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Liu Y, Wadey CA, Barker AR, Williams CA. Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:348. [PMID: 38308213 PMCID: PMC10835840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding the functioning of the intervention processes, which is of paramount importance for interpreting and translating the intervention effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the extent to which process evaluation is measured in school-based HIIT interventions and to explore the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, muscular strength, and blood pressure. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in SPORT Discus (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (Ovid) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The extent to which process evaluation is measured was narratively reported, alongside with the guidance of process evaluation of complex interventions by UK Medical Research Council. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to determine the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics to the intervention outcomes. RESULTS The literature search identified 77 studies reporting on 45 school-based HIIT interventions. In total, five interventions reported process evaluation in a section or in a separate study, and only one intervention adopted a process evaluation framework. On average, 6 out of 12 process evaluation measures were reported in all interventions. Subgroup analyses did not indicate any beneficial treatment effects for studies with process evaluation group, whereas all pooled data and studies without process evaluation group showed significant improvement for CRF and body composition. CONCLUSION Process evaluation is frequently omitted in the literature of school-based HIIT in children and adolescents. Although reporting of process evaluation measures may not directly associate with better intervention outcomes, it allows accurate interpretation of intervention outcomes, thereby enhancing the generalisability and dissemination of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Curtis A Wadey
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Craig A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK.
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Schiwe D, Vendrusculo FM, Becker NA, Donadio MVF. Impact of asthma on heart rate variability in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1310-1321. [PMID: 36719098 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Asthma is associated with abnormal autonomic function, and heart rate variability is considered a simple, accurate, and noninvasive tool for monitoring the autonomic system. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of asthma on heart rate variability in children and adolescents. METHODS This systematic review of observational studies and clinical trials evaluated heart rate variability in children and adolescents with asthma compared to healthy controls. The data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using Agency for Health Care Research and Quality indicators. Random effects meta-analysis was performed for each outcome, with the effect size reported as standardized mean difference. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included, of which five were classified as having high methodological quality. In the meta-analysis, long-term recording of the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal sinus R-R intervals differed significantly between groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.46 [95% confidence interval {CI}: -0.79 to -0.14], p < 0.005, I2 = 0%). Moreover, R-R intervals (long-term) were significantly shorter in asthmatic children than controls (SMD = -0.47 [95% CI: -0.68 to -0.25], p < 0.0001, I2 = 0). There were no significant differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals that exceed 50 ms (long-term) and the root mean square of successive differences between normal sinus R-R intervals (short-term). Regarding frequency-domain variables, long-term low frequency measurements differed significantly between groups (SMD = -0.34 [95% CI: -0.58 to -0.10], p < 0.005, I2 = 15%). There were no differences in high frequency measurements or in the ratio between low/high frequency powers (short- or long-term) between groups. CONCLUSION The results confirm the impact of asthma on heart rate variability in children and adolescents, indicating lower heart rate variability and sympathetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Schiwe
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vendrusculo
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Acosta Becker
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Ali H, Brooks C, Tzeng YC, Crane J, Beasley R, Gibson P, Pattemore P, Stanley T, Pearce N, Douwes J. Heart rate variability as a marker of autonomic nervous system activity in young people with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma. J Asthma 2023; 60:534-542. [PMID: 35468039 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may play a role in asthma, but it is unclear whether this is associated with specific pathophysiology. This study assessed ANS activity by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) in eosinophilic (EA) and non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) and people without asthma. METHODS HRV, combined hypertonic saline challenge/sputum induction, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), skin prick tests to measure atopy, and spirometry tests were conducted in teenagers and young adults (14-21 years) with (n = 96) and without (n = 72) generally well-controlled asthma. HRV parameters associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS branches were analyzed. EA and NEA were defined using a 2.5% sputum eosinophil cut-point. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) was defined as ≥15% reduction in FEV1 following saline challenge. RESULTS HRV parameters did not differ between asthmatics and non-asthmatics or EA and NEA. They were also not associated with markers of inflammation, lung function or atopy. However, increased absolute low frequency (LFµs2; representing increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity) was found in asthmatics who used β-agonist medication compared to those who did not (median: 1611, IQR 892-3036 vs 754, 565-1592; p < 0.05) and increased normalized low frequency (LF nu) was found in those with AHR compared to without AHR (64, 48-71 vs 53, 43-66; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION ANS activity (as measured using HRV analysis) is not associated with pathophysiology or inflammatory phenotype in young asthmatics with generally well-controlled asthma. However, enhanced SNS activity can be detected in asthmatics with AHR or who use β-agonist medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ali
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Collin Brooks
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Chieh Tzeng
- Centre for Translational Physiology, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Julian Crane
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip Pattemore
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Thorsten Stanley
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pearce
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Fantin A, Patruno V, Sartori G, Crisafulli E. Autonomic nervous system alterations in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma: do not forget airflow obstruction! A lesson from COPD. J Asthma 2022; 60:1054-1055. [PMID: 35972058 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fantin
- Department of Pulmonology, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patruno
- Department of Pulmonology, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Sartori
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ernesto Crisafulli
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Abbariki F, Roy M, Labrecque L, Drapeau A, Imhoff S, Smirl JD, Brassard P. Influence of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion on the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in young endurance-trained men. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15384. [PMID: 35822439 PMCID: PMC9277516 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported subtle dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) alterations following 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to exhaustion using transfer function analysis (TFA) on forced mean arterial pressure (MAP) oscillations in young endurance-trained men. However, accumulating evidence suggests the cerebrovasculature better buffers cerebral blood flow changes when MAP acutely increases compared to when MAP acutely decreases. Whether HIIT affects the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in these athletes is unknown. In 18 endurance-trained men (age: 27 ± 6 years, VO2 max: 55.5 ± 4.7 ml·kg-1 ·min-1 ), we evaluated the impact of 6 weeks of HIIT to exhaustion on dCA directionality using induced MAP oscillations during 5-min 0.05 and 0.10 Hz repeated squat-stands. We calculated time-adjusted changes in middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAv) per change in MAP (ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT ) for each squat transition. Then, we compared averaged ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT during MAP increases and decreases. Before HIIT, ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT was comparable between MAP increases and decreases during 0.05 Hz repeated squat-stands (p = 0.518). During 0.10 Hz repeated squat-stands, ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT was lower during MAP increases versus decreases (0.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.99 ± 0.23 cm·s-1 ·mmHg-1 , p = 0.030). Following HIIT, ΔMCAvT /ΔMAPT was superior during MAP increases over decreases during 0.05 Hz repeated squat-stands (0.97 ± 0.38 vs. 0.77 ± 0.35 cm·s-1 ·mmHg-1 , p = 0.002). During 0.10 Hz repeated squat-stands, dCA directional sensitivity disappeared (p = 0.359). These results suggest the potential for HIIT to influence the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in young endurance-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abbariki
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Marc‐Antoine Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Lawrence Labrecque
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Audrey Drapeau
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Sarah Imhoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Integrated Concussion Research ProgramUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Concussion Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec CityQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébec CityQuébecCanada
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Espinosa dos Santos B, Macedo LCDSAD, Adomaitis APG, Castro AMMD, Teixeira de Almeida J, Moraes dos Santos ML, Foerster Merey LS. Impacts of aerobic exercise on children with asthma diagnosis: integrative review. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2022. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v12i1.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the impacts of aerobic exercise on the health of children with asthma, seeking to know protocols of rehabilitation programs and their impacts. Methods: Clinical trials published from 2010 to 2020 were selected, filtered by the descriptors: 'asthma', 'exercise' or 'physical training', 'children' OR 'adolescents' AND 'quality of life'. Results: Nineteen articles were included; the duration of the programs ranged from 4 to 24 weeks, 2 to 6 times/week, with the sessions varying from 30 min to 1h10min and intensity from 40% to 100% of the Maximum Heart Rate. The studies evaluated strength, lung capacity and function, inflammatory mediators, quality of life, and asthma control. Aerobic interventions made it possible to improve cardiorespiratory capacity, intracellular action of antioxidants, quality of life, and disease control. Significant results were found in protocols with playful exercises performed for 60 minutes, three times a week, and at least 12 weeks. Conclusion: The ease of reproducing the protocols can provide greater coverage of care and rehabilitation, which in the long term can help to reduce the hospitalization rate, cost, and hospital demand for severe exacerbations.
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Estévez-González AJ, Pérez-Ruiz M, Cobo-Vicente F, Donadio MVF, Larumbe-Zabala E. Effects of Physical Training on Heart Rate Variability in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:679-686. [PMID: 35108729 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of physical training programs on heart rate variability, as a measure of sympathovagal balance, in children and adolescents with chronic diseases. Relevant articles were systematically searched in Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase scientific databases. We performed a meta-analysis using an inverse variance heterogeneity model. Effect size calculation was based on the standardized mean differences between pre- and post-intervention assessments, assuring at least a single-group repeated-measures model for each extracted group. Ten studies (252 participants) were included, seven in obese subjects, two in type-1 diabetes, and one in cerebral palsy. When time-domain variables were analyzed, exercise was found to moderately increase RMSSD (SMD=0.478; 95%CI: 0.227 to 0.729; p<0.001), SDNN (SMD=0.367; 95%CI: 0.139 to 0.595; p=0.002) and pNN50 (SMD=0.817; 95%CI: 0.139 to 0.595; p=0.002). As for frequency-domain variables, exercise presented a moderate increasing effect on HF (SMD=0.512; 95%CI: 0.240 to 0.783; p<0.001), a negligible effect for LF (SMD=0.077; 95%CI: -0.259 to 0.412; p<0.001) and a non-significant reduction for LF/HF (SMD=-0.519; 95%CI: -1.162 to 0.124; p=0.114). In conclusion, physical training programs are able to modulate heart rate variability in children and adolescents with chronic diseases, affecting mainly the time-domain variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo-Vicente
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Visiting Professor (2019-2020), Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eneko Larumbe-Zabala
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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Ertürk G, Günday Ç, Evrendilek H, Sağır K, Aslan GK. Effects of high intensity interval training and sprint interval training in patients with asthma: a systematic review. J Asthma 2021; 59:2292-2304. [PMID: 34706200 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1999470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to review the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT)/sprint interval training (SIT) on asthma symptoms, cardiorespiratory functions, and other variables among asthmatic patients. DATA SOURCES Randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 and January 2021 were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. STUDY SELECTIONS Following pre-specified inclusion criteria, this review included 7 randomized controlled studies that compare HIIT/SIT as an intervention with any other intervention and/or control group. RESULTS Of the included studies only four reported the chronic phase effects of the HIIT/SIT protocols. HIIT and SIT protocols applied in studies differ. HIIT improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in the acute phase and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in the chronic phase in the asthmatic patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our systematic review is the first study evaluating the effects of HIIT/SIT protocols on asthma patients. HIIT/SIT protocols have beneficial effects on asthma patients. In order to better understand the results of these training procedures, studies that will be designed with high methodology are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ertürk
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Insitute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiçek Günday
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Insitute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Bahçeşehir University, Turkey
| | - Halenur Evrendilek
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Insitute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Sağır
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Insitute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökşen Kuran Aslan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Freitas Coelho P, Barbosa RRB, dos Santos Lugao R, Liberato FMG, Vidal PR, de Cássia Nunes Cruz Melotti R, Donadio MVF. Heart rate variability, exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis. Hong Kong Physiother J 2021; 42:5-14. [PMID: 35782696 PMCID: PMC9244599 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702522500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autonomic nervous system balance is altered in cystic fibrosis (CF), although its influence on physical fitness has been poorly explored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association of heart rate variability (HRV) with exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate CF. Methods: A cross-sectional study including individuals with CF aged 6–18 years, not under CFTR modulator therapy, was performed. Sociodemographic (age, sex) and clinical information (airway colonization, pancreatic insufficiency, and genotyping) were collected. In addition, exercise capacity (modified shuttle test — MST), lung function (spirometry), body composition (bioimpedance), levels of daily physical activity (5-day accelerometer), and HRV (both at rest and during the MST) were evaluated. Results: 30 individuals (20 females) aged [Formula: see text] years, mean FEV[Formula: see text]%, were included. A sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) increase ([Formula: see text]) during the MST was shown, indicating a predominance of sympathetic modulation. The standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) and the high frequency (HF) index during exercise correlated significantly with FEV1 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; respectively). MST distance also correlated positively and significantly with SDNN ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), square root of the mean of the sums of squares of frequencies between RR intervals greater than 50[Formula: see text]ms — RMSSD ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), low frequency — LF ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), HF ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), dispersion of points perpendicular to the short-term identity line — SD1 ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and negatively with LF/HF ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Regarding daily physical activity, SDNN at rest ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and exercise ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) showed positive correlations with time in moderate-to-vigorous activities. When normalizing the SDNN and classifying individuals as normal or altered, those presenting altered SDNN showed poorest FEV1 ([Formula: see text]) and lower exercise capacity ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: HRV correlates with lung function, exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with CF. The study highlights the influence of CF on autonomic function and suggests HRV measurement as an easy tool to be used in clinical settings as an alternative marker to monitor CF individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitiguara de Freitas Coelho
- Escola Superior de Ciˆencias da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, Vitória – EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo dos Santos Lugao
- Escola Superior de Ciˆencias da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, Vitória – EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmela Reis Vidal
- Escola Superior de Ciˆencias da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de, Vitória – EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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10
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Estévez-González AJ, Donadio MVF, Cobo-Vicente F, Fernández-Luna Á, Sanz-Santiago V, Villa Asensi JR, Iturriaga Ramirez T, Fernández-Del-Valle M, Diez-Vega I, Larumbe-Zabala E, Pérez-Ruiz M. Effects of a Short-Term Resistance-Training Program on Heart Rate Variability in Children With Cystic Fibrosis-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:652029. [PMID: 33859572 PMCID: PMC8042150 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.652029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and exercise in healthy children modulates the interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a short-term resistance exercise program on heart rate variability (HRV) in children and adolescents with CF. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in children diagnosed with CF aged 6–18 years. Individuals were divided into two groups: control (CON) and resistance-training (EX). Individuals in the EX group completed an individualized guided resistance program (5-RM—60–80%) for 8 weeks (3 sessions of 60 min/week). Upper and lower limbs exercises (seated bench press, seated lateral row, and leg press) were used. HRV was measured using a Suunto watch with subjects in lying position. Results: Nineteen subjects (13 boys) were included (CON = 11; and EX = 8). Mean age was 12.2 ± 3.3, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) z-score was 1.72 ± 1.54 and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) 42.7 ± 7.4 mL.Kg–1.min–1. Exercise induced significant changes in the frequency-domain variables, including a decrease in LF power (p = 0.001, d = 0.98) and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.020, d = 0.92), and an increase in HF power (p = 0.001, d = −0.97), compared to the CON group. No significant changes were found for time-domain variables, although increases with a moderate effect size were seen for SDNN (p = 0.152, d = −0.41) and RMSSD (p = 0.059, d = −0.49) compared to the CON group. Conclusion: A short-term resistance exercise-training program was able to modulate HRV in children and adolescents with CF presenting mild to moderate lung function impairment and good physical condition. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04293926.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tamara Iturriaga Ramirez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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