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Miley EN, Hansberger BL, Casanova M, Baker RT, Pickering MA. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire. J Athl Train 2023; 58:261-270. [PMID: 34623429 PMCID: PMC10176845 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0193.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep has long been understood as an essential component for overall well-being, substantially affecting physical health, cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Currently, the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) is the only known instrument designed to measure sleep behaviors in the athletic population. However, the psychometric properties of the scale in a collegiate student-athlete and dance population have not been established. OBJECTIVE To assess model fit of the ASBQ in a sample of collegiate traditional student-athletes and dancers. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Twelve colleges and universities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 556 (104 men, 452 women; age = 19.84 ± 1.62 years) traditional student-athletes and dancers competing at the collegiate level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed to assess the factor structure of the ASBQ. We performed principal component analysis extraction and covariance modeling analyses to identify an alternate model. Multigroup invariance testing was conducted on the alternate model to identify if group differences existed for sex, sport type, injury status, and level of competition. RESULTS The CFA on the ASBQ indicated that the model did not meet recommended model fit indices. An alternate 3-factor, 9-item model with improved fit was identified; however, the scale structure was not consistently supported during multigroup invariance testing procedures. CONCLUSIONS The original 3-factor, 18-item ASBQ was not supported for use with collegiate athletes in our study. The alternate ASBQ was substantially improved, although more research should be completed to ensure that the 9-item instrument accurately captures all dimensions of sleep behavior relevant for collegiate athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie N. Miley
- University of Florida, Gainesville
- Department of Movement Sciences
| | | | | | - Russell T. Baker
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow
- Athletic Training Programs, University of Idaho, Moscow
- Towson University, MD
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Miralles-Amorós L, Vicente-Martínez M, Asencio-Mas N, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Martínez-Olcina M. Ramadan Nutritional Strategy: Professional Soccer Player Case Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030465. [PMID: 35276823 PMCID: PMC8838374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The period of Ramadan induces changes in the usual eating patterns of individuals. During this period, Muslims must abstain from drinking and eating from dawn to dusk. Therefore, some research conducted on professional soccer players has observed that during and/or after Ramadan, performance, running speed, agility, dribbling speed, and endurance and/or skill performance in athletic events may be negatively affected by Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of a dietary plan during RIF on performance and body composition in a professional soccer player. A 20-year-old elite player (86.0 kg, 188.5 cm) followed a dietary-nutritional plan with an isocaloric diet and was supplemented with glycerol. The athlete's strength and power in the lower limbs was assessed by performing a countermovement jump (CMJ) and Abalakov vertical jump (ABK) before and after Ramadan. After nutritional planning, the patient's body composition improved in terms of fat loss (6.61 to 5.70%) and muscle mass gain (50.26 to 51.50%). In addition, this translated into improvements in performance tests, both in the CMJ (36.72 to 40.00 cm) and ABK (39.16 to 49.34 cm). In conclusion, during a period of fasting, personalised nutritional planning and an appropriate supplementation and rest protocol can improve the body composition and performance of soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Miralles-Amorós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Manuel Vicente-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Science, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Asencio-Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Escuela de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 7055, Chile;
| | - María Martínez-Olcina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
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Kołodziejczyk M, Chmura P, Konefał M, Chmura J, Rokita A, Andrzejewski M. The Effect of Squad Rotation on Physical Activity at the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Analysis the Most Exploited Players of the 4 Best Teams. Front Psychol 2021; 12:726207. [PMID: 34603146 PMCID: PMC8484307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how the four best teams in the 2018 Football Men's World Cup rotate by squad and how this impact the physical activity of the teams in consecutive rounds. The study sample consisted of the 31 players of the 4 best teams, who played in every tournament match, except for the third game of the group stage. The analysis included 186 observations and was carried out on the most exploited players (MEP) excluding goalkeepers, who played at least 450 mins (5 full matches) in the tournament. The analysis was conducted using data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS®. The selected physical activity parameters analyzed included: total distance covered (m/min), distance covered at various intensity ranges (m/min), top speed (km/h), and number of sprints performed. It was found that all four teams in the third match of the group stage have performed the largest number of rotations with most exploited players and introduced the highest number of rested players (7.75 ± 2.06). A significant increase was observed between the second and fourth match in the 0–7 km/h distance covered (37.99 ± 3.19–39.23 ± 3.35 m/min) and the top speed (28.12 ± 2.22–29.21 ± 2.64 km/h)—p < 0.05. Furthermore, MEPs in the knockout stage, used pacing strategies by increasing the amount of low-intensity running to maintain high intensity during the game. From a practical point of view, this investigation shows that squad rotation can be a valuable support to a pacing strategy by players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Team Games, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- Department of Team Games, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Mhenni T, Souissi A, Tayech A, Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Chamari K, Souissi N, Khlifa R, Haddad M. The effect of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances in elite female team-handball players. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1488-1499. [PMID: 34112026 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1932994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of Ramadan fasting and the time of theday on the physical performance of team-handball players has not yet been fully investigated. This study investigated the effects of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance. With acounterbalanced study design, 15 elite female team-handball players underwent the hand grip (HG), ball throwing velocity (BTV), modified agility T-test (MAT), and repeated shuttle-sprint and jump ability (RSSJA) tests at 07:00 h and 17:00 h, one week before Ramadan (BR), and during thesecond (SWR) and fourth week of Ramadan (4WR). The oral temperature (OT) was monitored prior to exercise and the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were obtained after RSSJA. The results showed that the time of theday had an effect on OT under all conditions. The HG, BTV, and MAT test performances were higher in the evening than in the morning BR (P< .001, P< .05, and P< .001, respectively). However, the diurnal variation noted in the HG and MAT tests was reversed during the SWR and 4WR, while the BTV variation was blunted during the SWR and reversed during the 4WR. The best RSSJA performance was observed in the evening BR. However, for the best and mean sprint times, areversal of this diurnal variation was observed, which was blunted for the mean jump height and sprint time decrement during Ramadan. Moreover, RPE were influenced by the time of theday and the month of Ramadan. These findings suggest that the diurnal variation of team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance may be reversed and/or blunted during Ramadan fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouraya Mhenni
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Tayech
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khlifa
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Jorquera-Aguilera C, Barahona-Fuentes G, Pérez Peña MJ, Yeomans Cabrera MM, Huerta Ojeda Á. Sleep Quality in Chilean Professional Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115866. [PMID: 34072595 PMCID: PMC8198782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that good sleep quality has a positive effect on physical performance. However, sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players. It was a cross-sectional, explanatory study with observable variables. The sample consisted of 94 Chilean male soccer players belonging to four professional clubs. The main variable was the Sleep Quality Index, evaluated through the Pittsburgh questionnaire (Spanish version). After estimating sleep quality individually, the four professional soccer clubs’ comparison was performed through a one-factor ANOVA. The Pearson test was used to relate the questionnaire variables; the significance level was p < 0.05. In the global analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a value of 4.75 ± 2.29 on a scale of 0–21 was observed, with no significant differences between the clubs evaluated (p > 0.05). Based on the results obtained, Chilean male professional soccer players present good sleep quality. However, the high values of “sleep latency” and “sleep disturbances” are indicators that should be worked on by the multidisciplinary team of each professional club. They should develop strategies to improve sleep hygiene, encourage good sleep, and fall asleep efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile;
| | - María José Pérez Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Magíster en Nutrición para la Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | | | - Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-77980432
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Bouzid MA, Abaïdia AE, Bouchiba M, Ghattassi K, Daab W, Engel FA, Chtourou H. Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Recovery Following a Simulated Soccer Match in Professional Soccer Players: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1480. [PMID: 31866876 PMCID: PMC6909883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Assessing the effects of Ramadan fasting on recovery following a soccer match simulation. Methods: Eight elite soccer players (age: 21.0 ± 0.4 years) performed a modified Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test protocol (LISTmod) on two occasions: 1 week before (BR) and during the fourth week of Ramadan (End-R). At BR and End-R, soccer players performed squat jump, countermovement jump, maximal voluntary contraction, and 20 m sprint, and creatine kinase, uric acid, and subjective ratings (feelings scale, quality of sleep, fatigue, muscle soreness and stress) were assessed at baseline and 0, 24, 48, and 72 h following LISTmod. Results: Following LISTmod, performance in squat jump (48 and 72 h) (p < 0.05), countermovement jump (48 and 72 h), maximal voluntary contraction (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), and 20 m sprint (0 and 48 h) decreased significantly on both occasions. Decreases were higher at End-R than BR. Creatine kinase levels increased significantly at 24 and 48 h at BR and End-R (p < 0.05). Uric acid increased at 0 and 24 h only on BR. Muscle soreness increased throughout the recovery period at both occasions, with a higher level at End-R. Stress rating increased only at 0 h on End-R, while fatigue rating increased at 24 h at BR and at 0, 24, and 48 h at End-R. Conclusion: Perturbations in physical performance and subjective ratings parameters were higher at the end of Ramadan. However, the results of this study showed that Ramadan fasting did not adversely affect the recovery following soccer match simulation in professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- UR15JS01, Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abd-Elbasset Abaïdia
- UR15JS01, Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Bouchiba
- UR15JS01, Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- UR15JS01, Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wael Daab
- UR15JS01, Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Florian A Engel
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Fullagar HHK, Skorski S, Duffield R, Hammes D, Coutts AJ, Meyer T. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med 2015; 45:161-86. [PMID: 25315456 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although its true function remains unclear, sleep is considered critical to human physiological and cognitive function. Equally, since sleep loss is a common occurrence prior to competition in athletes, this could significantly impact upon their athletic performance. Much of the previous research has reported that exercise performance is negatively affected following sleep loss; however, conflicting findings mean that the extent, influence, and mechanisms of sleep loss affecting exercise performance remain uncertain. For instance, research indicates some maximal physical efforts and gross motor performances can be maintained. In comparison, the few published studies investigating the effect of sleep loss on performance in athletes report a reduction in sport-specific performance. The effects of sleep loss on physiological responses to exercise also remain equivocal; however, it appears a reduction in sleep quality and quantity could result in an autonomic nervous system imbalance, simulating symptoms of the overtraining syndrome. Additionally, increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines following sleep loss could promote immune system dysfunction. Of further concern, numerous studies investigating the effects of sleep loss on cognitive function report slower and less accurate cognitive performance. Based on this context, this review aims to evaluate the importance and prevalence of sleep in athletes and summarises the effects of sleep loss (restriction and deprivation) on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Given the equivocal understanding of sleep and athletic performance outcomes, further research and consideration is required to obtain a greater knowledge of the interaction between sleep and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H K Fullagar
- Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, GEB. B82, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany,
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Petit E, Bourdin H, Mougin F, Tio G, Haffen E. Time-of-Day Effects on Psychomotor and Physical Performances in Highly Trained Cyclists. Percept Mot Skills 2013; 117:376-88. [DOI: 10.2466/30.25.pms.117x23z0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine, in trained young cyclists, whether psychomotor performances were dependent on time of day and fluctuated similarly to changes in athletic performance. 14 highly trained male cyclists ( M age = 17.3 yr., SD = 1.6; M height = 179.0 cm, SD = 0.1; M body weight = 67.4 kg, SD = 4.5) voluntarily took part in 6 test sessions, at 08:30, 10:30, 12:30, 14:30, 16:30 and 18:30. Each test session comprised a maximal-intensity exercise consisting of 2 × 10-sec. sprints (all-out exercise) preceded by an attentional performance test including 4 fields of attention performed in a randomized order at different times throughout the same day, every 2 hr. between 08:30 and 18:30. The main results indicated that attentional and physical performances depended on the time of day, with an improvement in reaction times in phasic alertness, visual scanning, flexibility, Go/No-go, and an increase in maximum power throughout the day. This study shows the daily variations in physical performances and that fluctuations are reflected in psychomotor performances. These findings suggest that cyclists' training sessions cannot be programmed throughout the day without taking into consideration the effects of the time of day, with several practical applications for coaches and athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Petit
- Integrative Neurosciences and Comportment, UPFR of Sports, University of Franche-Comte
| | - Hubert Bourdin
- Integrative Neurosciences and Comportment, CHRU, Sleep Disorder Unit
| | - Fabienne Mougin
- UPFR of Sports, University of Franche-Comte, Department of Cardiovascular, Physiopathology and Prevention
| | | | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Integrative Neurosciences and Comportment, CHRU, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Clinical Investigation Center University Hospital of Besançon
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