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Kuwik P, Florkiewicz E, Benedict T, Mason J, Morris J, Crowell M. Assessing the Relationship of Psychological Sport Readiness, Single-leg Vertical Jump, and Non-Sagittal Single-Leg Hops to Quadriceps Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:942-955. [PMID: 39100937 PMCID: PMC11297365 DOI: 10.26603/001c.121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limitations exist with current ACLR functional testing assessments that may be mitigated by including single-leg multi-directional testing. Hypothesis/Purpose To compare Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) scores, limb symmetry index (LSI) of the single-leg vertical jump (SLVJ), single-leg medial rotation hop (SLMRH), single-leg lateral hop (SLLH), and isokinetic quadriceps strength between participants with an ACLR and healthy controls and assess predictors of quadriceps strength asymmetry. It was hypothesized that ACL-RSI scores and LSIs for all tests would differ between ACLR and healthy control groups and within the ACLR group a strong correlation would exist between all outcome measures and quadriceps strength. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study. Methods Twenty-six participants with an ACLR (median 13 months after surgery) and twenty-six matched healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Performance was assessed via SLVJ, SLMRH, SLLH, and isokinetic quadriceps strength. Between-group comparisons were made with independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U test. Within the ACLR group, bivariate correlation and multivariate regression analysis were performed to assess the relationship between the outcome measures and quadriceps strength asymmetry. Results Significant between-limb differences were only identified in the ACLR group (p< 0.05): SLVJ LSI: 88.5%, SLMRH LSI: 93.6%, SLLH LSI: 92.7%, quadriceps strength LSI 80.9% - 83.9%, which were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the healthy control group. Within the ACLR group, a moderate-strong significant (p < 0.05) correlations existed with quadriceps strength and SLVJ (r=0.44-0.65), SLMRH (r =0.43-0.83), and SLLH (r=0.54-0.63); while ACL-RSI had a weak non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation with quadriceps strength (r= 0.12-0.30). Conclusion Single-leg multidirectional test LSIs were less in ACLR participants than matched healthy controls and all were directly related to quadriceps strength. Psychological readiness to return to sport was not related to quadriceps strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kuwik
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - Erin Florkiewicz
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
- Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences ProgramRocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah
| | - Timothy Benedict
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - John Mason
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - Jamie Morris
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - Michael Crowell
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
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Möck S, Wirth K. Bilateral differences of isokinetic knee extensor strength are velocity- and task-dependent. Sports Biomech 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38329274 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2315260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance of isokinetic bilateral strength differences of the knee extensors in single- and multi-joint movement tasks. One hundred and nineteen male athletes performed isokinetic legpresses at 0.1 m/s and 0.7 m/s as well as isokinetic knee extensions at 60°/s and 180°/s. Bilateral differences and directed bilateral differences (sign indicating the direction of the difference) were calculated for all measurements. Bland-Altman-Plots were plotted to investigate if the different conditions detect bilateral differences of the same magnitude. Additionally, concordance correlations for the directed bilateral differences of the different tests were calculated to investigate magnitude and direction. The results indicate poor to fair concordance between the bilateral differences in the legpress conditions as well as between single- and multi-joint tasks. The single-joint knee extensions displayed a moderate level of agreement. Bilateral strength differences in isokinetic movement tasks are dependent on movement velocity and the nature of the task (single- or multi-joint movement) in the lower extremities. Both the value and the direction of the strength differences show no clear pattern across the investigated measurements and cannot be used interchangeably. Therefore, to assess interlimb strength balance, multiple different tests should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Möck
- Department of Exercise Science, Olympic Training and Testing Center of Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Wirth
- Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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Zhang L, Zhao L, Yan Y. A hybrid neural network-based intelligent body posture estimation system in sports scenes. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:1017-1037. [PMID: 38303452 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Body posture estimation has been a hot branch in the field of computer vision. This work focuses on one of its typical applications: recognition of various body postures in sports scenes. Existing technical methods were mostly established on the basis of convolution neural network (CNN) structures, due to their strong visual information sensing ability. However, sports scenes are highly dynamic, and many valuable contextual features can be extracted from multimedia frame sequences. To handle the current challenge, this paper proposes a hybrid neural network-based intelligent body posture estimation system for sports scenes. Specifically, a CNN unit and a long short-term memory (LSTM) unit are employed as the backbone network in order to extract key-point information and temporal information from video frames, respectively. Then, a semi-supervised learning-based computing framework is developed to output estimation results. It can make training procedures using limited labeled samples. Finally, through extensive experiments, it is proved that the proposed body posture estimation method in this paper can achieve proper estimation effect in real-world frame samples of sports scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yongtao Yan
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K, Batatolis C, Ioakimidis P. Sport-Related Effect on Knee Strength Profile during Puberty: Basketball vs. Soccer. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:57. [PMID: 37218853 PMCID: PMC10204367 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined and compared the isokinetic peak torque and the reciprocal ratios of the knee joint between young basketball and soccer players. An amount of 100 soccer and 100 basketball players took part in this study and were separated into five equal groups (n = 20), according to their chronological age (12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 years old). The absolute concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles (at 60°/s, 180°/s) were assessed using a Cybex Norm dynamometer, and the relative peak torque (per unit of body mass), as well as the conventional (CON/CON; ECC/ECC) and functional (CON/ECC; ECC/CON) ratios, were calculated. Data analysis indicated that the basketball players had higher absolute peak torque values than the soccer players throughout their developmental ages (p < 0.05). When the isokinetic peak torque values were normalized relative to body mass, no differences were observed between basketball and soccer players in any age group (p > 0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in conventional and functional ratios between soccer and basketball players (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it appears that, during developmental ages (12-16 years old), the isokinetic strength profile (independent of body mass affecting absolute values) of knee extensor and flexor muscles develops similarly in basketball and soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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Li Z, Xu J, Ou S. ISOKINETIC KNEEL MUSCLE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS IN HIGH JUMP ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Vertical jump is inherent to the practice of high jump and demands great capacity of force generation and work of the knee muscles, especially the quadriceps muscle. Due to this demand, imbalances between the extensor and flexor knee muscles may be present, leading to an overload of the musculotendinous structures of the knee joint. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the characteristics of isokinetic muscle strength in the knee joint of these athletes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the biomechanical properties of the knee flexor and extensor muscles in high jump athletes. Methods: Ten high jumpers volunteered for the experiment. They were divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups performed basic strength training. The experimental group added isokinetic knee muscle training based on this training. Statistical analyses were performed on the training data of the two groups of athletes using relevant mathematical statistics. Results: The high jump consists of four phases being respectively the approach run, the jump itself (impulsion, elevation, transposition), and the fall. The strength of the ankle joint dorsiflexion and plantar flexors was significantly increased in the experimental group of athletes. In contrast, the strength of the plantar flexors in the control group was significantly increased. Statistical differences were found between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The isokinetic knee joint strength training mode can improve the leg support strength of jumpers. This paper suggests that high jump athletes can further adopt this lower limb strength training method. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiwei Ou
- FuJian University of Technology, China
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Yang Z, Li B, Li H, Guan L. ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF LOWER LIMB JOINTS IN LONG JUMPERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Joint strength of the lower limbs plays a decisive role in the competitive ability of long jumpers. Special strength training based on science and targeted at the strength of the lower limb joints is an essential topic for long jumpers. Objective: To analyze isokinetic muscle strength characteristics of lower limb joints in long jumpers. Methods: Voluntary jumpers were submitted to isokinetic concentric contraction tests of the lower limbs and hip joints. We also analyzed the effect of strength training on lower limb joint injury. Results: The knee muscles of the athletes have reduced eccentric contractility. The ankle of the athlete has the most vulnerable joint to injuries in the sport. Conclusion: The explosive force and eccentric contractility of long jumpers’ lower limb extensor muscles have the most significant impact on joint thrust and extension speed. Athletes need muscle strength training to develop isokinetic muscle strength. This can effectively prevent injury to lower extremity joint movements. The research findings of this paper can provide a specific theoretical basis for formulating scientific training for long jumpers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Yang
- Zhoukou Normal University, China; Jeonbuk National University, Korea
| | - Bairan Li
- Jeonbuk National University, Korea; Putian University, China
| | - Han Li
- Jeonbuk National University, Korea; Huaiyin Normal University, China
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Li Z. ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH TESTING AND TECHNOLOGY OF TRAINING IN SPORTS MEDICINE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Current research in sports medicine on muscles adjacent to joints in patients with joint instability focuses on functional instability. However, few studies on muscle strength in the muscles adjacent to the joints in typical patients. Objective This study tests the changes in isokinetic muscle strength in flexion-extension muscle groups in common subjects’ knees and elbows. Methods Randomly selected ordinary citizens to perform isokinetic muscle strength testing with grip strength, explosive pedaling force, and elbow and knee joint movement speeds of 60°/s. Results The single work of the normal knee flexors and extensors decreases with test speed at different movement speeds. Conclusion The grip strength test and isokinetic pedaling test can be used as simple muscle strength tests for fitness monitoring. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
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Relationship between Asymmetries Measured on Different Levels in Elite Basketball Players. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13081436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association of magnitude and agreement in direction between asymmetries measured on single-joint (hip and trunk), complex movement (jumping), and skill (change of direction (CoD)) levels. The study sample comprised 43 junior- and senior-level (age = 20.5 ± 6.0 years; height = 194.5 ± 7.2 cm; body mass = 86.8 ± 10.1 kg) elite male basketball players. Both limbs/sides were tested in hip and trunk isometric strength; passive range of motion (RoM); unilateral, horizontal, and vertical jumping; and CoD tests, from which asymmetry indexes were calculated. The associations between asymmetry magnitudes were calculated with Spearman’s ρ correlation coefficient. The agreement between the direction of asymmetries on different levels was calculated with Cohen’’s Kappa (κ) coefficient. The average magnitude of asymmetry varied substantially (2.9–40.3%). Most associations between asymmetry magnitudes measured on different levels were small and statistically non-significant, with a few exceptions of moderate and large associations. Asymmetry in single-leg countermovement jump parameters was strongly associated with hip abduction maximal strength (ρ = 0.58 and 0.50, p < 0.01). Agreement between asymmetry directions was slight to fair, with a few moderate exceptions. Results indicate that multiple tests are needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of athletes’ asymmetries and that universal thresholds and golden standard tests for return to play should be reconsidered and reinvestigated.
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Šarabon N, Kozinc Ž, Ramos AG, Knežević OM, Čoh M, Mirkov DM. Reliability of Sprint Force-Velocity-Power Profiles Obtained with KiSprint System. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:357-364. [PMID: 34211329 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the within- and between-session reliability of the KiSprint system for determining force-velocity-power (FVP) profiling during sprint running. Thirty (23 males, 7 females; 18.7 ± 2.6 years;) young high-level sprinters performed maximal effort sprints in two sessions separated by one week. Split times (5, 10, 20 and 30 m), which were recorded with a laser distance meter (a component of the KiSprint system), were used to determine the horizontal FVP profile using the Samozino's field-based method. This method assesses the FVP relationships through estimates of the step-averaged ground reaction forces in sagittal plane during sprint acceleration using only anthropometric and spatiotemporal (split times) data. We also calculated the maximal theoretical power, force and velocity capabilities and the slope of the FV relationship, the maximal ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RF), and the decrease in the RF (DRF). Overall, the results showed moderate or good to excellent within- and between-session reliability for all variables (ICC > 0.75; CV < 10 %), with the exception of FV slope and DRF that showed low relative reliability (ICC = 0.47-0.48 within session, 0.31-0.33 between-session) and unacceptable between-session absolute reliability values (CV = 10.9-11.1 %). Future studies are needed to optimize the protocol in order to maximize the reliability of the FVP variables, especially when practitioners are interested in the FV slope and DRF. In summary, our results question the utility of the sprint-based FVP profiling for individualized training prescription, since the reliability of the FV slope and D RF variables is highly questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Slovenia.,University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Slovenia.,InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department, Slovenia.,S2P, Science to practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Slovenia.,University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Slovenia
| | - Amador Garcia Ramos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Milan Čoh
- Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan M Mirkov
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Barrera-Domínguez FJ, Carmona-Gómez A, Tornero-Quiñones I, Sáez-Padilla J, Sierra-Robles Á, Molina-López J. Influence of Dynamic Balance on Jumping-Based Asymmetries in Team Sport: A between-Sports Comparison in Basketball and Handball Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041866. [PMID: 33672951 PMCID: PMC7917681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to analyze mobility, dynamic balance and lower-limb strength and the prevalence of asymmetry according to the type of sport and assess the association between inter-limb asymmetry and sports performance. A total of 23 basketball and 25 handball players performed a test battery consisting of functional movements and a jump test. Inter-limb asymmetry was calculated using a standard percentage difference equation. A between-groups comparison analysis was carried out, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish a relationship between asymmetries and physical performance. The results found athletes in different sports to exhibit different performance in functional movements and the jump test, but no bilateral asymmetries. The reactive strength index (RSI) and stiffness asymmetries were significantly associated with the anterior reach Y-balance test (YBT) (r = −0.412; p < 0.01 and r = −0.359; p < 0.05, respectively), and the unilateral triple hop test (THTU) was negatively correlated to anterior reach, posterior lateral reach YBT and YBT composite YBT (r = −0.341 to −0.377; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the asymmetries exhibited important dispersion not dependent upon the type of sport but on each individual and the applied test. In addition, asymmetry in anterior direction YBT showed the strongest association to the rest of the sports performance variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Barrera-Domínguez
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (A.C.-G.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Antonio Carmona-Gómez
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (A.C.-G.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Inmaculada Tornero-Quiñones
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (A.C.-G.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Jesús Sáez-Padilla
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (A.C.-G.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Ángela Sierra-Robles
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (A.C.-G.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (A.C.-G.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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