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Yue W, Jiang T, Ai Z, Deng E, Chai H, Li X, He H, Zhang Z, Weng N, Qin X, Fan J, Tang X, Heng W, Li Y, Sun L, Peng C, Xu H. US-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Long-term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors. Radiology 2024; 311:e231852. [PMID: 38625007 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Although favorable outcomes have been reported with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), the long-term efficacy remains insufficiently investigated. Purpose To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of US-guided percutaneous RFA in patients with SHPT undergoing dialysis and to identify possible predictors associated with treatment failure. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients with SHPT with at least one enlarged parathyroid gland accessible for RFA who were undergoing dialysis at seven tertiary centers from May 2013 to July 2022. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels less than or equal to 585 pg/mL at the end of follow-up. Secondary end points were the proportion of patients with normal calcium and phosphorus levels, the technical success rate, procedure-related complications, and improvement in self-rated hyperparathyroidism-related symptoms (0-3 ranking scale). The Wilcoxon signed rank test and generalized estimating equation model were used to evaluate treatment outcomes. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses identified variables associated with treatment failure (recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism). Results This study included 165 patients (median age, 51 years [IQR, 44-60 years]; 92 female) and 582 glands. RFA effectively reduced PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels, with targeted ranges achieved in 78.2% (129 of 165), 72.7% (120 of 165), and 60.0% (99 of 165) of patients, respectively, at the end of follow-up (mean, 51 months). For the RFA sessions, the technical success rate was 100% (214 of 214). Median symptom scores (ostealgia, arthralgia, pruritus) decreased (all P < .001). Regarding complications, only hypocalcemia (45.8%, 98 of 214) was common. Treatment failure occurred in 36 patients (recurrent [n = 5] or persistent [n = 31] hyperparathyroidism). The only potential independent predictor of treatment failure was having less than four treated glands (odds ratio, 17.18; 95% CI: 4.34, 67.95; P < .001). Conclusion US-guided percutaneous RFA was effective and safe in the long term as a nonsurgical alternative for patients with SHPT undergoing dialysis; the only potential independent predictor of treatment failure was a lower number (<4) of treated glands. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yue
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zisheng Ai
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Erya Deng
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huihui Chai
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongfeng He
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhengxian Zhang
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Weng
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiachuan Qin
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Fan
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Heng
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Li
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liping Sun
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chengzhong Peng
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- From the Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Zhong Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China (W.Y., T.J., E.D., H.C., L.S., C.P.); Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (Z.A.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.L., H.X.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China (H.H.); Departments of Ultrasound (Z.Z.) and Nephrology (N.W.), Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (X.Q.); Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital, Yiwu, China (J.F., X.T.); and Departments of Ultrasound (W.H.) and Nephrology (Y.L.), The First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
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