodological areas there was also considerable disagreement on how evidence synthesis of observational studies should be conducted. Conflicting recommendations were seen on topics such as the inclusion of different study designs in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the use of quality scales to assess the risk of bias, and the choice of model (e.g. fixed vs. random effects) for meta-analysis. Conclusion There is a need for sound methodological guidance on how to conduct systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies, which critically considers areas in which there are conflicting recommendations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-018-0495-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mueller
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena D'Addario
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Cevallos
- CTU Bern, Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Catrina Mugglin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pippa Scott
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Watson L, Balster S, Lenssen R, Hoy G, Pizzari T. The effects of a conservative rehabilitation program for multidirectional instability of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018; 27:104-111. [PMID: 28947382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservative management is commonly recommended as the first-line treatment for multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder. Despite this, the evidence for efficacy of treatment is limited, and until recently, guidance for clinicians on conservative rehabilitation programs has been inadequate. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a physiotherapy-led exercise program for participants with MDI. METHODS In a single-group study design, 43 participants (16 male, 27 female; mean age, 19.8 years, standard deviation, 4.9 years) diagnosed with MDI undertook a 12-week exercise program. Primary outcome measures were the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score. Secondary outcomes were strength and scapular position. All measures were taken at baseline and repeated at the conclusion of the program. Test differences before and after rehabilitation were evaluated with dependent t tests and single-group effect size calculations (standardized mean difference [SMD]) to provide a measure of the magnitude of the difference. RESULTS Large effects were found between pre- and postrehabilitation scores on all functional instability questionnaires, with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index demonstrating the largest effect (SMD, -3.04). Scapular upward rotation improved significantly in the early ranges of abduction (0°-60°), with moderate to large effects (SMDs, 0.54-0.95). All strength measures significantly improved, with large differences identified (SMDs, 0.69-2.08). CONCLUSION The identified improvement in functional status, shoulder muscle strength, and scapular positioning after rehabilitation allows greater confidence in the value of conservative management of MDI and informs further research by way of clinical trials in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn Watson
- LifeCare Prahran Sports Medicine Centre, Prahran, VIC, Australia; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Windsor, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Balster
- LifeCare Prahran Sports Medicine Centre, Prahran, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Windsor, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Lenssen
- LifeCare Prahran Sports Medicine Centre, Prahran, VIC, Australia; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Windsor, VIC, Australia
| | - Greg Hoy
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, Windsor, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia.
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Dang TM, Peters MJ, Hickey B, Semciw A. Efficacy of flattening-filter-free beam in stereotactic body radiation therapy planning and treatment: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2017; 61:379-387. [DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thu M Dang
- Radiation Oncology Mater Centre; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Mitchell J Peters
- Radiation Oncology Mater Centre; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Brigid Hickey
- Radiation Oncology Mater Centre; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Adam Semciw
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
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Ellis R, Shields N, Lim K, Dodd KJ. Eccentric exercise in adults with cardiorespiratory disease: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil 2015; 29:1178-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215515574783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine if eccentric exercise is effective, tolerable and safe for adults with chronic cardiorespiratory disease. Data sources: We searched electronic databases from inception until January 2015 (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, SportDiscus, PEDro, Cochrane Central and AMED) supplemented by citation tracking and reference list scanning. Review methods: Included articles had to report effects of eccentric exercise, alone or as a primary component of intervention, of any intensity and duration, on adults with chronic cardiorespiratory disease. Trials needed to be reported as full text in a peer-reviewed journal and include control data (randomised, quasi-randomised and single group cross-over design trials). Any outcomes or comparison interventions were accepted. Methodological rigor was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Of 22 potentially relevant articles, 10 met inclusion criteria. They reported results from seven trials with a total of 112 participants across the diseases. PEDro scores were low (median 3). Eccentric exercise increased strength and mobility to comparable levels as concentric exercise, however, it did so with lower oxygen consumption (effect size as large as d = –3.07 (–4.12, –1.80)), and four-fold power output (effect size d = –3.60 (–5.03, –1.66)). There were no adverse events reported for eccentric exercise. Pain was avoided with familiarisation sessions and individual exercise prescription. Conclusion: Eccentric exercise is beneficial and at least comparable with traditional exercise in improving walking and strength for people with chronic cardiorespiratory disease. It was well tolerated and we identified no safety concerns for the use of this intervention for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ellis
- Physiotherapy, Northern Health, Epping, Australia
| | - Nora Shields
- Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Allied Health, Northern Health, Epping, Australia
| | - Kwang Lim
- Medicine, Northern Health, Epping, Australia
| | - Karen J Dodd
- Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Thomaschke R, Hopkins B, Miall RC. The role of cue-response mapping in motorvisual impairment and facilitation: evidence for different roles of action planning and action control in motorvisual dual-task priming. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2012; 38:336-49. [PMID: 21806310 PMCID: PMC4961228 DOI: 10.1037/a0024794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that actions impair the visual perception of categorically action-consistent stimuli. On the other hand, actions can also facilitate the perception of spatially action-consistent stimuli. We suggest that motorvisual impairment is due to action planning processes, while motorvisual facilitation is due to action control mechanisms. This implies that because action planning is sensitive to modulations by cue-response mapping so should motorvisual impairment, while motorvisual facilitation should be insensitive to manipulations of cue-response mapping as is action control. We tested this prediction in three dual-task experiments. The impact of performing left and right key presses on the perception of unrelated, categorically or spatially consistent, stimuli was studied. As expected, we found motorvisual impairment for categorically consistent stimuli and motorvisual facilitation for spatially consistent stimuli. In all experiments, we compared congruent with incongruent cue-key mappings. Mapping manipulations affected motorvisual impairment, but not motorvisual facilitation. The results support our suggestion that motorvisual impairment is due to action planning, and motorvisual facilitation to action control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Thomaschke
- Lehrstuhl fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Psychologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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