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Rose GL, Farley MJ, Ward LC, Slater GJ, Skinner TL, Keating SE, Schaumberg MA. Accuracy of body composition measurement techniques across the age span. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:482-494. [PMID: 35041556 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acceptable accuracy of common body composition techniques compared with the reference 4-compartment (4C-R) model, which has not been investigated in a sample with diverse characteristics, including age and sex. Techniques included components of the 4C-R model [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, deuterium dilution (DD)] and surrogate compartment models, which utilised bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) rather than DD. Men and women (sex = 1:1, 18-85 years, n = 90) completed body composition testing under best-practice guidance. For measurement of individuals, only the reference 3-compartment (3C-R) equation met acceptable error limits (<5% error among individuals) within the a priori cut-point (80%) for fat-free mass (FFM; CV = 0.52%) and fat mass (FM; CV = 1.61%). However, all investigated techniques reached equivalency to the 4C-R model for FFM on average (CV = 0.52-4.31%), but for FM only the 3C and 4C equations that included quantification of total body water (TBW) by DD or BIS reached equivalency overall (CV = 1.61-6.68%). Sex and age minimally influenced accuracy. Only the 3C-R or 4C-R equations are supported for acceptable individual accuracy for both FFM and FM. For group estimates any investigated technique could be used with acceptable accuracy for FFM; however, for FM, inclusion of TBW measurement within a compartment model is necessary. Novelty: Only the referent 3C and 4C models (including deuterium dilution) provide accurate body composition results that are acceptable for measurement of individuals in the general population. For group estimates of lean mass in the general population, compartments models that include TBW must be used for accurate measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Morgan J Farley
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary J Slater
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mia A Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Australia
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Resting Energy Expenditure of Physically Active Boys in Southeastern Poland-The Accuracy and Validity of Predictive Equations. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120493. [PMID: 33271803 PMCID: PMC7760554 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimization of energy intake in the diet of young athletes is of primary importance. In addition to the energy expenditure associated with their body development, the demand resulting from intensive physical activity also increases. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of formulas commonly used for resting energy expenditure (REE) calculations with values obtained from measurements using indirect calorimetry among male children and adolescents practicing football. The study was conducted among 184 boys aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter and a device for assessing body composition by means of electrical bioimpedance using a segment analyzer. The mean error ranged from −477 kcal/d by the Maffeis formula to −182 kcal/d for the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IMNA) formula. A statistically significant difference was found for all formulas in the calculated value in relation to the measured REE value (p < 0.0001). Most “ready-to-use” formulas underestimate REE, which can be a risk in determining the total energy demand in a group that requires more calories, especially when due to intensive growth and development and the expenditure associated with regular training and increased physical activity.
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Phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in the evaluation of body composition in athletes. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:447-454. [PMID: 30850270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Weight and Body Composition in Healthy Non-Athlete Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020478. [PMID: 30813495 PMCID: PMC6412279 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ramadan involves one month of fasting from sunrise to sunset. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on weight and body composition. Methods: In May 2018, we searched six databases for publications that measured weight and body composition before and after Ramadan, and that did not attempt to influence physical activity or diet. Results: Data were collected from 70 publications (90 comparison groups, 2947 participants). There was a significant positive correlation between starting body mass index and weight lost during the fasting period. Consistently, there was a significant reduction in fat percentage between pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan in people with overweight or obesity (−1.46 (95% confidence interval: −2.57 to −0.35) %, p = 0.010), but not in those of normal weight (−0.41 (−1.45 to 0.63) %, p = 0.436). Loss of fat-free mass was also significant between pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan, but was about 30% less than loss of absolute fat mass. At 2–5 weeks after the end of Ramadan, there was a return towards, or to, pre-Ramadan measurements in weight and body composition. Conclusions: Even with no advice on lifestyle changes, there are consistent—albeit transient—reductions in weight and fat mass with the Ramadan fast, especially in people with overweight or obesity.
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Meleleo D, Bartolomeo N, Cassano L, Nitti A, Susca G, Mastrototaro G, Armenise U, Zito A, Devito F, Scicchitano P, Ciccone MM. Evaluation of body composition with bioimpedence. A comparison between athletic and non-athletic children. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:710-719. [PMID: 28319679 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1291750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) or Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can provide direct evaluations of body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate lean and fat mass (FM), and hydration of children involved in daily competitive sports. METHODS 190 non-athletic [8.2-10.5 years] and 29 competitive children [8.0-10.5 years] were enrolled. They were evaluated: at baseline (t0), 6 months (t1) and one year (t2). Anthropometric, BIA and BIVA, lean and FM, and hydration evaluations were performed. RESULTS Resistance (R/h) and reactance (Xc/h) were lower at t0 in competitive individuals when compared to controls. Xc/h (+3.28) significantly increases in competitive when compared to non-competitive individuals (+0.66, p for difference: 0.011), while phase angle (PA) was lower at t0 (5.72 vs. 6.17, p < .001) and after 6 months (p = .001). Total body water adjusted for height (TBW/h) significantly increased only in non-athletes (+0.50 ± 0.13, p < .001) between t0 and t1. At t1, extracellular water (ECW) significantly decreased (p = .026) in the two groups: -0.45 ± 0.19% in non-competitive, -1.63 ± 0.49% in competitive subjects, while intracellular water (ICW) increased. At one-year follow-up (t2), there were no statistically significant differences in R/h, Xc/h and PA in competitive individuals when compared to baseline and t1. Furthermore, we observed at t2 that hours/week of training, age, male gender and body mass index can influence FFM/h and FM/h in both competitive and non-competitive subjects. In particular, a direct correlation was for hours/week and FFM/h, inverse for hours/week and FM/h. CONCLUSIONS Body mass index does not allow evaluating differences in lean body mass and FM between athletes and non-athletes. BIA and BIVA can give more reliable details about body composition differences in competitive adolescents and non-competitive, outlining a progressive decline in ECW and increase in ICW without affecting TBW composition of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Meleleo
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Nicola Bartolomeo
- c Hygiene Section, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Liliana Cassano
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Alessandro Nitti
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Giovanna Susca
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mastrototaro
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Umberto Armenise
- a Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellness (SINSeB) , Empoli , Italy.,b Childhood Section of SINSeB at Dott. Domenico Meleleo , Canosa di Puglia (BT) , Italy
| | - Annapaola Zito
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
| | - Fiorella Devito
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
| | - Pietro Scicchitano
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- d Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation , University of Bari, School of Medicine , Bari , Italy
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Souza MF, Tomeleri CM, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effect of resistance training on phase angle in older women: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1308-1316. [PMID: 27541287 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center; Londrina State University; Londrina Parana Brazil
| | - C. M. Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center; Londrina State University; Londrina Parana Brazil
| | - A. S. Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center; Londrina State University; Londrina Parana Brazil
| | - B. J. Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Department; CUNY Lehman College; Bronx New York USA
| | - A. M. Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory; CIPER; Faculty of Human Kinetics; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - L. B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory; CIPER; Faculty of Human Kinetics; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - E. S. Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center; Londrina State University; Londrina Parana Brazil
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Kendall KL, Fukuda DH, Hyde PN, Smith-Ryan AE, Moon JR, Stout JR. Estimating fat-free mass in elite-level male rowers: a four-compartment model validation of laboratory and field methods. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:624-633. [PMID: 27159216 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1183802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from two-compartment (2C) models including air displacement plethysmography (ADP), ultrasound (US), near-infrared interactance (NIR), and the Jackson and Pollock skinfold equation (SKF) against a criterion four-compartment (4C) model in elite male rowers. METHODS Twenty-three elite-level male rowers (mean± SD; age 24.6 ± 2.2 years; stature: 191.4 ± 7.2 cm; mass: 87.2 ± 11.2 kg) participated in this investigation. All body composition assessments were performed on the same day in random order, except for hydrostatic weighing (HW), which was measured last. FFM was evaluated using a 4C model, which included total body water from bioimpedance spectroscopy, body volume from HW, and total body bone mineral via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The major findings of the study were that the 2C models evaluated overestimated FFM and should be considered with caution for the assessment of FFM in elite male rowers. Future studies should use multiple-compartment models, with measurement of TBW and bone mineral content, for the estimation of FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David H Fukuda
- b Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Parker N Hyde
- c Department of Human Sciences , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- d Department of Exercise and Sport Science , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Stout
- b Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
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Utility of novel body indices in predicting fat mass in elite athletes. Nutrition 2015; 31:948-54. [PMID: 26059366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, new body indices, including body adiposity (BAI), a body shape (ABSI), and body roundness (BRI) indices have been developed to estimate adiposity. The aim of this study was to compare percent fat mass (%FM) with novel indices in an elite athlete population. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, %FM in 159 male and 50 female athletes using a four-component model was assessed. The %FM was compared with body mass index (BMI), BAI, ABSI, BRI, and with other %FM field methods (bioimpedance spectroscopy and skinfold prediction equation). These associations were determined using multilinear regression analysis, which resulted in predictive models of %FM in athletes. Cross-validation was performed using the prediction residual error sum of squares (PRESS) statistics method. RESULTS Although higher associations than other indices were observed, BRI still presented low coefficients of determination (men: R(2) = 0.36; women: R(2) = 0.25) when comparing with other field methods (R(2) range, 0.33-0.75). Using BAI as the independent variable, the R(2) was 0.07 for men and 0.14 for women. ABSI did not result in a significant association with %FM in women (R(2) = 0.05) while in men a significant association was found (R(2) = 0.22). The BMI model resulted in a R(2) = 0.20 for men and R(2) = 0.22 for women. Waist circumference and the sum of skinfolds were the anthropometric variables with the highest association with adiposity. New alternatives were presented with higher coefficients of determination (PRESS R(2) ranged from 0.47 to 0.71). CONCLUSIONS The newly developed body indices are limited in predicting %FM in elite athletes, particularly when compared with other commonly and readily available field methods like bioimpedance analysis or skinfold prediction models.
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Gonçalves EM, Matias CN, Santos DA, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. Assessment of total body water and its compartments in elite judo athletes: comparison of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy with dilution techniques. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:634-40. [PMID: 25278240 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.953981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fosbøl MØ, Zerahn B. Contemporary methods of body composition measurement. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 35:81-97. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ø. Fosbøl
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Center of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research; University of Copenhagen; Hvidovre Hospital; Hvidovre Denmark
| | - Bo Zerahn
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Herlev Hospital; Herlev Denmark
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