1
|
Oppong-Damoah A, Zaman RU, D'Souza MJ, Murnane KS. Nanoparticle encapsulation increases the brain penetrance and duration of action of intranasal oxytocin. Horm Behav 2019; 108:20-29. [PMID: 30593782 PMCID: PMC7001472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the therapeutic use of large molecules as it prevents them from passively entering the brain following administration by conventional routes. It also limits the capacity of researchers to study the role of large molecules in behavior, as it often necessitates intracerebroventricular administration. Oxytocin is a large-molecule neuropeptide with pro-social behavioral effects and therapeutic promise for social-deficit disorders. Although preclinical and clinical studies are using intranasal delivery of oxytocin to improve brain bioavailability, it remains of interest to further improve the brain penetrance and duration of action of oxytocin, even with intranasal administration. In this study, we evaluated a nanoparticle drug-delivery system for oxytocin, designed to increase its brain bioavailability through active transport and increase its duration of action through encapsulation and sustained release. We first evaluated transport of oxytocin-like large molecules in a cell-culture model of the BBB. We then determined in vivo brain transport using bioimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis in mice. Finally, we determined the pro-social effects of oxytocin (50 μg, intranasal) in two different brain targeting and sustained-release formulations. We found that nanoparticle formulation increased BBB transport both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, nanoparticle-encapsulated oxytocin administered intranasally exhibited greater pro-social effects both acutely and 3 days after administration, in comparison to oxytocin alone, in mouse social-interaction experiments. These multimodal data validate this brain targeting and sustained-release formulation of oxytocin, which can now be used in animal models of social-deficit disorders as well as to enhance the brain delivery of other neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboagyewaah Oppong-Damoah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rokon Uz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Sean Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaman RU, Mulla NS, Braz Gomes K, D'Souza C, Murnane KS, D'Souza MJ. Nanoparticle formulations that allow for sustained delivery and brain targeting of the neuropeptide oxytocin. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:698-706. [PMID: 30031864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a promising candidate for the treatment of social-deficit disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, but oxytocin cannot readily pass the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, oxytocin requires frequent dosing as it is rapidly metabolized in blood. We fabricated four polymeric nanoparticle formulations using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the base material. In order to target them to the brain, we then conjugated the materials to either transferrin or rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) as targeting ligands. The formulations were characterized in vitro for size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and release profiles. All formulations showed slightly negative charges and sizes ranging from 100 to 278 nm in diameter, with RVG-conjugated BSA nanoparticles exhibiting the smallest sizes. No formulation was found to be immunogenic or cytotoxic. The encapsulation efficiency was ≥75% for all nanoparticle formulations. Release studies demonstrated that BSA nanoparticle formulation exhibited a faster initial burst of release compared to PLGA particles, in addition to later sustained release. This initial burst release would be favorable for clinical dosing as therapeutic effects could be quickly established, especially in combination with additional sustained release to maintain the therapeutic effects. Our size and release profile data indicate that RVG-conjugated BSA nanoparticles are the most favorable formulation for brain delivery of oxytocin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rokon Uz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nihal S Mulla
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA
| | - Keegan Braz Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cherilyn D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Sean Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ubale RV, Shastri PN, Oettinger C, D’Souza MJ. Pulmonary Administration of Microparticulate Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) for the Treatment of Lung Inflammation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1908-1919. [PMID: 29663290 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery to the lung for controlling lung inflammation is an area that we have explored in this study. The purpose was to use microparticles containing an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to NF-κB to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Microparticles were prepared using the B-290 Buchi Spray Dryer using albumin as the microparticle matrix. Physicochemical characterization of the microparticles showed the size ranged from 2 to 5 μm, the charge was - 38.4 mV, and they had a sustained release profile over 72 h. Uptake of FITC-labeled ASO-loaded microparticles versus FITC-labeled ASO solution by RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells was 5-10-fold higher. After pulmonary delivery of microparticles to Sprague-Dawley rats, the microparticles were uniformly distributed throughout the lung and were retained in the lungs until 48 h. Serum cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels of rats after induction of lung inflammation by lipopolysaccharide were measured until 72 h. Animals receiving ASO-loaded microparticles were successful in significantly controlling lung inflammation during this period as compared to animals receiving no treatment. This study was successful in proving that microparticulate ASO therapy was capable of controlling lung inflammation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel N, Addo RT, Ubale R, Uddin MN, D'Souza M, Jobe L. The effect of antisense to NF-κB in an albumin microsphere formulation on the progression of left-ventricular remodeling associated with chronic volume overload in rats. J Drug Target 2014; 22:796-804. [PMID: 24892743 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.921927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased NF-κB levels play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and are known to cause ventricular remodeling. Antisense therapy can be used for blocking the expression of NF-κB and subsequently avoiding heart failure. However, as with most biotechnology products, molecular instability and overall cost are often the major issues and concerns limiting the advancement of most antisense drugs to the market. Therefore, a cost-efficient biodegradable sustained release particle drug delivery system to transport and target NF-kB antisense to its intended site of action would be ideal. PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo performance of a sustained release spray-dried albumin microsphere formulation for effective delivery and treatment of left ventricular remodeling with antisense to NF-κB. METHODS Albumin-based microspheres encapsulating antisense to NF-kB were prepared by spray drying and studied in a rat model to treat congestive heart failure. RESULTS The NF-κB activation and TNF-α release seen in treated animals were significantly lower than control animals. Ventricular remodeling was controlled in animals with antisense-treated AV fistulas as ΔV0-25 and ΔV0 were significantly lower compared to animals with untreated AV fistulas. CONCLUSION This treatment was successful in curbing ventricular remodeling by suppressing NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Patel
- Sullivan University College of Pharmacy , Louisville, KY , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Metelev VG, Kubareva EA, Oretskaya TS. Regulation of activity of transcription factor NF-κB by synthetic oligonucleotides. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:867-78. [PMID: 24228874 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913080026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic dimeric nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the main transcription factors that activate expression of genes, products of which play the key role in development of cardiovascular pathologies, carcinogenesis, and inflammatory and viral diseases. In this review, the main attention is given to modulation of the transcription factor NF-κB activity by antisense oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide decoys. Also, current concepts about interactions between NF-κB dimers and DNA and general problems that arise in experimental use of synthetic oligonucleotides in vivo are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V G Metelev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Enriquez GG, Rizvi SAA, D'Souza MJ, Do DP. Formulation and evaluation of drug-loaded targeted magnetic microspheres for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1393-402. [PMID: 23630421 PMCID: PMC3626373 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced and targeted drug delivery using biodegradable microspheres is emerging as a promising approach for cancer therapy. The main objective of the present research was to formulate, characterize, and evaluate iron oxide (magnetic) containing a bovine serum albumin-based microsphere drug delivery system, capable of efficiently delivering sulforaphane, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for an extended period of time in vivo. Magnetic microspheres were prepared by spray-drying and characterized for their physicochemical properties and dissolution profile. Further, they were evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo systems. In vitro studies in B16 melanoma cells revealed that there was about 13%-16% more inhibition of cell viability when either 30 μM or 50 μM of sulforaphane was used with iron oxide in the polymeric carrier. Data from in vivo studies in C57BL/6 mice revealed that the magnetic microspheres (localized to the tumor site with the help of a strong magnet) inhibited 18% more tumor growth as compared with sulforaphane in solution. In addition, there was a 40% reduction in histone deacetylation levels in mice treated with iron oxide microspheres containing sulforaphane. Thus, magnetic microspheres are shown to be an effective drug delivery system for anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Enriquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uddin MN, Patel NJ, Bhowmik T, D'Souza B, Akalkotkar A, Etzlar F, Oettinger CW, D'Souza M. Enhanced bioavailability of orally administered antisense oligonucleotide to nuclear factor kappa B mRNA after microencapsulation with albumin. J Drug Target 2013; 21:450-7. [PMID: 23480723 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.765440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Antisense molecules that pertain to ribonucleic acid (RNA) and complementary to the messenger RNA (mRNA) are produced by transcription of a given gene. Antisense oligonucleotides have emerged as potential gene-specific therapeutic agents that are currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials for a variety of diseases. When administered orally, antisense oligionucleotides have poor bioavailability as they are rapidly degraded by the acid in the stomach and by the enzymes in the intestine. Therefore, the enhancement of bioavailability after oral administration is highly desirable. This article shows the enhanced bioavailability of antisense oligonucleotides that targets nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA after encapsulating in an inert, biodegradable albumin polymer matrix that was administered via the oral route into a rat model. The bioavailability of the antisense oligonucleotides to NF-κB in microencapsulated form was compared to the solution form of the drug upon oral administration. The solution form had a low bioavailability of 9%, whereas the bioavailability for the microencapsulated form of the drug increased up to 70%. Moreover, the other pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life (t1/2) and volume of distribution (Vd) increased for the microencapsulated form compared to the solution form of the drug.
Collapse
|
8
|
Oettinger CW, D'Souza MJ. Microencapsulated drug delivery: a new approach to pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:455-62. [PMID: 22348221 PMCID: PMC3433085 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.658443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This article reviews the use of albumin microcapsules 3-4 µm in size containing cytokine inhibiting drugs which include neutralizing antibodies to TNF and IL1, CNI-1493, antisense oligonucleotides to TNF and NF-kappaB, and the antioxidant catalase. OBJECTIVE Describe the effects, cellular uptake and distribution of microencapsulated drugs and the effect in both a peritonitis model of infection and a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. METHODS The studies performed by our group are reviewed, the only such studies available. RESULTS Microencapsulation of these compounds produced high intracellular drug concentrations due to rapid uptake by phagocytic cells, including endothelial cells, without toxicity. All compounds produced excellent inhibition of TNF and IL1 resulting in improved animal survival in a peritonitis model of septic shock and inflammation in an arthritis model. CONCLUSION Albumin microencapsulated pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibiting compounds are superior to equivalent concentration of these compounds administered in solution form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl W Oettinger
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uddin MN, Siddiq A, Oettinger CW, D’Souza MJ. Potentiation of pro-inflammatory cytokine suppression and survival by microencapsulated dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental sepsis. J Drug Target 2011; 19:752-60. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.561856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
10
|
Angra PK, Rizvi SAA, Oettinger CW, D’Souza MJ. Novel approach for preparing nontoxic stealth microspheres for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.2.2.125-129.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Oettinger CW, D'Souza MJ. Synergism in survival to endotoxic shock in rats given microencapsulated CNI-1493 and antisense oligomers to NF-kappaB. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:372-6. [PMID: 20515262 DOI: 10.3109/02652040903243437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of TNF may be inhibited at the transcriptional level by antisense to either TNF or NF-kappaB or at the post-transcriptional level by CNI-1493, a guanylhydrazone compound which inhibits p38 MAP kinase activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that targeting macrophages and other phagocytic cells by intracellular drug delivery using albumin microcapsules containing either antisense oligomers to NF-kappaB or CNI-1493 greatly enhances intracellular drug concentration and survival in both endotoxic shock and sepsis models. It is the purpose of this study to determine if microencapsulated drugs acting at different stages in the synthesis of TNF are synergistic. Four groups of 10 rats each were given 15 mg kg(-1) of E.coli endotoxin and treated with (1) CNI-1493 1 mg kg(-1), (2) antisense oligomers to NF-kappaB at 100 mcg, (3) CNI-1493 1 mg kg(-1) plus antisense kappa to NF- at 100 mg kg(-1) and (4) CNI-1493 200 mg kg(-1) plus antisense oligomer to NF-kappaB at 200 mg kg(-1). TNF and IL1 were measured by ELISA at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h. The rats were observed for 5 days. The combination of CNI-1493 and antisense oligomers to NF-kappaB inhibited TNF 41% greater that CNI alone and 51% greater than antisense oligomers to NF-kappaB alone at 4 h after endotoxin administration. Survival at 5 days with CNI alone was 0%, 20% with antisense oligomers to NF-kappaB and 60% with the combination. In conclusion, synergism in survival occurs using microencapsulated drugs acting at different points in the synthesis of TNF was demonstrated using an in-vivo model of endotoxic shock. Both the amount of TNF inhibition and the mortality were significantly improved with combination therapy. Multiple drugs acting at different sites in the synthesis of TNF may be useful in the treatment of disease states characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
Collapse
|
12
|
Distinct physiologic and inflammatory responses elicited in baboons after challenge with Shiga toxin type 1 or 2 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2497-504. [PMID: 20308301 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01435-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a principal source of regional outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the United States and worldwide. Primary bacterial virulence factors are Shiga toxin types 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2), and we performed parallel analyses of the pathophysiologies elicited by the toxins in nonhuman primate models to identify shared and unique consequences of the toxemias. After a single intravenous challenge with purified Stx1 or Stx2, baboons (Papio) developed thrombocytopenia, anemia, and acute renal failure with loss of glomerular function, in a dose-dependent manner. Differences in the timing and magnitude of physiologic responses were observed between the toxins. The animals were more sensitive to Stx2, with mortality at lower doses, but Stx2-induced renal injury and mortality were delayed 2 to 3 days compared to those after Stx1 challenge. Multiplex analyses of plasma inflammatory cytokines revealed similarities (macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) and differences (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) elicited by the toxins with respect to the mediator induced and timing of the responses. Neither toxin induced detectable levels of plasma TNF-alpha. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the in vivo consequences of the toxins have been compared in a parallel and reproducible manner in nonhuman primates, and the data show similarities to patient observations. The availability of experimental nonhuman primate models for Stx toxemias provides a reproducible platform for testing antitoxin compounds and immunotherapeutics with outcome criteria that have clinical meaning.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gayakwad SG, Bejugam NK, Akhavein N, Uddin NA, Oettinger CE, D'Souza MJ. Formulation and in vitro characterization of spray-dried antisense oligonucleotide to NF-kappaB encapsulated albumin microspheres. J Microencapsul 2010; 26:692-700. [PMID: 19888878 DOI: 10.3109/02652040802666910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize microspheres containing antisense oligonucleotide to NF-kappaB using bovine serum albumin as the polymer matrix. Microspheres were prepared by spray-drying technique with 5, 10 and 15% drug loading. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linking agent. The particle sizes ranged from 3-5 microm. Microspheres were smooth and spherical in shape, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The yield of microspheres ranged from 70-75% and the encapsulation efficiencies were found to be in the range of 59-60%, as determined by a novel HPLC method. Zeta potential of the microspheres ranged between -39 to -53 mV, thus indicating good suspension stability in water. In-vitro release studies performed using phosphate buffer saline demonstrated extended drug release up to 72 h. Kinetic model fitting showed high correlation with the Higuchi model, suggesting that the drug release was primarily diffusion controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay G Gayakwad
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siwale RC, Oettinger CW, Addo R, Siddig A, D'Souza MJ. The effect of intracellular delivery of catalase and antisense oligonucleotides to NF-kappaB using albumin microcapsules in the endotoxic shock model. J Drug Target 2009; 17:701-9. [PMID: 19845486 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903062070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microencapsulated (MC) catalase has been shown to inhibit H(2)O(2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro after endotoxin stimulation. It is the purpose of this study to determine whether MC catalase improves pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition and mortality in an endotoxic shock model in vivo. We also examined whether MC catalase and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) together improved survival by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines using different mechanisms. METHODS Albumin microcapsules containing catalase and ASO to NF-kappaB were prepared 2-7 microm in size by using a Büchi spray dryer. Progressively increasing doses of MC catalase, MC ASO to NF-kappaB, and the combination were given to rats before the administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Results demonstrated 60% survival in rats given 15 mg/kg MC catalase, 70% survival with 20 mg/kg MC ASO NF-kappaB, and 80% survival with the combination. TNF was inhibited by 53% in the MC catalase group 4 h after endotoxin administration, 43% in the ASO NF-kappaB group, and 78% in the combination group compared to controls. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of MC intracellular delivery of the naturally occurring antioxidant catalase in improving animal survival. The addition of ASO to NF-kappaB improved both cytokine inhibition and animal survival in endotoxic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney C Siwale
- Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Siwale RC, Yeboah GK, Addo R, Oettinger CW, D'Souza MJ. The effect of intracellular antioxidant delivery (catalase) on hydrogen peroxide and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis: a new therapeutic horizon. J Drug Target 2009; 17:710-8. [PMID: 19845487 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reactive oxygen species synthesized by endothelial cells may be responsible for cell damage and altered physiologic function. After endotoxin stimulation, free radicals including H(2)O(2) are produced. We have developed a method of intracellular drug delivery using albumin microcapsules. Catalase would be an excellent compound to alter H(2)O(2) production. However, the large molecular size of catalase limits cellular penetration. Endothelial cells have been previously shown to readily phagocytoze albumin microcapsules. METHODS Catalase was added to an albumin solution to form a 10% solution of catalase. Microspheres from 2 to 7 microm in size were formed using a Bucchi spray dryer. Human endothelial cells were incubated with varying concentrations of microencapsulated catalase. The cells were then exposed to Escherichia coli endotoxin to determine if increased intracellular penetration of catalase would inhibit H(2)O(2), nitrate, and cytokine synthesis. RESULTS There was a 7.2-fold increase in endothelial intracellular catalase after 48 h incubation. H(2)O(2) was inhibited by 72%, nitrate 96%, TNF 90%, IL1 21%, IL6 42%. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that inhibition of H(2)O(2) as a result of increased intracellular delivery of catalase inhibits proinflammatory cytokine synthesis after endotoxin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney C Siwale
- Mercer University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Angra PK, Oettinger C, Balakrishna Pai S, D’Souza MJ. Amphotericin B microspheres: A therapeutic approach to minimize toxicity while maintaining antifungal efficacy. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:580-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040902797516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
17
|
Uddin MN, Do DP, Pai SB, Gayakwad S, Oettinger CW, D'Souza MJ. A methodology for quantitation and characterization of oligonucleotides in albumin microspheres. Analyst 2009; 134:1483-9. [PMID: 19562219 DOI: 10.1039/b823554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence assay was developed to quantify oligonucleotides (ODNs) encapsulated in bovine serum albumin (BSA) microspheres using antisense to Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) as a model ODN and employing Oligreen as the fluorescent dye. Methodologies were optimized for the suspension of the microspheres as well as release of the encapsulated ODN using protease digestion. This was followed by the detection and quantitation of the ODN using the Oligreen dye. The Oligreen fluorescence assay gave a concentration-dependent fluorescent interaction with the ODN. Further characterization of the ODN with respect to their structural integrity in non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated antisense encapsulated in BSA microspheres was performed using HPLC, infrared spectroscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed no structural modification of antisense in the BSA microspheres as determined by HPLC retention times for the pure antisense and microsphere-encapsulated ODN. The migration pattern of the antisense in polyacrylamide gels confirmed the absence of significant alterations as a result of the encapsulation process or due to gamma-irradiation. The infrared spectra of non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated antisense to NF-kappaB microspheres also displayed peaks characteristic of the functional groups. The fluorescence assay could also detect NF-kappaB antisense in the serum of rats administered with encapsulated antisense by oral and intravenous routes. This methodology should be valuable for the analysis of BSA-encapsulated antisense ODN and for pharmacokinetic studies during antisense therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad N Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akhavein N, Oettinger CW, Gayakwad SG, Addo RT, Bejugam NK, Bauer JD, Do D, Pollock SH, D'souza MJ. Treatment of adjuvant arthritis using microencapsulated antisense NF-κB oligonucleotides. J Microencapsul 2008; 26:223-34. [PMID: 18666015 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802268691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides are promising new therapeutic agents used to selectively inhibit target genes such as Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), an important transcription factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate microencapsulated antisense oligonucleotides specific to NF-κB for in vitro efficacy and treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Oligonucleotide-loaded albumin microspheres were prepared and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology and release pattern. This study reports significant NF-κB inhibition in vitro after treatment with microencapsulated antisense oligonucleotides. Furthermore, microencapsulated antisense NF-κB oligonucleotides were found to inhibit paw inflammation associated with rat adjuvant-induced arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the results presented in this work described albumin microspheres to be effective delivery vehicles for antisense NF-κB oligonucleotides and a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Akhavein
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|