1
|
Fumero MV, Villani A, Susca A, Haidukowski M, Cimmarusti MT, Toomajian C, Leslie JF, Chulze SN, Moretti A. Fumonisin and Beauvericin Chemotypes and Genotypes of the Sister Species Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium temperatum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00133-20. [PMID: 32358011 PMCID: PMC7301838 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00133-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium temperatum are common maize pathogens that produce mycotoxins and cause plant disease. The ability of these species to produce beauvericin and fumonisin mycotoxins is not settled, as reports of toxin production are not concordant. Our objective was to clarify this situation by determining both the chemotypes and genotypes for strains from both species. We analyzed 25 strains from Argentina, 13 F. subglutinans and 12 F. temperatum strains, for toxin production by ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). We used new genome sequences from two strains of F. subglutinans and one strain of F. temperatum, plus genomes of other Fusarium species, to determine the presence of functional gene clusters for the synthesis of these toxins. None of the strains examined from either species produced fumonisins. These strains also lack Fum biosynthetic genes but retain homologs of some genes that flank the Fum cluster in Fusarium verticillioides None of the F. subglutinans strains we examined produced beauvericin although 9 of 12 F. temperatum strains did. A complete beauvericin (Bea) gene cluster was present in all three new genome sequences. The Bea1 gene was presumably functional in F. temperatum but was not functional in F. subglutinans due to a large insertion and multiple mutations that resulted in premature stop codons. The accumulation of only a few mutations expected to disrupt Bea1 suggests that the process of its inactivation is relatively recent. Thus, none of the strains of F. subglutinans or F. temperatum we examined produce fumonisins, and the strains of F. subglutinans examined also cannot produce beauvericin. Variation in the ability of strains of F. temperatum to produce beauvericin requires further study and could reflect the recent shared ancestry of these two species.IMPORTANCEFusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum are sister species and maize pathogens commonly isolated worldwide that can produce several mycotoxins and cause seedling disease, stalk rot, and ear rot. The ability of these species to produce beauvericin and fumonisin mycotoxins is not settled, as reports of toxin production are not concordant at the species level. Our results are consistent with previous reports that strains of F. subglutinans produce neither fumonisins nor beauvericin. The status of toxin production by F. temperatum needs further work. Our strains of F. temperatum did not produce fumonisins, while some strains produced beauvericin and others did not. These results enable more accurate risk assessments of potential mycotoxin contamination if strains of these species are present. The nature of the genetic inactivation of BEA1 is consistent with its relatively recent occurrence and the close phylogenetic relationship of the two sister species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Veronica Fumero
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology, National Research Council of Argentina, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | - Antonia Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - John F Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Sofia N Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology, National Research Council of Argentina, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scauflaire J, Gourgue M, Munaut F. Fusarium temperatumsp. nov. from maize, an emergent species closely related toFusarium subglutinans. Mycologia 2017; 103:586-97. [DOI: 10.3852/10-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélanie Gourgue
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Laboratory of Mycology, Croix du Sud 3/6, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Laboratory of Mycology, Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (BCCM™/MUCL), Croix du Sud 3/6, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The genus Fusarium includes numerous toxigenic species that are pathogenic to plants or humans, and are able to colonize a wide range of environments on earth. The genus comprises around 70 well-known species, identified by using a polyphasic approach, and as many as 300 putative species, according to phylogenetic species concepts; many putative species do not yet have formal names. Fusarium is one of the most economically important fungal genera because of yield loss due to plant pathogenic activity; mycotoxin contamination of food and feed products which often render them unaccep for marketing; and health impacts to humans and livestock, due to consumption of mycotoxins. Among the most important mycotoxins produced by species of Fusarium are the trichothecenes and the fumonisins. Fumonisins cause fatal livestock diseases and are considered potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins for humans, while trichothecenes are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis. This chapter summarizes the main aspects of morphology, pathology, and toxigenicity of the main Fusarium species that colonize different agricultural crops and environments worldwide, and cause mycotoxin contamination of food and feed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fusarium temperatum and Fusarium subglutinans isolated from maize in Argentina. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 199:86-92. [PMID: 25647244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium temperatum and Fusarium subglutinans isolated from the Northwest region (NOA region) of Argentina were characterized using a polyphasic approach based on morphological, biological and molecular markers. Some interfertility between the species was observed. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the two species represented two clades strongly supported by bootstrap values. The toxigenic profile of the strains was also determined. F. temperatum strains were fusaproliferin and beauvericin producers, and only some strains were fumonisin B1 producers. All F. subglutinans strains produced fusaproliferin but none produced beauvericin, indicating a potential toxicological risk from maize harvested in the NOA region of Argentina. This study provides new information about F. temperatum isolated from maize in Argentina.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu F, Bhatnagar D, Bui-Klimke T, Carbone I, Hellmich R, Munkvold G, Paul P, Payne G, Takle E. Climate change impacts on mycotoxin risks in US maize. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To ensure future food security, it is crucial to understand how potential climate change scenarios will affect agriculture. One key area of interest is how climatic factors, both in the near- and the long-term future, could affect fungal infection of crops and mycotoxin production by these fungi. The objective of this paper is to review the potential impact of climate change on three important mycotoxins that contaminate maize in the United States, and to highlight key research questions and approaches for understanding this impact. Recent climate change analyses that pertain to agriculture and in particular to mycotoxigenic fungi are discussed, with respect to the climatic factors – temperature and relative humidity – at which they thrive and cause severe damage. Additionally, we discuss how climate change will likely alter the life cycles and geographic distribution of insects that are known to facilitate fungal infection of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - D. Bhatnagar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd Bldg 001, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - T. Bui-Klimke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - I. Carbone
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 851 Main Campus Drive, Suite 233, Partners III, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - R. Hellmich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - G. Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Seed Science Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - P. Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Selby Hall, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - G. Payne
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 851 Main Campus Drive, Suite 233, Partners III, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - E. Takle
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 3010 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011
| |
Collapse
|