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Optimization of the Preformulation and Formulation Parameters in the Development of New Extended-Release Tablets Containing Felodipine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, new extended-release tablets containing felodipine were developed. For the orally administered formulations, optimization of the preformulation and formulation parameters was performed to assess the performance of the dosage form. Initially, the morphological and physical characterization of two forms of felodipine (microcrystalline and macrocrystalline) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy was performed. The pharmaco-technical properties of the two felodipine forms were also determined. Subsequently, formulation studies for felodipine extended-release tablets were performed. Mathematical modelling of release kinetics of felodipine from developed formulations using a power law model was also performed. Based on the influence of formulation factors on the in vitro availability of felodipine in experimental tablets, a new extended-release tablet formulation was established.
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Kumar R, Thakur AK, Banerjee N, Chaudhari P. A critical review on the particle generation and other applications of rapid expansion of supercritical solution. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121089. [PMID: 34530097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The novel particle generation processes of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)/drug have been extensively explored in recent decades due to their wide-range applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) is one of the promising techniques to obtain the fine particles (micro to nano-size) of APIs with narrow particle size distribution (PSD). In RESS, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) and API are used as solvent and solute respectively. In this literature survey, the application of RESS in the formation of fine particles is critically reviewed. Solubility of API in SC CO2 and supersaturation are the key factors in tuning the particle size. The different approaches to model and predict the solubility of API in SC CO2 are discussed. Then, the effect of process parameters on mean particle size and the particle size distribution are interpreted in the context of solubility and supersaturation. Furthermore, the less-explored applications of RESS in preparation of solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposome, polymorphic conversion, cocrystallization and inclusion complexation are compared with traditional processes. The solubility enhancement of API in SC CO2 using co-solvent and its applications in particle generation are explored in published literature. The development and modifications in the conventional RESS process to overcome the limitations of RESS are presented. Finally, the perspective on RESS with special attention to its commercial operation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Amit K Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nilanjana Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranava Chaudhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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Tutek K, Masek A, Kosmalska A, Cichosz S. Application of Fluids in Supercritical Conditions in the Polymer Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:729. [PMID: 33673482 PMCID: PMC7956827 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the use of fluids under supercritical conditions in processes related to the modern and innovative polymer industry. The most important processes using supercritical fluids are: extraction, particle formation, micronization, encapsulation, impregnation, polymerization and foaming. This review article briefly describes and characterizes the individual processes, with a focus on extraction, micronization, particle formation and encapsulation. The methods mentioned focus on modifications in the scope of conducting processes in a more ecological manner and showing higher quality efficiency. Nowadays, due to the growing trend of ecological solutions in the chemical industry, we see more and more advanced technological solutions. Less toxic fluids under supercritical conditions can be used as an ecological alternative to organic solvents widely used in the polymer industry. The use of supercritical conditions to conduct these processes creates new opportunities for obtaining materials and products with specialized applications, in particular in the medical, pharmacological, cosmetic and food industries, based on substances of natural sources. The considerations contained in this article are intended to increase the awareness of the need to change the existing techniques. In particular, the importance of using supercritical fluids in more industrial methods and for the development of already known processes, as well as creating new solutions with their use, should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Tutek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kosmalska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Stefan Cichosz
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Soh SH, Lee LY. Microencapsulation and Nanoencapsulation Using Supercritical Fluid (SCF) Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11010021. [PMID: 30621309 PMCID: PMC6359585 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of supercritical fluids, in particular supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), provide numerous opportunities for the development of processes for pharmaceutical applications. One of the potential applications for pharmaceuticals includes microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation for drug delivery purposes. Supercritical CO2 processes allow the design and control of particle size, as well as drug loading by utilizing the tunable properties of supercritical CO2 at different operating conditions (flow ratio, temperature, pressures, etc.). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the processes and techniques using supercritical fluid processing based on the supercritical properties, the role of supercritical carbon dioxide during the process, and the mechanism of formulation production for each process discussed. The considerations for equipment configurations to achieve the various processes described and the mechanisms behind the representative processes such as RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solutions), SAS (supercritical antisolvent), SFEE (supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions), PGSS (particles from gas-saturated solutions), drying, and polymer foaming will be explained via schematic representation. More recent developments such as fluidized bed coating using supercritical CO2 as the fluidizing and drying medium, the supercritical CO2 spray drying of aqueous solutions, as well as the production of microporous drug releasing devices via foaming, will be highlighted in this review. Development and strategies to control and optimize the particle morphology, drug loading, and yield from the major processes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hong Soh
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04 Devan Nair Institute for Employment & Employability, Singapore 609607, Singapore.
| | - Lai Yeng Lee
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04 Devan Nair Institute for Employment & Employability, Singapore 609607, Singapore.
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 537 Clementi Road, #06-01 SIT Building@Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599493, Singapore.
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Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:22-78. [PMID: 30026127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low drug bioavailability, which is mostly a result of poor aqueous drug solubilities and of inadequate drug dissolution rates, is one of the most significant challenges that pharmaceutical companies are currently facing, since this may limit the therapeutic efficacy of marketed drugs, or even result in the discard of potential highly effective drug candidates during developmental stages. Two of the main approaches that have been implemented in recent years to overcome poor drug solubility/dissolution issues have frequently involved drug particle size reduction (i.e., micronization/nanonization) and/or the modification of some of the physicochemical and structural properties of poorly water soluble drugs. A large number of particle engineering methodologies have been developed, tested, and applied in the synthesis and control of particle size/particle-size distributions, crystallinities, and polymorphic purities of drug micro- and nano-particles/crystals. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to the several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their "green", sustainable, safe and "environmentally-friendly" intrinsic characteristics. In this work, it is presented a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on scCO2-based processes focused on the formation and on the control of the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of amorphous/crystalline pure drug nanoparticles. It is presented and discussed the most relevant scCO2, scCO2-based fluids and drug physicochemical properties that are pertinent for the development of successful pharmaceutical products, namely those that are critical in the selection of an adequate scCO2-based method to produce pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals. scCO2-based nanoparticle formation methodologies are classified in three main families, and in terms of the most important role played by scCO2 in particle formation processes: as a solvent; as an antisolvent or a co-antisolvent; and as a "high mobility" additive (a solute, a co-solute, or a co-solvent). Specific particle formation methods belonging to each one of these families are presented, discussed and compared. Some selected amorphous/crystalline drug nanoparticles that were prepared by these methods are compiled and presented, namely those studied in the last 10-15 years. A special emphasis is given to the formation of drug cocrystals. It is also discussed the fundamental knowledge and the main mechanisms in which the scCO2-based particle formation methods rely on, as well as the current status and urgent needs in terms of reliable experimental data and of robust modeling approaches. Other addressed and discussed topics include the currently available and the most adequate physicochemical, morphological and biological characterization methods required for pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals, some of the current nanometrology and regulatory issues associated to the use of these methods, as well as some scale-up, post-processing and pharmaceutical regulatory subjects related to the industrial implementation of these scCO2-based processes. Finally, it is also discussed the current status of these techniques, as well as their future major perspectives and opportunities for industrial implementation in the upcoming years.
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Zhang Q, Ou C, Ye S, Song X, Luo S. Construction of nanoscale liposomes loaded with melatonin via supercritical fluid technology. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:687-698. [PMID: 28866966 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1376001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin-loaded liposomes (MLL) were successfully prepared using rapid expansion of supercritical solution technology. The effects of supercritical pressure on encapsulation efficiency (EE) and average particle size were then analysed. Meanwhile, temperature, formation time and ethanol concentration in the products were studied and optimised based on the response surface methodology (RSM). An in vitro simulated digestion model was also established to evaluate the release performance of MLL. The results showed that 140 bar was the best pressure for maximising the EE value using RSM optimisation, reaching up to 82.2%. MLL characterisations were performed using analytic techniques including infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, a laser scattering particle size analyser and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The size distribution was uniform, with an average diameter of 66 nm. Stability tests proved that MLL maintained good preservation duration, and residual solvent experiments indicated that only 1.03% (mass ratio) of ethanol remained in the products. Simulated release experiments indicated the slow release feature in early digestive stages and more thorough characteristics in later stages of simulated digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ou
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Shengying Ye
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Xianliang Song
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Shucan Luo
- a College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P. R. China
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Lee JH, Kim JC. Human growth hormone-loaded nanogels composed of cinnamoyl alginate, cinnamoyl Pluronic F127, and cinnamoyl poly(ethylene glycol). J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyup Lee
- College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University; 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong Chuncheon Kangwon-do 200-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University; 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong Chuncheon Kangwon-do 200-701 Republic of Korea
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9
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Kumar D, Thipparaboina R, Sreedhar B, Shastri NR. The role of surface chemistry in crystal morphology and its associated properties. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced surface polarity in Fel-1 (re-crystallized from acetonitrile) resulted in enhanced dissolution efficiency and a better pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- NIPER (National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research)
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Thipparaboina
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- NIPER (National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research)
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Bojja Sreedhar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Nalini R. Shastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- NIPER (National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research)
- Hyderabad, India
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Montes A, Litwinowicz AA, Gradl U, Gordillo MD, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa EJ. Exploring High Operating Conditions in the Ibuprofen Precipitation by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Montes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International
Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A. A. Litwinowicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International
Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - U. Gradl
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International
Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M. D. Gordillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International
Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - C. Pereyra
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International
Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E. J. Martínez de la Ossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International
Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Girotra P, Singh SK, Nagpal K. Supercritical fluid technology: a promising approach in pharmaceutical research. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:22-38. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.726998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Vergara-Mendoza MDS, Ortiz-Estrada CH, González-Martínez J, Quezada-Gallo JA. Microencapsulation of Coenzyme Q10 in Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(lactic acid) with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2014839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María del Socorro Vergara-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, México D. F. 01219, México
| | - Ciro-Humberto Ortiz-Estrada
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, México D. F. 01219, México
| | - Juana González-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, México D. F. 01219, México
| | - Jesús-Alberto Quezada-Gallo
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, México D. F. 01219, México
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Xia F, Jin H, Zhao Y, Guo X. Preparation of coenzyme Q10 liposomes using supercritical anti-solvent technique. J Microencapsul 2011; 29:21-9. [PMID: 22034954 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.629742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) proliposomes were prepared using the supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) technique to encapsulate CoQ(10). The mixture of cholesterol and soya bean phosphatidylcholine (PC) was chosen as wall materials. The effects of operation conditions (temperature, pressure and components) on the recovery of CoQ(10) and the CoQ(10) loading in CoQ(10) proliposomes were studied. At the optimum conditions of pressure of 8.0 MPa, temperature of 35°C, the weight ratio of 1/10 between CoQ(10) and PC, and the weight ratio of 1/3 between cholesterol and PC, the CoQ(10) loading reached 8.92%. CoQ(10) liposomes were obtained by hydrating CoQ(10) proliposomes and the entrapment efficiency of CoQ(10) reached 82.28%. The morphologies of CoQ(10) proliposomes were characterized by scanning electron microscope, and their solid states were characterized by X-ray diffractometer. The structures of CoQ(10) liposomes were characterized by transmission electron microscope. The particle size distribution of CoQ(10) liposomes was determined by dynamic light scattering instrument. The results indicate that CoQ(10) liposomes with particle sizes about 50 nm can be easily obtained from hydrating CoQ(10) proliposomes prepared by SAS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
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He S, Zhang Z, Xu F, Zhang S, Lei Z. Micronization of magnolia bark extract with enhanced dissolution behavior by rapid expansion of supercritical solution. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:154-9. [PMID: 20118572 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) technology was presented for the micronization of Chinese medicinal material. Magnolia bark extract (MBE) obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) extraction technology was chosen as the experimental material. RESS process produced 4.7 microm size MBE microparticles (size distribution, 0.2-24.1 microm), which was significantly smaller than the 55.3 microm size particles (size distribution, 8.3-102.4 microm) obtained from conventional mechanical milling. Dissolution rate study showed that drug dissolution was significantly enhanced by the RESS progress. At 90 min, the amount dissolved of mechanical milling MBE was 6.37 mg x l(-1), which was significantly lower than that of micronized MBE (14.77 mg x l(-1)), according to the results of ANOVA (p<0.01). The effect of extraction temperature (30, 40, 50 degrees Celsius), extraction pressure (200, 250, 300 bar) and nozzle size (50, 100, 200 microm) on the size distribution of microparticles was investigated. The characteristics of microparticles were also studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and image analysis. This study demonstrates that RESS is applicable for preparing microparticles of MBE at low operating temperature; the process is simple without residual solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Llinàs A, Goodman JM. Polymorph control: past, present and future. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:198-210. [PMID: 18342795 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Llinàs
- Pfizer Institute for Pharmaceutical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Lam UT, Mammucari R, Suzuki K, Foster NR. Processing of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Supercritical Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070494+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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