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Dong Y, Mao M, Wu Y, Che C, Song Q, Sun W, Zhang C. Frontal and parietal cortices activation during walking is repeatable in older adults based on fNIRS. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30197. [PMID: 38756562 PMCID: PMC11096826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the test-retest reliability of fNIRS in measuring frontal and parietal cortices activation during straight walking and turning walking in older adults, in order to provide a theoretical foundation for selecting assessment tools for clinical research on motor control and some diseases such as Parkinson's disease in older adults. Methods 18 healthy older participants (69.1 ± 0.7 years) were included in this study. The participants completed straight walking and figure-of-eight turning walking tasks at self-selected speeds. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman scatter plots were used to assess the test-retest reliability of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) changes derived from fNIRS. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The test-retest reliability of HbO2 in prefrontal cortex (ICC, 0.67-0.78) was good and excellent, in frontal motor cortex (ICC, 0.51-0.61) and parietal sensory cortex (ICC, 0.53-0.62) is fair and good when the older adults performed straight and turning walking tasks. Bland-Altman diagram shows that the data consistency is fair and good. Conclusion fNIRS can be used as a clinical measurement method to evaluate the brain activation of the older adults when walking in a straight line and turning, and the results are acceptable repeatability and consistency. However, it is necessary to strictly control the testing process and consider the possible changes in the repeated measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dong
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Mao
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunzhi Wu
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengzhang Che
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
- Sports Biomechanics Lab, Shandong Institute of Sport Science, Jinan, China
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Szabó ZT, Derkács E, Deli B, Prémusz V, Vass L, Pusztafalvi H, Ács P. The effect of a 10-week TOCA Football System intervention program on sport-specific motor skills among junior footballers. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1339768. [PMID: 38812892 PMCID: PMC11136502 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1339768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of our study was to examine, in addition to using the TOCA Football System tool and training method, the effect of a 10-week intervention on elite youth athletes in terms of their sport-specific motor skills and anthropometric variables. Methods The study covered a group of 32 young players practicing football (U14) (13.45 ± 0.64 years). The junior U14 footballers were randomly assigned to an intervention or TOCA group (TG, N = 15, 13.25 ± 0.58 years) and a control group (CG, N = 17, 13.63 ± 0.66 years). Before starting the test, we performed full anthropometric measurements and assessed the sample's agility with and without the ball and their sport-specific endurance. The measurements were then repeated after the 10-week intervention. Results Within-group analysis showed significant improvements in muscle mass (p < 0.001), sport-specific endurance (p < 0.001), (p < 0.004) and agility (in TG) both with and without the ball (p = 0.002), (p = 0.004) however, we did not find a significant change in body fat percentage in either group (p = 0.988, p = 0.288). In the CG, "agility with the ball" changed significantly only (p = 0.023). In the between-group analysis with a repeated-measures analysis of variance (mixed-design ANOVA), there was no significant interaction in any performance variables. The main findings of this study indicate that a TOCA Football training program in addition to normal training during the in-season period does not produce additional effects in anthropometric factors, sport-specific endurance and agility performance with the ball (dribbling) and without the ball in comparison with the control condition. Discussion From a practical point of view, the presented anthropometric and physical profiles of players can be useful for football coaches in optimizing soccer training. Overall, it also can be concluded that the device can be safely used in the sensitive age group in terms of the development of motor skills since we did not find any negative effects during the use of the device in terms of the parameters we examined. In addition to the expansion of the number of elements and the inclusion of other age groups, it is advisable to carry out further complex tests, as the TOCA Football System offers many research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Tamás Szabó
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Evelin Derkács
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Deli
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Prémusz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lívia Vass
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Henriette Pusztafalvi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health Insurance, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Pongrác Ács
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Sellami M, Makni E, Moalla W, Tarwneh R, Elloumi M. Effect of maturation level on normative specific-agility performance metrics and their fitness predictors in soccer players aged 11-18 years. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:61. [PMID: 38439052 PMCID: PMC10910778 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sports sciences, normative data serve as standards for specific physical performance attributes, enhancing talent identification within a specific population. The aim of this study was to provide standard data for Agility-15 m, Ball-15 m tests, and skill index, considering maturation level, specifically age at peak height velocity (PHV). The study also investigated the relationship between relative performances in these tests and anthropometrics, jumping (squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ]), and sprinting abilities (S-5 m, S-10 m, S-20 m, S-30 m) in young soccer players. METHODS The study involved 647 soccer players aged 11-18 years, categorized into three groups: pre-PHV, circum-PHV, and post-PHV. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc testing to detect variations among maturation groups, and Pearson's correlation test to examine the relationship between factors. RESULTS Agility-15 m and ball-15 m performances among maturity groups showed significant differences (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were identified in pre-PHV group, between lower limb length and Agility-15 m (r=-0.23, p < 0.05) and between height and Ball-15 m (r=-0.23, p < 0.05). In post-PHV group, there was a correlation between body fat percentage (BF %) and Agility-15 m (r = 0.17, p < 0.05) and Ball-15 m (r = 0.21, p < 0.05). In all maturity groups, there were significant correlations between agility and sprint tests (S-5 m, S-10 m, S-20 m, and S-30 m) and muscle power (SJ and CMJ). CONCLUSION The study revealed that both speed and lower limb power significantly influence agility in young soccer players, providing valuable insights for coaches and practitioners to create tailored training plans and interventions for different age groups and maturity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sellami
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse. Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Emna Makni
- Research Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse. Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- LR 19JS01 EM2S, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raghad Tarwneh
- Sport Sciences and Diagnostics Research Group, GS-HPE Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elloumi
- Sport Sciences and Diagnostics Research Group, GS-HPE Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Li L, Li S. Pinch force sense test-retest reliability evaluation using contralateral force matching task. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1063. [PMID: 38212469 PMCID: PMC10784472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A high test-retest reliability in measurement of pinch force sense is required to assess a clinical parameter accurately over a longitudinal study. Ipsilateral reproduction (IR) task and contralateral matching (CM) task have commonly been used for the assessment of force sense. To date, there has been little research on the test-retest reliability of pinch force sense utilizing the contralateral force matching task. This research aimed to explore this phenomenon across a spectrum of reference force levels (10, 30, and 50 percent maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) using a contralateral matching task. Every participant in the study was tested twice by the same skilled experts, with each session separated by one week. Although normalized variable error indicated a poor level of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = - 0.25 to 0.05) for these force sense tests, normalized constant error (ICC = 0.76-0.85) and normalized absolute error (ICC = 0.61-0.81) results indicated a fair to good of reliability. The lower bound of 95% CI of ICC for NAE and NCE indicated fair test-retest reliability (0.41-0.69). These findings suggest that investigators can reasonably obtain a fair to good test-retest reliability when investigating pinch force sense using the contralateral matching task. The Bland-Altman plots, SEM, and MDD95% were lower at these lower reference force level (10% MVIC) compared to the level of higher reference forces (30% and 50% MVIC). Therefore, when the reference force level increases, the participant needs a larger NAE or NCE decrease to show that their pinch force sense has indeed improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shuwang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, China.
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Li Y, Yu N, Zhang C, Song Q, Wang J, Sun W. Test-retest reliability of kinematic and kinetic parameters during dual-task stair walking in the elderly. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1177159. [PMID: 37228826 PMCID: PMC10203527 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the test-retest reliability of kinematics and kinetics during single and dual-task stair walking in the elderly. Methods: Fifteen healthy elderly adults were recruited. Kinematic and kinetic parameters were measured using an infrared motion analysis system (Vicon, Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom) and force platforms (Switzerland, Kistler 9287BA and 9281CA). Participants were tested under single-task and dual-task (serial 3 subtractions or carrying a cup of water) conditions. Each participant completed two sessions on two separate days with a 1-week interval. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and Bland-Altman plot were used to assess the reliability of stair walking. Results: When ascending stairs, the ICC of kinematics and kinetics ranged from fair to excellent (ICC = 0.500-0.979) in the single and dual tasks, except for step length (ICC = 0.394) in the single task. The r value of kinematics and kinetics ranged from 0.704 to 0.999. When descending stairs, the ICC of kinematics and kinetics ranged from good to excellent (ICC = 0.661-0.963), except for min hip moment (ICC = 0.133) and min ankle moment (ICC = 0.057) in the manual task. The r value of kinematics and kinetics ranged from 0.773 to 0.960 in the single and dual tasks. In the Bland-Altman plots, all the zero values and most of the dots fell in the 95% confidence interval, and the mean difference was found to be close to zero for all the parameters during stair walking. Conclusion: These results obtained from this study show the good test-retest reliability of step cadence, step speed, and step width during single- and dual-task stair walking in the elderly, and the poor reliability of step length during ascending stairs. All the kinetic parameters, including min hip moment, max knee moment, and min ankle moment, had good test-retest reliability during single- and dual-task stair walking, but min hip moment and min ankle moment had poor reliability during manual-task descending stair. These results may help researchers in the assessment of biomechanics of dual-task stair walking in the elderly and to interpret the effect of interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Sports Science, Jinan, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangna Wang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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Li YX, Li L, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhang CL. Assessment of grip force sense test-retest reliability in healthy male participants. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1621-1630. [PMID: 35179447 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2044521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lack of research to date regarding the test-retest reliability of grip force sense in healthy adult males. This study was therefore designed to explore this topic across a series of target force levels using an ipsilateral force reproduction task. The same experienced research staff conducted two testing sessions for each study participant, with 1 week between test sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficient values indicated that these force sensing tests exhibited good to fair reliability with respect to both absolute error (0.42-0.63) and constant error (0.49-0.60), although variable error was indicative of poor reliability (-0.85 to 0.14). Together, these results suggest that researchers can achieve a fair level of test-retest reliability when analysing grip force sense in healthy adult males, with results being most reliable at force levels of 20 N and 50 N, as determined based upon measured constant error and absolute error. Practitioner summary: To ensure that grip force sense can be accurately interpreted over time, it is important to assess the test-retest reliability. It is recommended that practitioners measure the absolute error and constant error at force levels of 20 N and 50 N when assessing grip force sense in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Li
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Hebei, China
| | - Chong-Long Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Hebei, China
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Li L, Li Y, Wu C, Zhang X. Test-retest reliability of tip, key, and palmar pinch force sense in healthy adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:189. [PMID: 32216796 PMCID: PMC7099785 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No previous studies have investigated the test–retest reliability of tip, key, and palmar pinch force sense in healthy adults. The present study explores the test-retest reliability of tip, key, and palmar pinch force sense for different force levels in healthy adults during an ipsilateral force reproduction task. Methods Fifty-six healthy subjects were instructed to produce varying levels of reference forces (10, 30, and 50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) using three types of pinches (tip pinch, palmar pinch, and key pinch) and to reproduce these forces using the same hand. The subjects were tested twice by the same experienced testers, 1 week apart. Results Based on the high values of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the tip pinch (0.783–0.895) and palmar pinch (0.752–0.903) force sense tests demonstrated good reliability for all the variables. The ICCs for the key pinch (0.712–0.881) indicated fair to good relative test-retest reliability. Conclusion 1) This study demonstrates that high test-retest reliability of tip, key, and palmar pinch force sense in healthy adults can be achieved using standardized positioning and the proposed approach. 2) According to the reliability measurements, 30 and 50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) are the most reliable pinch force sense levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Physical Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Li
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Langfang, Hebei, 065000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhong Wu
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Langfang, Hebei, 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Sládečková B, Botek M, Krejčí J, Lehnert M. Assessment of the body response to specific fatigue exercise protocol SAFT90 in U16 soccer players. ACTA GYMNICA 2019. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2019.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Boddington BJ, Cripps AJ, Scanlan AT, Spiteri T. The validity and reliability of the Basketball Jump Shooting Accuracy Test. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1648-1654. [PMID: 30774001 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1582138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the content validity, construct validity and reliability of the newly developed Basketball Jump Shooting Accuracy Test (BJSAT). Basketball athletes from different playing levels (State Basketball League [SBL], n = 30, age: 22.7 ± 6.1 yr; SBL Division I, n = 11, age: 20.6 ± 2.1 yr) completed four separate trials of the BJSAT with each trial consisting of shot attempts from two- and three-point distances at pre-determined court locations. Each shot attempt was scored utilising a criteria where higher scores were given when greater accuracy was exhibited. The BJSAT detected a significant, large difference in accuracy between two- and three-point shots (d = 0.99, p < 0.01). Relative reliability across the repeated trials was rated as moderate for all athletes (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.71, p < 0.01) and good for the SBL athletes (ICC = 0.78, p < 0.01). Absolute reliability for all athletes was above the acceptable benchmark (coefficient of variation = 16.2%); however superior to skill tests available in the literature. In conclusion, the BJSAT is sensitive to two- and three-point shooting accuracy and can reliably assess jump shooting accuracy in basketball athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton J Boddington
- a School of Health Sciences , The University of Notre Dame , Fremantle , Australia
| | - Ashley J Cripps
- a School of Health Sciences , The University of Notre Dame , Fremantle , Australia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- b Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
| | - Tania Spiteri
- a School of Health Sciences , The University of Notre Dame , Fremantle , Australia
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Pardos- Mainer E, Casajús JA, Gonzalo-Skok O. Reliability and sensitivity of jumping, linear sprinting and change of direction ability tests in adolescent female football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1554257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pardos- Mainer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Zaragoza, Spain
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Kutlu M, Yapici H, Yilmaz A. Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2017; 56:219-227. [PMID: 28469760 PMCID: PMC5384069 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Agility and Skill Test, which had been recently developed to assess agility and skill in female athletes. Following a 10 min warm-up, two trials to test the reliability and validity of the test were conducted one week apart. Measurements were collected to compare soccer players’ physical performance in a 20 m sprint, a T-Drill test, the Illinois Agility Run Test, change-of-direction and acceleration, as well as agility and skill. All tests were completed following the same order. Thirty-four amateur female soccer players were recruited (age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years; body height = 166 ± 6.9 cm; body mass = 55.5 ± 5.8 kg). To determine the reliability and usefulness of these tests, paired sample t-tests, intra-class correlation coefficients, typical error, coefficient of variation, and differences between the typical error and smallest worthwhile change statistics were computed. Test results showed no significant differences between the two sessions (p > 0.01). There were higher intra-class correlations between the test and retest values (r = 0.94–0.99) for all tests. Typical error values were below the smallest worthwhile change, indicating ‘good’ usefulness for these tests. A near perfect Pearson correlation between the Agility and Skill Test (r = 0.98) was found, and there were moderate-to-large levels of correlation between the Agility and Skill Test and other measures (r = 0.37 to r = 0.56). The results of this study suggest that the Agility and Skill Test is a reliable and valid test for female soccer players and has significant value for assessing the integrative agility and skill capability of soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kutlu
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Istanbul Gelisim ISTANBUL, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yapici
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Kirikkale University, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yilmaz
- Department of Statistics, Art & Science Faculty, the University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Sun W, Song Q, Yu B, Zhang C, Mao D. Test–retest reliability of a new device for assessing ankle joint threshold to detect passive movement in healthy adults. J Sports Sci 2015; 33:1667-74. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.1003589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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