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Borszcz FK, de Aguiar RA, Costa VP, Denadai BS, de Lucas RD. Agreement Between Maximal Lactate Steady State and Critical Power in Different Sports: A Systematic Review and Bayesian's Meta-Regression. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e320-e339. [PMID: 38781475 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic review and Bayesian's meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e320-e339, 2024-This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-regression to determine the level of agreement between maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP). Considered eligible to include were peer-reviewed and "gray literature" studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages in cyclical exercises. The last search was made on March 24, 2022, on PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The study's quality was evaluated using 4 criteria adapted from the COSMIN tool. The level of agreement was examined by 2 separate meta-regressions modeled under Bayesian's methods, the first for the mean differences and the second for the SD of differences. The searches yielded 455 studies, of which 36 studies were included. Quality scale revealed detailed methods and small samples used and that some studies lacked inclusion/exclusion criteria reporting. For MLSS and CP comparison, likely (i.e., coefficients with high probabilities) covariates that change the mean difference were the MLSS time frame and delta criteria of blood lactate concentration, MLSS number and duration of pauses, CP longest predictive trial duration, CP type of predictive trials, CP model fitting parameters, and exercise modality. Covariates for SD of the differences were the subject's maximal oxygen uptake, CP's longest predictive trial duration, and exercise modality. Traditional MLSS protocol and CP from 2- to 15-minute trials do not reflect equivalent exercise intensity levels; the proximity between MLSS and CP measures can differ depending on test design, and both MLSS and CP have inherent limitations. Therefore, comparisons between them should always consider these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Klitzke Borszcz
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; and
| | - Rafael Alves de Aguiar
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; and
| | - Vitor Pereira Costa
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; and
| | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Human Performance Laboratory, Paulista State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Pogliaghi S, Teso M, Ferrari L, Boone J, Murias JM, Colosio AL. Easy Prediction of the Maximal Lactate Steady-State in Young and Older Men and Women. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:68-74. [PMID: 36876184 PMCID: PMC9982529 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Maximal Lactate steady-state (MLSS) demarcates sustainable from unsustainable exercise and is used for evaluation/monitoring of exercise capacity. Still, its determination is physically challenging and time-consuming. This investigation aimed at validating a simple, submaximal approach based on blood lactate accumulation ([Δlactate]) at the third minute of cycling in a large cohort of men and women of different ages. 68 healthy adults (40♂, 28♀, 43 ± 17 years (range 19-78), VO2max 45 ± 11 ml-1·kg-1·min-1 (25-68)) performed 3-5 constant power output (PO) trials with a target duration of 30 minutes to determine the PO corresponding to MLSS. During each trial, [Δlactate] was calculated as the difference between the third minute and baseline. A multiple linear regression was computed to estimate MLSS based on [Δlactate], subjects` gender, age and the trial PO. The estimated MLSS was compared to the measured value by paired t-test, correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis. The group mean value of estimated MLSS was 180 ± 51 W, not significantly different from (p = 0.98) and highly correlated with (R2 = 0.89) measured MLSS (180 ± 54 watts). The bias between values was 0.17 watts, and imprecision 18.2 watts. This simple, submaximal, time- and cost-efficient test accurately and precisely predicts MLSS across different samples of healthy individuals (adjusted R2 = 0.88) and offers a practical and valid alternative to the traditional MLSS determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pogliaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Teso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Teso M, Colosio AL, Pogliaghi S. An Intensity-dependent Slow Component of HR Interferes with Accurate Exercise Implementation in Postmenopausal Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:655-664. [PMID: 34967799 PMCID: PMC8920010 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) targets are commonly used to administer exercise intensity in sport and clinical practice. However, as exercise protracts, a time-dependent dissociation between HR and metabolism can lead to a misprescription of the intensity ingredient of the exercise dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Teso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan2, Ghent, Belgium
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Goulding RP, Marwood S, Lei TH, Okushima D, Poole DC, Barstow TJ, Kondo N, Koga S. Dissociation between exercise intensity thresholds: mechanistic insights from supine exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R712-R722. [PMID: 34431402 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and breakpoint in deoxygenated [heme] [deoxy[heme]BP, assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] during ramp incremental exercise would occur at the same metabolic rate in the upright (U) and supine (S) body positions. Eleven healthy men completed ramp incremental exercise tests in U and S. Gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and time-resolved-NIRS was used to measure deoxy[heme] in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). RCP (S: 2.56 ± 0.39, U: 2.86 ± 0.40 L·min-1, P = 0.02) differed from deoxy[heme]BP in the VL in U (3.10 ± 0.44 L·min-1, P = 0.002), but was not different in S in the VL (2.70 ± 0.50 L·min-1, P = 0.15). RCP was not different from the deoxy[heme]BP in the RF for either position (S: 2.34 ± 0.48 L·min-1, U: 2.76 ± 0.53 L·min-1, P > 0.05). However, the deoxy[heme]BP differed between muscles in both positions (P < 0.05), and changes in deoxy[heme]BP did not relate to ΔRCP between positions (VL: r = 0.55, P = 0.080, RF: r = 0.26, P = 0.44). The deoxy[heme]BP was consistently preceded by a breakpoint in total[heme], and was, in turn, itself preceded by a breakpoint in muscle surface electromyography (EMG). RCP and the deoxy[heme]BP can be dissociated across muscles and different body positions and, therefore, do not represent the same underlying physiological phenomenon. The deoxy[heme]BP may, however, be mechanistically related to breakpoints in total[heme] and muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie P Goulding
- Laboratory for Myology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan.,Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon Marwood
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Okushima
- Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J Barstow
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Koga
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
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Colosio AL, Caen K, Bourgois JG, Boone J, Pogliaghi S. Metabolic instability vs fibre recruitment contribution to the [Formula: see text] slow component in different exercise intensity domains. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:873-882. [PMID: 34009455 PMCID: PMC8164613 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the steady-state phase of exercise to evaluate the relative contribution of metabolic instability (measured with NIRS and haematochemical markers) and muscle activation (measured with EMG) to the oxygen consumption (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}$$\end{document}V˙O2) slow component (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$\end{document}V˙O2sc) in different intensity domains. We hypothesized that (i) after the transient phase, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}$$\end{document}V˙O2, metabolic instability and muscle activation tend to increase differently over time depending on the relative exercise intensity and (ii) the increase in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$\end{document}V˙O2sc is explained by a combination of metabolic instability and muscle activation. Eight active men performed a constant work rate trial of 9 min in the moderate, heavy and severe intensity domains. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}$$\end{document}V˙O2, root mean square by EMG (RMS), deoxyhaemoglobin by NIRS ([HHb]) and haematic markers of metabolic stability (i.e. [La−], pH, HCO3−) were measured. The physiological responses in different intensity domains were compared by two-way RM-ANOVA. The relationships between the increases of [HHb] and RMS with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}$$\end{document}V˙O2 after the third min were compared by simple and multiple linear regressions. We found domain-dependent dynamics over time of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}$$\end{document}V˙O2, [HHb], RMS and the haematic markers of metabolic instability. After the transient phase, the rises in [HHb] and RMS showed medium–high correlations with the rise in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}$$\end{document}V˙O2 ([HHb] r = 0.68, p < 0.001; RMS r = 0.59, p = 0.002). Moreover, the multiple linear regression showed that both metabolic instability and muscle activation concurred to the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$\end{document}V˙O2sc (r = 0.75, [HHb] p = 0.005, RMS p = 0.042) with metabolic instability possibly having about threefold the relative weight compared to recruitment. Seventy-five percent of the dynamics of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{V}O_2}{_s}{_c}$$\end{document}V˙O2sc was explained by [HHb] and RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro L Colosio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Kevin Caen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan G Bourgois
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Pogliaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy.
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Keir DA, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM, Murias JM. Using ramp-incremental V̇O 2 responses for constant-intensity exercise selection. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:882-892. [PMID: 29570982 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite compelling evidence to the contrary, the view that oxygen uptake (V̇O2) increases linearly with exercise intensity (e.g., power output, speed) until reaching its maximum persists within the exercise physiology literature. This viewpoint implies that the V̇O2 response at any constant intensity is predictable from a ramp-incremental exercise test. However, the V̇O2 versus task-specific exercise intensity relationship constructed from ramp-incremental versus constant-intensity exercise are not equivalent preventing the use of V̇O2 responses from 1 domain to predict those of the other. Still, this "linear" translational framework continues to be adopted as the guiding principle for aerobic exercise prescription and there remains in the sport science literature a lack of understanding of how to interpret V̇O2 responses to ramp-incremental exercise and how to use those data to assign task-specific constant-intensity exercise. The objectives of this paper are to (i) review the factors that disassociate the V̇O2 versus exercise intensity relationship between ramp-incremental and constant-intensity exercise paradigms; (ii) identify when it is appropriate (or not) to use ramp V̇O2 responses to accurately assign constant-intensity exercise; and (iii) illustrate the technical and theoretical challenges with prescribing constant-intensity exercise solely on information acquired from ramp-incremental tests. Actual V̇O2 data collected during cycling exercise and V̇O2 kinetics modelling are presented to exemplify these concepts. Possible solutions to overcome these challenges are also presented to inform on appropriate intensity selection for individual-specific aerobic exercise prescription in both research and practical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Keir
- a University Health Network, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,b Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.,c School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Donald H Paterson
- b Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.,c School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John M Kowalchuk
- b Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.,c School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.,d Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- e Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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