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Vijitvarasan P, Cheunkar S, Oaew S. A point-of-use lateral flow aptasensor for naked-eye detection of aflatoxin B1. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Norlia M, Jinap S, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Radu S, Samsudin NIP, Azri FA. Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxins: Occurrence, Detection, and Identification in Raw Peanuts and Peanut-Based Products Along the Supply Chain. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2602. [PMID: 31824445 PMCID: PMC6886384 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination in foods is a global concern as they are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic compounds. The aflatoxin-producing fungi, mainly from the Aspergillus section Flavi, are ubiquitous in nature and readily contaminate various food commodities, thereby affecting human's health. The incidence of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxins in various types of food, especially raw peanuts and peanut-based products along the supply chain has been a concern particularly in countries having tropical and sub-tropical climate, including Malaysia. These climatic conditions naturally support the growth of Aspergillus section Flavi, especially A. flavus, particularly when raw peanuts and peanut-based products are stored under inappropriate conditions. Peanut supply chain generally consists of several major stakeholders which include the producers, collectors, exporters, importers, manufacturers, retailers and finally, the consumers. A thorough examination of the processes along the supply chain reveals that Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins could occur at any step along the chain, from farm to table. Thus, this review aims to give an overview on the prevalence of Aspergillus section Flavi and the occurrence of aflatoxins in raw peanuts and peanut-based products, the impact of aflatoxins on global trade, and aflatoxin management in peanuts with a special focus on peanut supply chain in Malaysia. Furthermore, aflatoxin detection and quantification methods as well as the identification of Aspergillus section Flavi are also reviewed herein. This review could help to shed light to the researchers, peanut stakeholders and consumers on the risk of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts along the supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahror Norlia
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Selamat Jinap
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Son Radu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Farah Asilah Azri
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Balendres MAO, Karlovsky P, Cumagun CJR. Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Agricultural Crop Commodities in the Philippines: A Review. Foods 2019; 8:E249. [PMID: 31288486 PMCID: PMC6678526 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical, warm, and humid conditions that are favorable to the growth and development of mycotoxigenic fungi put the Philippines at a high risk of mycotoxin contamination. To date, seven mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species, four Fusarium species, and one Penicillium species have been isolated from various agricultural crop commodities in the country. There are five mycotoxin groups (aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, nivalenol, and zearalenone) that have been detected in both the raw form and the by-products of major crops grown in the country. Since the first scientific report of aflatoxin contamination in the Philippines in 1972, new information has been generated on mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi, but little has been known of other mycotoxins until the last two decades. Further, despite the increase in the understanding of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in the country, very limited knowledge exists on practices and measures that control both the fungi and the toxins. This paper reviews the current literature on mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in the Philippines with emphasis on the last two decades and on other mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Angelo O Balendres
- Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Joseph R Cumagun
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
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4
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Fast and sensitive aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins ELISAs for analysis of peanuts, maize and feed ingredients. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prospects of gluten modification to rationalize celiac sprue toxicity – an immunological approach. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1048788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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6
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Recent trends in rapid environmental monitoring of pathogens and toxicants: potential of nanoparticle-based biosensor and applications. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:510982. [PMID: 25884032 PMCID: PMC4390168 DOI: 10.1155/2015/510982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Of global concern, environmental pollution adversely affects human health and socioeconomic development. The presence of environmental contaminants, especially bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and their toxins as well as chemical substances, poses serious public health concerns. Nanoparticle-based biosensors are considered as potential tools for rapid, specific, and highly sensitive detection of the analyte of interest (both biotic and abiotic contaminants). In particular, there are several limitations of conventional detection methods for water-borne pathogens due to low concentrations and interference with various enzymatic inhibitors in the environmental samples. The increase of cells to detection levels requires long incubation time. This review describes current state of biosensor nanotechnology, the advantage over conventional detection methods, and the challenges due to testing of environmental samples. The major approach is to use nanoparticles as signal reporter to increase output rather than spending time to increase cell concentrations. Trends in future development of novel detection devices and their advantages over other environmental monitoring methodologies are also discussed.
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Villar S, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Abedi-Ardekani B, Gouas D, Nogueira da Costa A, Plymoth A, Khuhaprema T, Kalalak A, Sangrajrang S, Friesen MD, Groopman JD, Hainaut P. Aflatoxin-induced TP53 R249S mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand: association with tumors developing in the absence of liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 22675488 DOI: 10.1371/-journal.pone.0037707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Liver Cancer (PLC) is the leading cause of death by cancer among males in Thailand and the 3(rd) among females. Most cases are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but cholangiocarcinomas represent between 4 and 80% of liver cancers depending upon geographic area. Most HCC are associated with chronic infection by Hepatitis B Virus while a G → T mutation at codon 249 of the TP53 gene, R249S, specific for exposure to aflatoxin, is detected in tumors for up to 30% of cases. We have used Short Oligonucleotide Mass Analysis (SOMA) to quantify free circulating R249S-mutated DNA in plasma using blood specimens collected in a hospital case:control study. Plasma R249S-mutated DNA was detectable at low concentrations (≥ 67 copies/mL) in 53 to 64% of patients with primary liver cancer or chronic liver disease and in 19% of controls. 44% of patients with HCC and no evidence of cirrhosis had plasma concentrations of R249S-mutated DNA ≥ 150 copies/mL, compared to 21% in patients with both HCC and cirrhosis, 22% in patients with cholangiocarcinoma, 12% in patients with non-cancer chronic liver disease and 3% of subjects in the reference group. Thus, plasma concentrations of R249S-mutated DNA ≥ 150 copies/mL tended to be more common in patients with HCC developing without pre-existing cirrhosis (p = 0.027). Overall, these results support the preferential occurrence of R249S-mutated DNA in HCC developing in the absence of cirrhosis in a context of HBV chronic infection.
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Villar S, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Abedi-Ardekani B, Gouas D, Nogueira da Costa A, Plymoth A, Khuhaprema T, Kalalak A, Sangrajrang S, Friesen MD, Groopman JD, Hainaut P. Aflatoxin-induced TP53 R249S mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand: association with tumors developing in the absence of liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37707. [PMID: 22675488 PMCID: PMC3366967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Liver Cancer (PLC) is the leading cause of death by cancer among males in Thailand and the 3rd among females. Most cases are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but cholangiocarcinomas represent between 4 and 80% of liver cancers depending upon geographic area. Most HCC are associated with chronic infection by Hepatitis B Virus while a G→T mutation at codon 249 of the TP53 gene, R249S, specific for exposure to aflatoxin, is detected in tumors for up to 30% of cases. We have used Short Oligonucleotide Mass Analysis (SOMA) to quantify free circulating R249S-mutated DNA in plasma using blood specimens collected in a hospital case:control study. Plasma R249S-mutated DNA was detectable at low concentrations (≥67 copies/mL) in 53 to 64% of patients with primary liver cancer or chronic liver disease and in 19% of controls. 44% of patients with HCC and no evidence of cirrhosis had plasma concentrations of R249S-mutated DNA ≥150 copies/mL, compared to 21% in patients with both HCC and cirrhosis, 22% in patients with cholangiocarcinoma, 12% in patients with non-cancer chronic liver disease and 3% of subjects in the reference group. Thus, plasma concentrations of R249S-mutated DNA ≥150 copies/mL tended to be more common in patients with HCC developing without pre-existing cirrhosis (p = 0.027). Overall, these results support the preferential occurrence of R249S-mutated DNA in HCC developing in the absence of cirrhosis in a context of HBV chronic infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aflatoxins/adverse effects
- Aged
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/blood
- Female
- Geography
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis C Antibodies/immunology
- Hepatitis, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis, Chronic/immunology
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/blood
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/genetics
- Thailand
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doriane Gouas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marlin D. Friesen
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John D. Groopman
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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9
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Mutations in TP53 and CTNNB1 in Relation to Hepatitis B and C Infections in Hepatocellular Carcinomas from Thailand. HEPATITIS RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:697162. [PMID: 21760996 PMCID: PMC3132492 DOI: 10.1155/2011/697162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may develop according to two major pathways, one involving HBV infection and TP53 mutation and the other characterized by HCV infection and CTNNB1 mutation. We have investigated HBV/HCV infections and TP53/CTNNB1 mutations in 26 HCC patients from Thailand. HBV DNA (genotype B or C) was detected in 19 (73%) of the cases, including 5 occult infections and 3 coinfections with HCV. TP53 and CTNNB1 mutations were not mutually exclusive, and most of TP53 mutations were R249S, suggesting a significant impact of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis in HCC development.
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10
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A survey of aflatoxins in sesame in Iran. Mycotoxin Res 2011; 27:259-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-011-0102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reddy KRN, Salleh B. A preliminary study on the occurrence of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 in imported wheat and barley in Penang, Malaysia. Mycotoxin Res 2010; 26:267-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-010-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Liu Y, Wu F. Global burden of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:818-24. [PMID: 20172840 PMCID: PMC2898859 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with prevalence 16-32 times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Aflatoxin, a contaminant produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in maize and nuts, is a known human liver carcinogen. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the global burden of HCC attributable to aflatoxin exposure. METHODS We conducted a quantitative cancer risk assessment, for which we collected global data on food-borne aflatoxin levels, consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence. We calculated the cancer potency of aflatoxin for HBV-postive and HBV-negative individuals, as well as the uncertainty in all variables, to estimate the global burden of aflatoxin-related HCC. RESULTS Of the 550,000-600,000 new HCC cases worldwide each year, about 25,200-155,000 may be attributable to aflatoxin exposure. Most cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China where populations suffer from both high HBV prevalence and largely uncontrolled aflatoxin exposure in food. CONCLUSIONS Aflatoxin may play a causative role in 4.6-28.2% of all global HCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Wu
- Address correspondence to F. Wu, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Dr., Rm 560, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Telephone: (412) 624-1306. Fax: (412) 624-3040. E-mail:
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13
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Urusov AE, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Immunochemical methods of mycotoxin analysis (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Reddy KRN, Salleh B, Saad B, Abbas HK, Abel CA, Shier WT. An overview of mycotoxin contamination in foods and its implications for human health. TOXIN REV 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/15569541003598553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Zucchi TD, de Moraes LAB, de Melo IS. Streptomyces sp. ASBV-1 reduces aflatoxin accumulation by Aspergillus parasiticus in peanut grains. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:2153-60. [PMID: 19016976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of Streptomyces sp. (strain ASBV-1) to restrict aflatoxin accumulation in peanut grains. METHODS AND RESULTS In the control of many phytopathogenic fungi the Streptomyces sp. ASBV-1 strain showed promise. An inhibitory test using this strain and A. parasiticus was conducted in peanut grains to evaluate the effects of this interaction on spore viability and aflatoxin accumulation. In some treatments the Streptomyces sp ASBV-1 strain reduced the viability of A. parasiticus spores by c. 85%, and inhibited aflatoxin accumulation in peanut grains. The values of these reductions ranged from 63 to 98% and from 67% to 96% for aflatoxins B(1) and G(1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that Streptomyces sp. ASBV-1 is able to colonize peanut grains and thus inhibit the spore viability of A. parasiticus, as well as reducing aflatoxin production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The positive finding for aflatoxin accumulation reduction in peanut grains seems promising and suggests a wider use of this actinobacteria in biological control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Zucchi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia & Zoologia Agrícola, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Screening of Aflatoxins and Zearalenone in feedstuffs and complete feeds for pigs in Southern Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2007; 40:77-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-007-9056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Cervino C, Knopp D, Weller MG, Niessner R. Novel aflatoxin derivatives and protein conjugates. Molecules 2007; 12:641-53. [PMID: 17851418 PMCID: PMC6149377 DOI: 10.3390/12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins, a group of structurally related mycotoxins, are well known for their toxic and carcinogenic effects in humans and animals. Aflatoxin derivatives and protein conjugates are needed for diverse analytical applications. This work describes a reliable and fast synthesis of novel aflatoxin derivatives, purification by preparative HPLC and characterisation by ESI-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR. Novel aflatoxin bovine serum albumin conjugates were prepared and characterised by UV absorption and MALDI-MS. These aflatoxin protein conjugates are potentially interesting as immunogens for the generation of aflatoxin selective antibodies with novel specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cervino
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 München, Germany; E-mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 München, Germany; E-mail:
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division I.5 (Bioanalytics), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; E-mail:
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 München, Germany; E-mail:
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18
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Overpressured layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in red paprika. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Hu YY, Zheng P, Zhang ZX, He YZ. Determination of aflatoxins in high-pigment content samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4126-30. [PMID: 16756336 DOI: 10.1021/jf0601564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A fast, efficient, and cost-effective method was developed for the analysis of aflatoxins in farm commodities with high-pigment content, such as chili powder, green bean, and black sesame. The proposed method involved matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection (FLD) with postcolumn electrochemical derivatization in a Kobra cell. The MSPD procedure combined the extraction with neutral alumina and pigment cleanup with graphitic carbon black (GCB) in a single step. The recoveries of aflatoxins ranged from 88% to 95% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 6% (n = 6). The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.25 ng/g aflatoxin B1, G1, and 0.10 ng/g aflatoxin B2, G2, respectively. The analytical results obtained by MSPD were compared to those of the immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup method. No significant differences were found between the two methods by t-test at the 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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20
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Adányi N, Levkovets IA, Rodriguez-Gil S, Ronald A, Váradi M, Szendro I. Development of immunosensor based on OWLS technique for determining Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:797-802. [PMID: 16600588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by a number of different fungi, and can be present in a wide range of food and feed commodities including cereal grains, oil seeds, dried fruits, apple juice, wine and meat products from animals fed contaminated meal. Many mycotoxins are highly resistant, and survive food processing, and therefore enter the food chain and provide a threat to human health. The optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) technique has been applied to the detection of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin in both competitive and in direct immunoassays. After immobilizing the antibody or antigen conjugate for the direct or indirect measurement, respectively, the sensor chip was used in flow-injection analyser (FIA) system. When using non-competitive method, sensor responses were obtained first only at analyte concentrations of 5-10 ng ml(-1). In both cases, the responses were very unstable. For competitive sensor investigation with the sensitized chip first the optimal dilution rate of monoclonal antibodies was determined, for the measurement of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 the monoclonal antibody stock solution was diluted to 1 microg ml(-1) and to a 1:400 dilution, respectively. During the competitive measurement standard solutions were mixed with monoclonal antibodies at the appropriate concentration, the mixture was incubated for 1 min and injected into the OWLS system. The sensitive detection range of the competitive detection method was between 0.5 and 10 ng ml(-1) in both cases. After the establishment of the indirect method, barley and wheat flour samples were measured, and the results were in good correlation by those measured by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Regression coefficient between the two methods for Ochratoxin and Aflatoxin was determined as 0.96 and 0.89, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Adányi
- Central Food Research Institute, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest H-1022, Hungary.
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21
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Kolosova AY, Shim WB, Yang ZY, Eremin SA, Chung DH. Direct competitive ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody for detection of aflatoxin B1. Stabilization of ELISA kit components and application to grain samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:286-94. [PMID: 16254721 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody has been developed and optimized for detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and an ELISA kit has been designed. This immunoassay was highly specific, sensitive, rapid, simple, and suitable for aflatoxin monitoring. AFB1 concentrations determinable by ELISA ranged from 0.1 to 10 microg L(-1). The IC50 value was 0.62 microg L(-1). Recovery from spiked rice samples averaged between 94 and 113%. The effect of different reagents on the stability of HRP-AFB1 conjugate solution was studied. The performance of a stabilized enzyme tracer in ELISA was determined and compared with that of a freshly prepared control solution of HRP-AFB(1) conjugate. The results showed that stabilizing media containing 0.02% BSA, 0.1% Kathon CG, and 0.05 mol L(-1) calcium chloride in 0.05 mol L(-1) Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2) maintained the activity of HRP-AFB1 at a dilution of 1:1000 for a period of at least 12 months at room temperature whereas the reference conjugate solution without the additives lost its activity within a few days. Several additives were tested for their stabilizing effect on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) immobilized on the surface of polystyrene microtitre plates. It was shown that immobilized MAb, treated with post-coating solutions containing PVA, BSA, and combinations of these substances with trehalose, retained its activity for at least 4 months at 4 degrees C, whereas the untreated MAb-coated plate lost its activity within 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yu Kolosova
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Group of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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