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Exploiting the layer-by-layer nanoarchitectonics for the fabrication of polymer capsules: A toolbox to provide multifunctional properties to target complex pathologies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102680. [PMID: 35468354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer capsules fabricated via the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach have attracted a great deal of attention for biomedical applications thanks to their tunable architecture. Compared to alternative methods, in which the precise control over the final properties of the systems is usually limited, the intrinsic versatility of the LbL approach allows the functionalization of all the constituents of the polymeric capsules following relatively simple protocols. In fact, the final properties of the capsules can be adjusted from the inner cavity to the outer layer through the polymeric shell, resulting in therapeutic, diagnostic, or theranostic (i.e., combination of therapeutic and diagnostic) agents that can be adapted to the particular characteristics of the patient and face the challenges encountered in complex pathologies. The biomedical industry demands novel biomaterials capable of targeting several mechanisms and/or cellular pathways simultaneously while being tracked by minimally invasive techniques, thus highlighting the need to shift from monofunctional to multifunctional polymer capsules. In the present review, those strategies that permit the advanced functionalization of polymer capsules are accordingly introduced. Each of the constituents of the capsule (i.e., cavity, multilayer membrane and outer layer) is thoroughly analyzed and a final overview of the combination of all the strategies toward the fabrication of multifunctional capsules is presented. Special emphasis is given to the potential biomedical applications of these multifunctional capsules, including particular examples of the performed in vitro and in vivo validation studies. Finally, the challenges in the fabrication process and the future perspective for their safe translation into the clinic are summarized.
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Shpigel T, Cohen Taguri G, Lewitus DY. Controlling drug delivery from polymer microspheres by exploiting the complex interrelationship of excipient and drug crystallization. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Shpigel
- Plastics and Polymer Engineering Department; Shenkar College; Ramat-Gan 6262528 Israel
| | - Gili Cohen Taguri
- Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Dan Y. Lewitus
- Plastics and Polymer Engineering Department; Shenkar College; Ramat-Gan 6262528 Israel
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Polomska A, Leroux JC, Brambilla D. Layer-by-Layer Coating of Solid Drug Cores: A Versatile Method to Improve Stability, Control Release and Tune Surface Properties. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polomska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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De Temmerman ML, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Rejman J. Tailoring layer-by-layer capsules for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:771-88. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric capsules have attracted great interest as versatile carrier systems in the area of medicine and pharmaceutics. These capsules are made by stepwise layer-by-layer adsorption of polymers onto a template core, which can be removed to produce hollow capsules. The cavity of these capsules can host various cargo molecules while the capsules’ wall can be functionalized towards desired properties by embedding specific moieties into the multilayers. Tuning of the capsules’ properties influences their interaction with cells and tissues and paves the way towards the development of stimuli-responsive capsules releasing their payload at a target site. In this review, we describe the generation of tailored layer-by-layer capsules and focus hereby on numerous potential applications of this multifunctional delivery platform in biomedical settings. We review the current status in the field and discuss the opportunities, as well as the hurdles, to be overcome to successfully transfer this technology to therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luce De Temmerman
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joanna Rejman
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Jiang G, Sun X, Zhu Y, Wang Y. pH- and Thermo-Sensitive Co-polymers Based on a Hyperbranched Polymers Core as Encapsulation and Release Carriers for Guest Molecules. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577211x555802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Jiang
- a Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China, Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China;,
| | - Xinke Sun
- b Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China, Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yuzheng Zhu
- c Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- d Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China, Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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Shi D, Greever R, Chen Y. Preparation and characterization of novel sinomenine microcapsules for oral controlled drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:482-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903262003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mansouri S, Winnik FM, Tabrizian M. Modulating the release kinetics through the control of the permeability of the layer-by-layer assembly: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:585-97. [PMID: 19480609 DOI: 10.1517/17425240902967599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique has emerged as a simple and versatile method for coating biological and non-biological templates for various biomedical applications. A promising avenue of this technique lies in the encapsulation of drugs and other biological substances for controlled release. Fundamental studies of LbL assembly on flat surfaces have provided a sound understanding of film deposition theory and its pertinence to ionic and molecular transport and diffusion through polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films. However, there is a lack of information on the permeability of three-dimensional PEM shell systems. In either PEM films or shells, it has been shown that drug release is a function of the ionic strength, pH and/or multilayer thickness. This report aims to provide an overview of the physicochemical parameters affecting the permeability of two- and three-dimensional multilayer shells, including ionic strength, layer number and pH. Furthermore, their synergic effect on loading and release of biologically active molecules from LbL multilayers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Mansouri
- McGill University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duff Medical Science Building, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Study of artemisinin nanocapsules as anticancer drug delivery systems. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:316-22. [PMID: 19523432 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Artemisinin (ART) crystals were encapsulated with chitosan, gelatin, and alginate for the purpose of controlled release. These polyelectrolytes were alternatively deposited on ART crystals sized about 766 nm through the layer-by-layer technique. Size distribution, zeta potential, and swelling property of ART nanocapsules were measured. The morphology of ART nanocapsules was observed by transmission electron microscopy after dissolution. Release property of ART nanocapsules was measured in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). It was proved that the ART nanocapsules dispersed well in aqueous solutions. Hydrophilicity of ART crystals was improved after encapsulation. The ART drug release rate was tuned by the properties of polyelectrolyte solutions, such as polyelectrolyte type, number of polyelectrolyte multilayers, sodium chloride concentration, and ethanol concentration in polyelectrolyte solution, and so on. Our research provides a feasible method of achieving prolonged drug release through self-assembly of polyelectrolytes on natural drug crystals. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Artemisinin (ART) crystals were encapsulated with chitosan, gelatin, and alginate for the purpose of controlled release of this anticancer drug. The reported method is feasible for achieving prolonged drug release through self-assembly of polyelectroytes on natural drug crystals.
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Ofokansi KC, Okorie O, Adikwu MU. Biodegradable Microspheres Based on Gelatin-Porcine Mucin Admixtures: in Vitro and in Vivo Delivery Studies. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1754-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grech JM, Mano JF, Reis RL. Chitosan Beads as Templates for Layer-by-Layer Assembly and their Application in the Sustained Release of Bioactive Agents. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911508093389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncoated chitosan beads and chitosan beads coated with hyaluronic acid/chitosan (HA/Ch) multilayers, were used to investigate the controlled release of gentamicin sulphate (GS). Greater encapsulation efficiency was observed for the layer—by-layer multilayer coated beads. The in vitro drug release was in a slower sustained manner compared with noncoated chitosan beads. The differences in in vitro drug release results may be explained by the barrier effect of the coating that impedes diffusion of GS and supporting complementary water uptake. These findings indicated that a slower sustained release of gentamicin can be obtained using multilayer coatings of HA/Ch on chitosan beads and that this process could be used as a drug delivery system. In addition, agglomerates of these bead could provide a porous support in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M.R. Grech
- 3B's Research Group- Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057 Portugal, IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joao F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group- Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057 Portugal, , IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group- Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057 Portugal, IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Wang C, Ye S, Dai L, Liu X, Tong Z. Enzymatic desorption of layer-by-layer assembled multilayer films and effects on the release of encapsulated indomethacin microcrystals. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2237-43. [PMID: 17662265 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer films were prepared through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of chitosan (CHI) and pyrene labeled poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (APy). After incubation in an enzyme pepsin solution, multilayer films were partially destroyed as detected by a decrease in fluorescence intensity due to enzymatic degradation of CHI and desorption of APy. The multilayer desorption rate was the highest at pH 4.0. Increasing temperature from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C accelerated desorption. The enzymatic desorption was also observed from microcapsule walls made of CHI/alginate (ALG) multilayer films directly deposited on indomethacin (IDM) microcrystals by LbL self-assembly. After pepsin erosion, the IDM release from the microcapsule monitored by UV absorbance was obviously accelerated due to desorption. The influence of incubation time, pH, and temperature of the pepsin solution on the IDM release was investigated. The release rate was the fastest after incubation in the pepsin solution at pH 4.0 due to the highest activity of pepsin. Increasing incubation temperature from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C, however, slowed down the release rate, which was considered to be due to the formation of more perfect and compact multilayer films through the chain rearrangement at higher temperatures. The CHI/ALG multilayer film was found to maintain its barrier function to the IDM diffusion even after 6-h incubation in the pepsin solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Wang C, Ye W, Zheng Y, Liu X, Tong Z. Fabrication of drug-loaded biodegradable microcapsules for controlled release by combination of solvent evaporation and layer-by-layer self-assembly. Int J Pharm 2007; 338:165-73. [PMID: 17324539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial burst release of drug from polymer microparticles remains an unsolved problem. Here, we deposited polysaccharides on drug-loaded microspheres using layer-by-layer self-assembly to produce core-shell microparticles for sustained drug release. The ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles were fabricated by conventional solvent evaporation. The processing parameters, such as pH of water phase, drug/polymer ratio, polymer type, and emulsifier concentration, were optimized according to the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as pH 4.0, drug/polymer ratio=10/50 (wt), HV in PHBV=6wt.%, and PVA concentration=1% (w/v). The multilayer shells of chitosan (CHI)/sodium alginate (ALG) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PD)/sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were formed on the IBU-loaded PHBV microparticles using layer-by-layer self-assembly. The in vitro release experiments revealed that, as for the microparticles with three CHI/ALG bilayer shells, the initial burst release of IBU from the microparticles was significantly suppressed and the half release time was prolonged to 62h from 1h for the microparticles without coverage. The compact CHI/ALG multilayer film was observed with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) due to the matched distance of charges along the CHI chain and those along the ALG chains. The present combination for encapsulating drug-loaded microparticles demonstrates an effective way to prolong the drug release with reduced initial burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang C, Ye S, Dai L, Liu X, Tong Z. Enhanced Resistance of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Microcapsules to Pepsin Erosion and Release Properties of Encapsulated Indomethacin. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:1739-44. [PMID: 17458935 DOI: 10.1021/bm070110z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer films were prepared through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly using polysaccharide sodium alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CHI). After incubation in an enzyme pepsin solution, the multilayer film was partially destroyed as detected by the decrease in fluorescent intensity because of the enzymatic degradation of CHI. The enzymatic desorption was also observed from the microcapsule wall made of the ALG/CHI multilayer film directly deposited on indomethacin (IDM) microcrystals through LbL self-assembly. After pepsin erosion, the IDM release from the microcapsules monitored by UV absorbance was obviously accelerated because of desorption. To enhance the stability of the ALG/CHI multilayer film to the enzymatic erosion, some physical and chemical methods were established to increase film thickness or to cross-link the polysaccharides within the film. Increasing the layer number and raising the deposition temperature effectively slowed down the enzymatic desorption and release rate. Especially, increasing deposition temperature was more effective because of producing a more perfect structure in the ALG/CHI multilayer film. Cross-linking the neighboring layers of ALG and CHI with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide in the ALG/CHI multilayer film significantly reduced the enzymatic desorption and release rate. Therefore, increasing deposition temperature and cross-linking neighboring layers are effective methods to protect the multilayer film fabricated using LbL assembly from the enzymatic erosion and to prolong the release of the encapsulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Lu B, Wen R, Yang H, He Y. Sustained-release tablets of indomethacin-loaded microcapsules: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization. Int J Pharm 2006; 333:87-94. [PMID: 17081709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin (IDM) was encapsulated in gelatin-cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) microcapsules (A) by complex coacervation method and in CAP microcapsules (B) by simple coacervation method. Microcapsules A and B, having mean diameters of 38.24 and 35.74 microm, respectively, were used to prepare sustained-release tablets A and B. The activation energy of thermal degradation for tablets A and B was calculated based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to be 258.9 and 284.8 kcal/mol, respectively. In vitro release profiles showed no burst effect and release t(1/2) of the two sustained-release tablets were found to be 41.30+/-1.86 and 33.25+/-2.84 min, respectively, while that of IDM plain tablets C was 6.30+/-0.39 min (P<0.01). In vitro release of IDM from tablets A and B could be described by Higuchi equation and zero-order kinetics, respectively. After per os (po) administration with physiological saline, their irritation to rat stomach was obviously reduced in comparison with tablets C. Pharmacokinetic study in rabbits showed that t(max) was delayed and C(max) lowered compared with tablets C and the values of AUC(0-24 h) of the three tablets were very close.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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