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Li LX, Lu JK, Li BJ, Gao Q, He CQ, Zhang SH, Zhao YJ, He S, Wen Q. The optimum parameters and neuroimaging mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to post-stroke cognitive impairment, a protocol of an orthogonally-designed randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271283. [PMID: 35862342 PMCID: PMC9302729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been used in cognition impairment due to various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its optimum parameters and the neuroimaging mechanism are still of uncertainty. In order to simulate a study setting as close to real world as possible, the present study introduces a new orthogonally-designed protocol, consisting of the rTMS intervention with four key parameters (stimulating site, frequency, intensity and pulse number) and three different levels in each one, and aims to investigate the optimum parameters and the brain activity and connectivity in default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), central executive network (CEN) following rTMS intervention to post-stroke cognition impairment (PSCI). Methods A single-center, orthogonally-designed, triple-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted and forty-five PSCI patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of nine active rTMS groups based on four rTMS paraments: stimulating site, frequency, intensity and pulse number. Neuropsychological, activities of daily living, quality of life and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evaluations were be performed pre-, post- and 3 months after rTMS. Discussion This study evaluates the optimum parameters of rTMS for patients with post-stroke cognition impairment and explores the alteration of neural function in DMN, DAN, CEN brain network. These results would facilitate the standardized application of rTMS in cognition impairment rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Kang Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bao-Jin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Jin Zhao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Paul S, Baca E, Fischer-Baum S. Cerebellar contributions to orthographic working memory: A single case cognitive neuropsychological investigation. Neuropsychologia 2022; 171:108242. [PMID: 35489614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Single case cognitive neuropsychological investigations involve the precise characterization of cognitive impairment at the level of an individual participant. This deep data precision affords a more fine-grained understanding of the cognitive and neural underpinnings of complex tasks, and continues to provide unique insights that inform theory in cognitive neuroscience. Here, we present a single case study of an individual, F.R., who suffered a stroke that led to chronic reading and writing problems that include an impairment to the orthographic working memory system proposed to be involved in both written language production and comprehension. Individuals who have been previously reported with a similar cognitive impairment commonly have left parietal lesions. However, F.R.'s orthographic working memory deficit resulted from damage to the right cerebellum, specifically to a region that is both structurally and functionally connected to the left parietal lobe and has been identified as part of the spelling network in previous meta-analyses of writing fMRI studies. From this lesion-symptom association, we argue that orthographic working memory is subserved by a cortical-cerebellar circuit, with damage at any point in the circuit resulting in an impairment to this function. Such a conclusion is warranted by observations from this single case approach, and we argue that these observations would likely have been missed if F.R. had been included in a larger, shallower group study. In addition to elucidating our understanding of the neural basis of spelling, this case study demonstrates the value that single case neuropsychology can continue to bring to cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Paul
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Baca
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simon Fischer-Baum
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kühn CD, Wilms IL, Dalrymple KA, Gerlach C, Starrfelt R. Face recognition in beginning readers: Investigating the potential relationship between reading and face recognition during the first year of school. VISUAL COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2021.1884151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D. Kühn
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inge L. Wilms
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten A. Dalrymple
- Institute of Child Development, institution>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christian Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Randi Starrfelt
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mahon BZ, Miozzo M, Pilcher WH. Direct electrical stimulation mapping of cognitive functions in the human brain. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 36:97-102. [PMID: 31514643 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1630375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation (DES) is a well-established clinical tool for mapping cognitive functions while patients are undergoing awake neurosurgery or invasive long-term monitoring to identify epileptogenic tissue. Despite the proliferation of a range of invasive and noninvasive methods for mapping sensory, motor and cognitive processes in the human brain, DES remains the clinical gold standard for establishing the margins of brain tissue that can be safely removed while avoiding long-term neurological deficits. In parallel, and principally over the last two decades, DES has emerged as a powerful scientific tool for testing hypotheses of brain organization and mechanistic hypotheses of cognitive function. DES can cause transient "lesions" and thus can support causal inferences about the necessity of stimulated brain regions for specific functions, as well as the separability of sensory, motor and cognitive processes. This Special Issue of Cognitive Neuropsychology emphasizes the use of DES as a research tool to advance understanding of normal brain organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Michele Miozzo
- Department of Psychology, The New School , New York , NY , USA
| | - Webster H Pilcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
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Mahon BZ, Costa A. Theoretical and methodological issues for twenty-first century cognitive neuropsychology. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 34:395-396. [PMID: 29457558 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1426606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,b Department of Neurosurgery , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA.,c Department of Neurology , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Albert Costa
- d Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC) , Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain.,e Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Barcelona , Spain
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