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Biel P, Zubik M, Filip-Stachnik A, Ewertowska P, Krzysztofik M. Acute effects of unilateral and bilateral conditioning activity on countermovement jump, linear speed, and muscle stiffness: A randomized crossover study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292999. [PMID: 37831688 PMCID: PMC10575535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence directly comparing the effects of bilateral and unilateral conditioning activities is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the acute effect of unilateral and bilateral conditioning activity on vastus lateralis stiffness, countermovement jump parameters, and 10 m sprint. METHODS Twelve semi-professional basketball players participated in this study (age: 23 ± 4 yrs; body mass: 84.7 ± 10.6 kg; body height: 192 ± 6 cm; basketball training experience: 11 ± 4 yrs) performed four experimental sessions to compare the acute effects of bilateral, stronger-only, weaker-only lower limb or no conditioning activity on vastus lateralis stiffness, countermovement jumps variables (height; peak velocity; peak force, contraction time, countermovement depth, and modified reactive strength index and 10 m sprint time. Measurements were performed 5 minutes before and in the 5th and 10th minutes after CA. RESULTS Bilateral conditioning activity significantly increase the countermovement jump height (p = 0.002; ES = 0.71) and the reactive strength index modified (p = 0.010; ES = 0.59). Moreover, a significantly higher peak force in the stronger than in the weaker limb was found (p<0.001) without any differences between conditions and time points (p>0.05). However, there were no significant (p>0.05) interactions and effects of conditions or time-point in the case of the other countermovement jump variables, vastus lateralis stiffness, and 10m sprint time. CONCLUSION Unilateral and bilateral drop jumps (3 sets of 5 repetitions) did not affect the vastus lateralis stiffness and time of the 10m sprint. However, only bilateral drop jumps effectively enhanced the countermovement jump height and modified reactive strength index. Bilateral drop jumps might be a useful part of a warm-up to improve jumping performance in basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Biel
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Zubik
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Ewertowska
- Division of Clinical Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhang Y, Bai Z, Zhang Z, Yuan P, Xu Y, Wang Z, Sutton D, Ren J, Delahunt E, Wang D. Effect of moxibustion on knee joint stiffness characteristics in recreational athletes pre- and post-fatigue. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2023; 34:20-27. [PMID: 37800098 PMCID: PMC10550517 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Joint stiffness results from the coupling of the nervous system and joint mechanics, and thus stiffness is a comprehensive representation of joint stability. It has been reported that moxibustion can alleviate general weakness and fatigue symptoms and subsequently may influence joint stiffness. This study investigated whether moxibustion could enhance knee joint stiffness in recreational athletes pre- and post-fatigue. Methods Eighteen participants were randomized into intervention (5 males: 20.6 ± 1.5 yr; 4 females: 20.8 ± 1.5 yr) and control groups (5 males: 19.4 ± 0.9 yr; 4 females: 20.5 ± 0.6 yr). The intervention group received indirect moxibustion applied to acupoints ST36 (bilateral) and CV4 for 30 min every other day for 4 consecutive weeks. The control group maintained regular exercise without moxibustion. Peak torque (PT) of right knee extensor, relaxed and contracted muscle stiffness (MS) of vastus lateralis, and knee extensor musculoarticular stiffness (MAS) was assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer (IsoMed 2000), myometer, and free oscillation technique, respectively. Measurements were taken at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention/pre-fatigue, and post-fatigue. Results MAS (P = 0.006) and PT (P = 0.007) in the intervention group increased more from pre-to post-intervention compared with the control group. Post-fatigue MAS (P = 0.016) and PT (P = 0.031) increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion Moxibustion enhanced PT and knee MAS, suggesting that this intervention could be used in injury prevention and benefit fatigue resistance in young recreational athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zirong Bai
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yilin Xu
- Sports Biomechanics Laboratory, Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing, 320113, China
| | - Zun Wang
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - David Sutton
- Shanghai Elite Sport Training Center, Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Jarosz J, Gaweł D, Krzysztofik M, Zając A, Tsoukos A, Bogdanis GC, Wilk M. Effects of blood flow restriction on mechanical properties of the rectus femoris muscle at rest. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1244376. [PMID: 37664427 PMCID: PMC10469864 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1244376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study examined the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) and reperfusion on the mechanical properties of the rectus femoris muscle at rest (frequency and stiffness). Methods: Fourteen trained men (body weight = 81.0 ± 10.3 kg; BMI = 25 ± 3.0 m/kg2; height = 181 ± 4 cm; training experience = 6.0 ± 2.2 years) participated in an experimental session involving their dominant (BFR) and non-dominant leg (control). Muscle mechanical properties were measured using Myoton's accelerometer at the midpoint of the rectus femoris muscle at five time points. In the BFR leg, an 80% arterial occlusion pressure was applied by a cuff for 5 min. No cuff was applied in the control leg. Femoral Myoton measurements were taken from both legs 2 and 4 min after the start of BRF as well as 30 s and 2 min after the end of the occlusion period. Results: The two-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant interaction effect for stiffness and frequency (p < 0.001; η2 > 0.67). The post hoc analysis showed that both stiffness and frequency increased during BFR compared with rest and then dropped to the resting levels post BFR period. Also, stiffness and frequency were higher than control only during the BFR period, and similar during rest and post BFR. Conclusion: These results indicate that the application of BFR at rest leads to significant changes in mechanical properties of the rectus femoris muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jarosz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dawid Gaweł
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Zając
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Papla M, Ewertowska P, Krzysztofik M. Acute Effects of Complex Conditioning Activities on Athletic Performance and Achilles Tendon Stiffness in Male Basketball Players. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:281-287. [PMID: 37293425 PMCID: PMC10244990 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare the effects of a bilateral conditioning activity consisting of back squats and drop jumps with a unilateral one consisting of split squats and depth jumps to lateral hop over sequentially performed countermovement jump (CMJ), modified t-agility test (MAT), and Achilles tendon stiffness. Twenty-six basketball players participated in this study and were randomly and equally assigned to one of two different test groups: bilateral (B - CA) or unilateral (U - CA) conditioning activity group. The B - CA group completed 2 sets of 4 repetitions of back squats at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), then 10 drop jumps, while the U - CA group performed 2 sets of 2 repetitions of split squats on each leg at 80%1RM, followed by 5 depth jumps to lateral hop on each leg as conditioning activity (CA) complexes. After a warm-up and 5 min before the CA the baseline Achilles tendon stiffness, CMJ, and MAT time measurement were performed. In the 6th min after the CA, all tests were re-tested in the same order. The two-way repeated measures mixed ANOVAs revealed that both B - CA and U - CA failed to produce significant improvements in CMJ and MAT performance. In addition, a significant increase in Achilles stiffness was demonstrated with both protocols (a main effect of time: p = 0.017; effect size = 0.47; medium). This study revealed that combining back squats and drop jumps, as well as split squats and depth jumps to a lateral hop, had no effect on subsequent CMJ and MAT performance in basketball players. Based on these results, it can be assumed that combinations of exercises, even if they have similar movement patterns, may cause excessive fatigue, resulting in no PAPE effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Papla
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Ewertowska
- Division of Clinical Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kalinowski R, Pisz A, Kolinger D, Wilk M, Stastny P, Krzysztofik M. Acute effects of combined isometric and plyometric conditioning activities on sports performance and tendon stiffness in female volleyball players. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1025839. [PMID: 36304585 PMCID: PMC9593028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1025839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral conditioning activities (CA; combined isometric and plyometric) on countermovement jump performance, modified t-agility test, Achilles tendon stiffness and skin surface temperature. Thirteen female semi-professional volleyball players performed two CAs in random order: 1) bilateral isometric half back squats followed by bilateral drop jumps (BI-CA); and 2) unilateral isometric half back squats followed by unilateral drop jumps (UNI-CA). To assess the effects of CAs, countermovement jump, modified t-agility test, Achilles tendon stiffness and skin surface temperature measurements were performed 5 min before and 6 min after the CA. Both CAs significantly increased thigh skin surface temperature from pre- to post-CA (BI-CA, p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 1.41 and UNI-CA, p = 0.001; ES = 1.39) but none of them influenced modified t-agility test time (interaction: p = 0.338, main effect of time: p = 0.121 and condition: p = 0.819). The countermovement jump height and modified reactive strength index significantly increased from pre-to post-CA during the BI-CA condition (p = 0.003, ES = 0.45, and p = 0.008, ES = 0.48) but not for UNI-CA (p = 0.061, ES = 0.18 and p = 0.065, ES = 0.26). No significant impact has been found for countermovement depth (interaction: p = 0.054, main effect of time: 0.097, and condition: p = 0.41) as well as for contraction time (interaction: p = 0.536, main effect of time: p = 0.224, and condition: p = 0.807). Moreover, stronger and weaker limb CMJ relative peak force significantly decreased from pre-to post-CA (p = 0.014, ES = −0.31, and p = 0.027, ES = −0.26; respectively) during UNI-CA condition but not for BI-CA (p = 0.096, ES = 0.23, and p = 1.41, ES = 0.18). The stronger and weaker limb Achilles tendon stiffness significantly increased from pre-to post-CA during the UNI-CA condition (p = 0.013, ES = 0.60 and p < 0.001, ES = 0.79; respectively) but not for BI-CA (p = 0.66; ES = 0.15 and p = 0.265; ES = 0.42). Furthermore, the post-CA stronger limb Achilles tendon stiffness during the UNI-CA was significantly higher than that noted during the BI-CA (p = 0.006, ES = 0.7). The present study showed that combined isometric and plyometric bilateral CA effectively improved the countermovement jump but did not enhance the t-agility test performance. These findings indicate that exercise combinations could effectively produce a post-activation performance enhancement effect but should replicate the following explosive task as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kalinowski
- Department of Exercise and Sport Performance, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Pisz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominik Kolinger
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michał Wilk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michał Krzysztofik,
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Acute Effects of Different Intensities during Bench Press Exercise on the Mechanical Properties of Triceps Brachii Long Head. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze acute changes in the muscle mechanical properties of the triceps brachii long head after bench press exercise performed at different external loads and with different intensities of effort along with power performance. Ten resistance-trained males (age: 27.7 ± 3.7 yr, body mass: 90.1 ± 17.1 kg, height: 184 ± 4 cm; experience in resistance training: 5.8 ± 2.6 yr, relative one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press: 1.23 ± 0.22 kg/body mass) performed two different testing conditions in a randomized order. During the experimental session, participants performed four successive sets of two repetitions of the bench press exercise at: 50, 70, and 90% 1RM, respectively, followed by a set at 70% 1RM performed until failure, with a 4 min rest interval between each set. Immediately before and after each set, muscle mechanical properties of the dominant limb triceps brachii long head were assessed via a Myoton device. To determine fatigue, peak and average barbell velocity were measured at 70% 1RM and at 70% 1RM until failure (only first and second repetition). In the control condition, only muscle mechanical properties at the same time points after the warm-up were assessed. The intraclass correlation coefficients indicated “poor” to “excellent” reliability for decrement, relaxation time, and creep. Therefore, these variables were excluded from further analysis. Three-way ANOVAs (2 groups × 2 times × 4 loads) indicated a statistically significant group × time interaction for muscle tone (p = 0.008). Post hoc tests revealed a statistically significant increase in muscle tone after 70% 1RM (p = 0.034; ES = 0.32) and 90% 1RM (p = 0.011; ES = 0.56). No significant changes were found for stiffness. The t-tests indicated a significant decrease in peak (p = 0.001; ES = 1.02) and average barbell velocity (p = 0.008; ES = 0.8) during the first two repetitions of a set at 70% 1RM until failure in comparison to the set at 70% 1RM. The results indicate that low-volume, high-load resistance exercise immediately increases muscle tone but not stiffness. Despite no significant changes in the mechanical properties of the muscle being registered simultaneously with a decrease in barbell velocity, there was a trend of increased muscle tone. Therefore, further studies with larger samples are required to verify whether muscle tone could be a sensitive marker to detect acute muscle fatigue.
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Hill M, Rosicka K, Wdowski M. Effect of sex and fatigue on quiet standing and dynamic balance and lower extremity muscle stiffness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:233-244. [PMID: 34669045 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are sex differences in fatigue-induced changes in quiet standing and dynamic balance and establish whether changes in muscle torque and resting stiffness may explain the potential sex differences in balance responses. METHODS Sixteen recreationally active men (age; 24.8 ± 5.0 years, height; 178.2 ± 5.6 cm, mass; 77.8 ± 13.2 kg) and 10 women (age; 21.0 ± 1.6 years, height; 167 ± 5.3 cm, mass; 61.3 ± 8.9 kg) were assessed for postural sway, Y balance test performance, isokinetic and isometric knee extensor torque and resting stiffness of the vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and Achilles tendon (AT) before and immediately after fatiguing exercise. The fatigue protocol consisted of five sets of 20-drop jumps. RESULTS The fatiguing exercise elicited similar magnitude (effects size; ES) reductions in muscle torque (men; ES = 0.45-0.80, women; ES = 0.46-0.52), dynamic balance (men; ES = 0.45-0.74, women; ES = 0.47-0.79) and resting VL stiffness (men; ES = 0.46, women; ES = 0.36) in men and women (all p < 0.05). For quiet standing balance, fatigue induced an increase in postural sway metrics (ES = 0.64-1.28) and reduction in resting GL stiffness (ES = 0.40) in men (both p < 0.001) but not women (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Fatiguing exercise, when producing a similar level of force reduction, induces similar magnitude reductions in dynamic postural control and resting VL stiffness in men and women. Distinct deteriorations in quiet standing balance in men but not women were accompanied by modifications in calf muscle stiffness following exercise-induced muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hill
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Whitefriars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK.
| | - K Rosicka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poznań University of Physical Education, Gorzów Wlkp., Poznań, Poland
| | - M Wdowski
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Whitefriars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
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Wu Z, Wang Y, Ye Z, Guan Y, Ye X, Chen Z, Li C, Chen G, Zhu Y, Du J, Chen G, Liu W, Xu X. Effects of Age and Sex on Properties of Lumbar Erector Spinae in Healthy People: Preliminary Results From a Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718068. [PMID: 34616306 PMCID: PMC8488426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The influences of age and sex on properties of lumbar erector spinae have not been previously studied. Changes in the performance of lumbar erector spinae properties associated with age represent a valuable indicator of risk for lower-back-related disease. Objective: To investigate the lumbar erector spinae properties with regard to age and sex to provide a reference dataset. Methods: We measured muscle tone and stiffness of the lumbar erector spinae (at the L3–4 level) in healthy men and women (50 young people, aged 20–30 years; 50 middle-aged people, aged 40–50 years; and 50 elderly people, aged 65–75 years) using a MyotonPRO device. Results: In general, there are significant differences in muscle tone and stiffness among young, middle-aged, and elderly participants, and there were significant differences in muscle tone and stiffness between men and women, and there was no interaction between age and sex. The muscle tone and stiffness of the elderly participants were significantly higher than those of the middle-aged and young participants (P < 0.01), and the muscle tone and stiffness of the middle-aged participants were significantly higher than those of the young participants (P < 0.01). In addition, the muscle tone and stiffness of men participants were significantly higher than that of women participants (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results indicate that muscle tone and stiffness of the lumbar erector spinae increase with age. The muscle tone and stiffness of the lumbar erector spinae in men are significantly higher than in women. The present study highlights the importance of considering age and sex differences when assessing muscle characteristics of healthy people or patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Wu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Ye
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxing Guan
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Ye
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Li
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Baishui Health Center, Qujing, China
| | - Jianping Du
- Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocai Chen
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Mapping of Back Muscle Stiffness along Spine during Standing and Lying in Young Adults: A Pilot Study on Spinal Stiffness Quantification with Ultrasound Imaging. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20247317. [PMID: 33352767 PMCID: PMC7766024 DOI: 10.3390/s20247317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stiffness in the spinal region is essential for maintaining spinal function, and might be related to multiple spinal musculoskeletal disorders. However, information on the distribution of muscle stiffness along the spine in different postures in large subject samples has been lacking, which merits further investigation. This study introduced a new protocol of measuring bilateral back muscle stiffness along the thoracic and lumbar spine (at T3, T7, T11, L1 & L4 levels) with both ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE) and tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) in the lying and standing postures of 64 healthy adults. Good inter-/intra-reliability existed in the SWE and TUPS back muscle stiffness measurements (ICC ≥ 0.731, p < 0.05). Back muscle stiffness at the L4 level was found to be the largest in the thoracic and lumbar regions (p < 0.05). The back muscle stiffness of males was significantly larger than that of females in both lying and standing postures (p < 0.03). SWE stiffness was found to be significantly larger in standing posture than lying among subjects (p < 0.001). It is reliable to apply SWE and TUPS to measure back muscle stiffness. The reported data on healthy young adults in this study may also serve as normative reference data for future studies on patients with scoliosis, low back pain, etc.
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Cè E, Longo S, Limonta E, Coratella G, Rampichini S, Esposito F. Peripheral fatigue: new mechanistic insights from recent technologies. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:17-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Faria A, Gabriel R, Moreira H, Camacho T, Brás R, Ditroilo M. The effect of sex and localised fatigue on triceps surae musculoarticular stiffness. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:483-490. [PMID: 29373081 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1427149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fatigue on musculoarticular stiffness (MAS) of the ankle joint across sexes. METHODS Twenty-seven males and 26 females participated in the study. After baseline assessment of MAS and related variables, localised fatigue was induced in triceps surae using the standing heel-rise test during which the subjects were instructed to lift and drop the heel at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. When subjects were unable to continue due to exhaustion the test was terminated and another MAS test was performed soon after. RESULTS Significant higher triceps surae MAS was found in men compared to women (p < .01). MAS decreased (p < .01) between pre- and post-fatigue on average from 18.0 to 17.0 KN m-1 and from 14.5 to 13.9 KN m-1 in men and women, respectively. Percentage changes revealed, however, that in relative terms the changes in all the variables evaluated were similar (p > .01) between sexes, with MAS less than 5%. CONCLUSION Despite the sex-related differences at baseline, fatigue seems to affect biomechanical properties of the ankle joint similarly in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélio Faria
- a Department of Sport Science - CIDESD , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Ronaldo Gabriel
- b Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health - CITAB , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- c Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health - CIDESD , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Tanya Camacho
- d Department of Physiology, Division Biokinetics and Sports Science , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Rui Brás
- a Department of Sport Science - CIDESD , University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- e School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Sapp RM, Spangenburg EE, Hagberg JM. Trends in aggressive play and refereeing among the top five European soccer leagues. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1346-1354. [PMID: 28895469 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1377911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Current trends suggest professional soccer is becoming less aggressive, with England often argued to have the most aggressive of the top European leagues. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in fouls and cards as indicators of aggressive play in the first divisions of England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain over the past decade. Number of fouls per match and per yellow card has decreased in all leagues since 2007/08, though attempted tackles per foul has not changed or has increased. A lack of substantial rule changes suggests players have become less aggressive in tackling as opposed to referees becoming more lenient. Total number of fouls and cards per match were consistently lower in the English Premier League, however attempted tackles per foul was higher. The data also demonstrate the notions of home advantage and potentially referee bias, since referees tended to call more fouls and award more cards to away teams. Lastly, number of attempted tackles per foul and yellow cards received exhibited the strongest correlations with final league position across the leagues. In conclusion, our data support that elite European soccer has become less aggressive and the English Premier League is the most aggressive league.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sapp
- a Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- b Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - James M Hagberg
- a Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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