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Nakayama T, Miyata J, Inoue N, Ueki S. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: What we can learn from allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. Allergol Int 2023; 72:521-529. [PMID: 37442743 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) are inflammatory disorders of the respiratory tract resulting from type 1 and 3 hypersensitivity reactions against fungi. The hallmark features of both diseases are eosinophil infiltration into the airway mucosa caused by localized type 2 inflammation and concomitant viscid secretions in the airways. Eosinophilic mucin-induced compression of adjacent anatomic structures leads to bone erosion and central bronchiectasis in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, respectively. Although these diseases share common features in their pathogenesis, they also exhibit notable differences. Epidemiologic findings are diverse, with AFRS typically presenting at a younger age, exhibiting less complicated bronchial asthma, and displaying lower total immunoglobulin E levels in laboratory findings compared with ABPM. Furthermore, despite their similar pathogenesis, the rarity of sinio-bronchial allergic mycosis in both AFRS and ABPM underscores the distinctions between these two diseases. This review aims to clarify the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of AFRS and ABPM to determine what can be learned about AFRS from ABPM, where more is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhisa Nakayama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Jun Miyata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Inoue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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2
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Fernández-Caso B, Fraile AM, Rodríguez MS, Fernández I, Buendía B. [Fungal sinus infection by Schizophyllum commune: Report of two clinical cases]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2020; 37:65-67. [PMID: 32376274 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophyllum commune is a basidiomycete fungus which is widely distributed in nature. Its role as responsible for disease in humans is not well known, partly due to its difficult identification. The incorporation of mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI-TOF) and molecular biology to the laboratories has allowed the description of a greater number of cases. CASE REPORT In this paper, we present two cases in which S. commune was identified as the causative agent of disease: in the first case an immunocompetent patient suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis, and in the second one a sphenoid sinus infection was diagnosed in an immunocompromised patient. In both cases, S. commune was isolated. Its identification was possible by means of MALDI-TOF and this was confirmed in both patients by amplification and sequencing of the ITS region. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, S. commune should be considered a potential causative agent of fungal disease. Currently, MALDI-TOF and sequencing techniques are necessary for its identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Fernández-Caso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, España.
| | - Arturo Manuel Fraile
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Marta Soledad Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, España; Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, España; Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Buenaventura Buendía
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, España
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3
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Antony B, Prakash PY. Ulcerative cutaneous lesions in the plantar aspect of foot owing to
Schizophyllum commune. Int Wound J 2019; 16:1289-1293. [DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beena Antony
- Department of MicrobiologyFather Muller Medical College—Kankanady Mangalore India
| | - Peralam Y. Prakash
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Basic SciencesKasturba Medical College ‐ Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
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Tian L, Mu Y, Zhang H, Su X, Yang C, Shu X, Qing D. First report on cutaneous infectious granuloma caused by Schizophyllum commune. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:286. [PMID: 29940940 PMCID: PMC6019233 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycetous fungus, is a common invader of rotten wood. This fungus rarely causes mycotic disease in humans, especially cutaneous infection. In this paper, we describe the first case of cutaneous granuloma caused by S. commune in a Chinese woman. Case presentation A 25-year-old female with a two-year history of erythema, papules, nodules, and scales on her sole of left foot was presented to our outpatient center. Samples were obtained by the scraping of lesion and for light microscopy. Hyphae were observed by microscopic examination. We carried out a skin tissue biopsy, which showed multiple granulomatous nodules. Biopsy specimens were also inoculated onto media. After being cultured on SDA at 27 °C for 7 days, spreading-woolly-white colonies grew on the inoculation sites of media containing chloramphenicol only and there,s no other colonies grew. S. commune was identified by morphology methods, biochemical tests, and PCR sequencing. Pathological findings also aided in diagnosing cutaneous fungal granuloma. Oral itraconazole was applied. After 1 month of therapy, rashes on her left foot and pain were improved. Conclusion We describe the first case of cutaneous granuloma caused by Schizophyllum commune, which illustrates the importance of recognizing uncommon pathogenic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunzhu Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Baoan Central Hospital and the 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaocui Su
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianzhu Shu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Defu Qing
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Buzina W, Braun H, Freudenschuss K, Lackner A, Schimpl K, Stammberger H. Der BasidiomyzetSchizophyllum communein den Nasennebenhöhlen. Mycoses 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2003.tb00033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Buzina
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohren- Universitätsklinik Graz; Austria
| | - H. Braun
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohren- Universitätsklinik Graz; Austria
| | | | - A. Lackner
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohren- Universitätsklinik Graz; Austria
| | - K. Schimpl
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohren- Universitätsklinik Graz; Austria
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Liu X, Zou H, Chen QJ, Lu CM. Allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Schizophyllum commune. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 3:59-63. [PMID: 29204581 PMCID: PMC5683597 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) due to Schizophyllum commune was reported. The pathogen was identified using molecular bioanalysis. The patient underwent the functional endoscopic sinus surgery followed by the radical maxillary sinusotomy with canine fossa trephine. This case suggested that complete surgery allowed optimal disease clearance for AFS caused by Schizophyllum commune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
| | - Qiu-Jian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
| | - Chang-Ming Lu
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West YanJiang Rd, GuangZhou, GuangDong, 510120, PR China
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Schizophyllum radiatum, an Emerging Fungus from Human Respiratory Tract. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2491-7. [PMID: 27440814 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01170-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophyllum is an important genus of basidiomycetes that, apart from being of genetic and biotechnological interest, is also reported to be a plant and animal pathogen. Schizophyllum commune is the best-known species and the only one reported from clinical specimens thus far, being recovered mainly from the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine the species diversity of 23 clinical isolates of Schizophyllum from the United States using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and their in vitro susceptibilities to six drugs. The markers used for sequencing were the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), a portion of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA, the RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) gene. The analyses revealed that 22 of the clinical isolates were in the Schizophyllum radiatum clade with high support values and 1 isolate was in the S. commune clade. This is the first report of this species in clinical samples. The two species mentioned above showed very similar morphological features in culture (i.e., white, cottony, unsporulated colonies composed of hyphae with clamp connections), making morphological discrimination between the two impossible. An epitype is designed for S. radiatum, and its sequences have been deposited in GenBank. The antifungal that showed the greatest in vitro activity against the strains tested was shown to be amphotericin B. In general, the strains of S. radiatum showed higher MICs than S. commune.
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Michel J, Maubon D, Varoquaux DA, Boulze C, Normand AC, Righini CA, Piarroux R, Dessi P, Ranque S. Schizophyllum commune: an emergent or misdiagnosed fungal pathogen in rhinology? Med Mycol 2015; 54:301-9. [PMID: 26613704 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune is a common basidiomycete fungus that is rarely involved in human disease. The medical records of patients operated on for fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) in two University Hospitals between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. Within the two-year survey, six female, and notably no male, patients were diagnosed with S. commune rhinosinusitis. Mean age was 44.6 years at diagnosis (30 to 68 years). Mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8.5 months (2 to 12 months). All six patients were immunocompetent and had no particular host factor for FRS. S. commune was identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and identifications were confirmed via DNA sequence analysis. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis was diagnosed in three of our six patients. Based on histological findings, antifungal treatment was delivered in association with surgery. The basidiomycete fungus S. commune is an emerging cause of rhinosinusitis probably as a direct consequence of the recent technological progress in fungal identification methods (DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Michel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Danièle Maubon
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département des Agents Infectieux, CHU Grenoble and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Carole Boulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne Cécile Normand
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France
| | - Christian Adrien Righini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery CHU Grenoble and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France Aix-Marseille University, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13885 Marseilles, France
| | - Patrick Dessi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France Aix-Marseille University, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13885 Marseilles, France
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9
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Schizophillum commune causing sinusitis with nasal polyposis in the sub-Himalayan region: first case report and review. Mycopathologia 2013; 177:103-10. [PMID: 24318775 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophillum commune is an environmental fungus rarely causing human infections of diverse nature. Sinusitis occurs in immunocompromised persons and seldom in healthy subjects. Though easily isolated, the lack of awareness of its virulence is a bottleneck in the diagnosis of this infection. We report the first case of S. commune sinusitis with nasal polyps in an immunocompetent male from the sub-Himalayan region. The computerized tomography scan findings established the clinical diagnosis, and causative agent was confirmed as S. commune. A white, woolly mold with septate, hyaline hyphae and characteristic spicules but unclamped connections suggested a monokaryotic isolate. Patient was treated successfully with fiberoptic endoscopic sinus surgery, and no antifungal therapy was instituted. There was no recurrence at review after 1 year.
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Clinical significance and molecular characterization of nonsporulating molds isolated from the respiratory tracts of bronchopulmonary mycosis patients with special reference to basidiomycetes. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3331-7. [PMID: 23903552 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01486-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsporulating molds (NSMs), especially basidiomycetes, have predominantly been reported as human pathogens responsible for allergic and invasive disease. Their conventional identification is problematic, as many isolates remain sterile in culture. Thus, inconclusive culture reports might adversely affect treatment decisions. The clinical significance of NSMs in pulmonary mycoses is poorly understood. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domain of the larger subunit (LSU) of 52 NSMs isolated from respiratory specimens. The basidiomycetes were the predominant NSMs, of which Schizophyllum commune was the most common agent in allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM), followed by Ceriporia lacerata in invasive fungal disease. Porostereum spadiceum, Phanaerochaete stereoides, Neosartorya fischeri, and Marasmiellus palmivorus were the other molds observed. Application of ITS and LSU region sequencing identified 92% of the isolates. The antifungal susceptibility data revealed that all basidiomycetes tested were susceptible to amphotericin B and resistant to caspofungin, fluconazole, and flucytosine. Except for 3 isolates of S. commune and a solitary isolate of M. palmivorus, all basidiomycetes had low MICs for itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with ABPM, invasive pulmonary mycosis/pneumonia, or fungal balls. In addition, the majority of the basidiomycetes were isolated from patients with chronic respiratory disorders who were sensitized to one of the basidiomycetous fungi and demonstrated precipitating antibodies against the incriminating fungi, indicating an indolent tissue reaction. Thus, isolation of basidiomycetes from the lower respiratory tract could be significant, and it is important to monitor these patients in order to prevent subsequent lung damage.
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Molecular characterization and in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Schizophyllum commune, an emerging basidiomycete in bronchopulmonary mycoses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2845-8. [PMID: 23507274 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02619-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune (n = 30) showed lowest geometric mean MICs of isavuconazole (0.19 μg/ml), itraconazole (0.2 μg/ml), voriconazole (0.24 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (0.29 μg/ml) and high geometric mean MICs of fluconazole (19.39 μg/ml) and flucytosine (17.28 μg/ml). Five cases (of 8) of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis that were treated with itraconazole had no recrudescence after 6 to 24 months of follow-up. One case each of invasive pulmonary mycosis and fungal ball were treated successfully with voriconazole and itraconazole.
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Chowdhary A, Agarwal K, Kathuria S, Gaur SN, Randhawa HS, Meis JF. Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis due to fungi other than Aspergillus: a global overview. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 40:30-48. [PMID: 23383677 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.754401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) is a hypersensitivity-mediated disease of worldwide distribution. We reviewed 143 reported global cases of ABPM due to fungi other than aspergilli. The commonest etiologic agent was Candida albicans, reported in 60% of the cases, followed by Bipolaris species (13%), Schizophyllum commune (11%), Curvularia species (8%), Pseudallescheria boydii species complex (3%) and rarely, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium vasinfectum, Penicillium species, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Stemphylium languinosum, Rhizopus oryzae, C. glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichosporon beigelii. India accounted for about 47% of the globally reported cases of ABPM, attributed predominantly to C. albicans, followed by Japan (16%) where S. commune predominates, and the remaining one-third from the USA, Australia and Europe. Notably, bronchial asthma was present in only 32% of ABPM cases whereas its association with development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is known to be much more frequent. The cases reviewed herein revealed a median IgE value threefold higher than that of ABPA, suggesting that the etiologic agents of ABPM incite a stronger immunological response than that by aspergilli in ABPA. ABPM is currently underdiagnosed, warranting comprehensive basic and clinical studies in order to elucidate its epidemiology and to devise a more effective therapy.
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Nazeri M, Mohammadi Ardehali M, Moazeni M, Jamal Hashemi S, Fallahi AA, Ehteram H, Rezaie S. A case of fungus ball type pansinusitis caused by Schizophillum commune. Med Mycol Case Rep 2012; 1:115-8. [PMID: 24371755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophillum commune has been increasingly reported from allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) as well as fungus ball, brain abscess and several cases of maxillary or allergic fungal sinusitis. In the present study, we reported a case of fungus ball type pansinusitis from a 32-year-old woman in Iran. According to computed tomography (CT) scan, fungus ball type pan-sinusitis was likely to be the first diagnosis. Mycological examination revealed hyaline hyphae with small projection and also clamp connection structures on PDA medium. To identify the obtained isolate properly, molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region was performed and indicated that the causing agent of the infection is surely Schizophillum commune. The patient completely recovered after surgical endoscopic operation and consequent post-operation MRI revealed clearance of sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nazeri
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohammadi Ardehali
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Amir Alam Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moazeni
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Fallahi
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 88 Italy St., Keshavarz Blv., P.O. Box 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
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Won EJ, Shin JH, Lim SC, Shin MG, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Molecular identification of Schizophyllum commune as a cause of allergic fungal sinusitis. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:375-9. [PMID: 22950076 PMCID: PMC3427828 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.5.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycetous fungus, rarely causes disease in humans. We report a rare case of allergic fungal sinusitis caused by S. commune in a 14-yr-old girl. The patient presented with nasal obstruction and a purulent nasal discharge. Materials obtained during endoscopic surgery of the frontal recess revealed allergic mucin and a few fungal hyphae. A potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture from the allergic mucin yielded a rapidly growing white woolly mold. Although no distinctive features including hyphae bearing spicules or a clamp connection were present, the case isolate disclosed compatible mycological features including growth at 37℃, susceptibility to cycloheximide, and production of a tart and disagreeable smell. S. commune was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 regions of the 26S ribosomal DNA. We believe this is the first report of allergic fungal sinusitis caused by S. commune in Korea. Moreover, this report highlights the value of gene sequencing as an identification tool for non-sporulating isolates of S. commune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Chowdhary A, Randhawa HS, Gaur SN, Agarwal K, Kathuria S, Roy P, Klaassen CH, Meis JF. Schizophyllum commune as an emerging fungal pathogen: a review and report of two cases. Mycoses 2012; 56:1-10. [PMID: 22524529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report Schizophyllum commune as the aetiological agent of one case each of allergic broncho-pulmonary mycosis (ABPM) and pulmonary fungal ball, and present a literature review. The fungus was characterised by clamp connections, hyphal spicules, and formation of basidiocarps with basidiospores. The phenotypic identification was confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. To-date, ABPM and pulmonary fungal ball to S. commune have been reported exclusively from Japan and North America respectively. Of the 71 globally reported cases due to S. commune, 45 (63%) were bronchopulmonary, 22 (31%) sinusitis and 4 extrapulmonary. Taken together, cases of bronchopulmonary disease and sinusitis numbered 67 (94%), indicating the respiratory tract as the primary target of disease. Concerning the country-wise distribution, Japan topped the list with 33 cases (46%), followed by Iran - 7 cases (10%), U.S.A. - 6 cases (9%), and a lower prevalence of 1.4-6% for the remaining 12 countries. The preponderance of the disease in Japan may be attributed to its greater awareness vis-à-vis that in other countries rather than to any geographical/climatic factors. We believe that the burden of S. commune-incited disease is currently underestimated, warranting comprehensive prospective studies to determine its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chowdhary
- Departments of Medical Mycology Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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16
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Swain B, Panigrahy R, Panigrahi D. Schizophyllum commune sinusitis in an immunocompetent host. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 29:439-42. [PMID: 22120814 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.90194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune is widely distributed in the nature, but it rarely causes human infection. We have isolated this mould in a 46-year-old immunocompetent, non-diabetic patient with chronic sinusitis, previously treated with multiple antibiotics and topical steroid nasal drops with no response. Materials obtained from the nasal sinus during the endoscopic surgery, on KOH mount and histopathological study revealed broad septed hyaline hyphae. Growth on the Sabouraud's dextrose agar and potato dextrose agar produced white moulds with microscopic and macroscopic characters of S. commune. Till date there are few reports of S. commune sinusitis in immunocompetent individuals Worldwide. This is the first reported case in India to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Swain
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Gari-Toussaint M, Lachaud L, Pihet M, Rispail P, Castillo L, Crampette L, Bouchara JP. Sinusite récidivante due à Schizophyllum commune . À propos de deux nouveaux cas. J Mycol Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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Schizophyllum commune a causative agent of fungal sinusitis: a case report. Case Rep Infect Dis 2011; 2011:821259. [PMID: 22567479 PMCID: PMC3336245 DOI: 10.1155/2011/821259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of maxillary sinusitis caused by Schizophyllum commune, in a 50-year-old female. The patient presented with nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge from right side of the nose, cough, headache, and sneezing. Computed tomography revealed extensive opacity of the right maxillary sinus as well as erosion of the nasal wall and maxillary bone. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was done, and fungal debris present on right side of the maxillary sinus was removed and sent to laboratory. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination of the nasal discharge showed hyaline, septate hyphae. Primary isolation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) yielded a white woolly mould. Banana peel culture after 8 weeks showed macroscopically visible fan-shaped fruiting bodies. Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount of the same revealed hyaline septate hyphae, often with clamp connections. Identification was confirmed by the presence of clamp connections formed on the hyphae and by vegetative compatibility with known isolates.
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19
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Brockus CW, Myers RK, Crandell JM, Sutton DA, Wickes BL, Nakasone KK. Disseminated Oxyporus corticola infection in a German shepherd dog. Med Mycol 2010; 47:862-8. [PMID: 19468930 DOI: 10.3109/13693780902962267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous basidiomycetous fungus, Oxyporus corticola, has not previously been reported in the human or veterinary medical literature. Identification of this organism as the etiologic agent of fungal osteomyelitis and multiorgan dissemination in a German shepherd dog was confirmed by comparison of ITS and D1/D2 sequences with known isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Brockus
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Reno, Nevada 89511, USA.
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Mori T, Seki A, Kano R, Sakai H, Nakagawa M, Hasegawa A, Maruo K. Mycotic osteomyelitis caused by Schizophyllum commune in a dog. Vet Rec 2009; 165:350-1. [PMID: 19767641 DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.12.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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21
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Pulmonary nodules caused by Schizophyllum commune after cardiac transplantation. J Infect 2008; 58:164-7. [PMID: 19100626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pulmonary nodules after cardiac transplantation is not uncommon, and prompt diagnostic procedures are necessary to minimize disease-related morbidity and mortality. We report a 56-year-old woman who was found to have bilateral pulmonary nodules four months after cardiac transplantation. The microorganism was identified with a molecular diagnostic method as Schizophyllum commune, which had not been reported in English literature as a pathogen inducing pulmonary nodules after transplantation. She remained asymptomatic during the therapeutic period and the pulmonary nodules resolved six months later.
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22
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Sutton DA, Thompson EH, Rinaldi MG, Iwen PC, Nakasone KK, Jung HS, Rosenblatt HM, Paul ME. Identification and first report of Inonotus (Phellinus) tropicalis as an etiologic agent in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:982-7. [PMID: 15695724 PMCID: PMC548074 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.2.982-987.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although isolates of filamentous basidiomycetes can usually be recognized in a clinical laboratory setting, identification is problematic, as they seldom exhibit diagnostic morphological features formed in nature. This paper is the first report of Inonotus (Phellinus) tropicalis inciting human disease and describes the methods used to support the identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sutton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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23
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Tang P, Mohan S, Sigler L, Witterick I, Summerbell R, Campbell I, Mazzulli T. Allergic fungal sinusitis associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:5333-6. [PMID: 14605198 PMCID: PMC262478 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.11.5333-5336.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2003] [Revised: 07/18/2003] [Accepted: 08/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a patient with a history of atopy and asthma. A Gram stain of a sinus biopsy specimen was initially thought to contain yeast cells, but when Trichoderma was recovered in culture, these cells were subsequently recognized as chlamydospores. The patient was successfully managed with a combination of sinus lavage, oral corticosteroids, itraconazole, and allergen immunotherapy. This case also points out that careful scrutiny of direct smears is required to ensure that fungal structures are not misinterpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Polak A. Antifungal therapy--state of the art at the beginning of the 21st century. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2003; Spec No:59-190. [PMID: 12675476 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7974-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant information on the present state of the art of antifungal chemotherapy is reviewed in this chapter. For dermatomycoses a variety of topical antifungals are available, and safe and efficacious systemic treatment, especially with the fungicidal drug terbinafine, is possible. The duration of treatment can be drastically reduced. Substantial progress in the armamentarium of drugs for invasive fungal infections has been made, and a new class of antifungals, echinocandins, is now in clinical use. The following drugs in oral and/or intravenous formulations are available: the broad spectrum polyene amphotericin B with its new "clothes"; the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole; the glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin; and the combination partner flucytosine. New therapy schedules have been studied; combination therapy has found a significant place in the treatment of severely compromised patients, and the field of prevention and empiric therapy is fast moving. Guidelines exist nowadays for the treatment of various fungal diseases and maintenance therapy. New approaches interfering with host defenses or pathogenicity of fungal cells are being investigated, and molecular biologists are looking for new targets studying the genomics of pathogenic fungi.
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25
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Surmont I, Van Aelst F, Verbanck J, De Hoog GS. A pulmonary infection caused by Coprinus cinereus (Hormographiella aspergillata) diagnosed after a neutropenic episode. Med Mycol 2002; 40:217-9. [PMID: 12058736 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.40.2.217.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a patient treated for a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a lung abscess caused by Hormographiella aspergillata (stat. anamorph. Coprinus cinereus) was diagnosed using an ultrasound-guided puncture of the lesion. The patient appeared to respond to amphotericin B, but at the same time was also recovering from her neutropenic episode. The extent to which each of these two factors explains the complete resolution of the infection is unclear. Expert classical morphological examination and molecular typing methods were needed to identify this filamentous basidiomycetous fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Surmont
- Department of Microbiology, Heilig Hartziekenhuis, Roeselare, Belgium.
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26
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Buzina W, Lang-Loidolt D, Braun H, Freudenschuss K, Stammberger H. Development of molecular methods for identification of Schizophyllum commune from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2391-6. [PMID: 11427544 PMCID: PMC88160 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.7.2391-2396.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 50 years, to our knowledge, only 16 cases of diseases caused by Schizophyllum commune in humans have been reported. Within only 6 months, we found four isolates of this basidiomycetous fungus, obtained from patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. The cultures of the isolated fungi showed neither clamp connections nor fruiting bodies (basidiocarps), which are distinctive features for S. commune, but fast-growing cottony white mycelium only. This was harvested, and DNA was extracted. The internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified with fungus-specific primers, and the PCR products were sequenced. Two strains of S. commune, collected from branches of a European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and a tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), respectively; four specimens from the herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Karl-Franzens-University Graz; and two strains from internationally known culture collections (CBS 340.81 [ATCC 44201] and CBS 405.96) were investigated in the same way. The sequence data of all strains were compared and showed homology of over 99% in this 660-bp-long fragment of rDNA. With these results, a map of restriction enzyme cutting sites and a primer set specific for S. commune were created for reliable identification of this human pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Buzina
- ENT University Hospital, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26-28, A 8036 Graz, Austria.
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González GM, Sutton DA, Thompson E, Tijerina R, Rinaldi MG. In vitro activities of approved and investigational antifungal agents against 44 clinical isolates of basidiomycetous fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:633-5. [PMID: 11158771 PMCID: PMC90343 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.2.633-635.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole was evaluated against 44 clinical isolates of filamentous basidiomycetous fungi. No statistically significant differences were noted between Schizophyllum commune (n = 5), Coprinus species (n = 8), Bjerkandera adusta (n = 14), and sterile, uncharacterized basidiomycetes (n = 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- G M González
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Approximately 300 fungal species are known to cause mycotic disease in humans and other animals. More than 50 of these species are documented as agents of rhinosinusitis. Most such infections are caused by species of Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Bipolaris, and Curvularia. A growing number, however, has been attributed to lesser known fungi. Here, 38 fungi that are unusual causes of rhinosinusitis are tabulated and referenced in conjunction with their associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Schell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Sigler L, Bartley JR, Parr DH, Morris AJ. Maxillary sinusitis caused by medusoid form of Schizophyllum commune. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3395-8. [PMID: 10488217 PMCID: PMC85581 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.10.3395-3398.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of maxillary sinusitis in a diabetic female caused by the basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune. Identification of the isolate was hampered by its atypical features. Subcultures formed sterile medusoid structures from nonclamped mycelia until spontaneous dikaryotization resulted in the development of characteristic fan-shaped fruiting bodies. Identification was confirmed by the presence of spicules formed on the hyphae and by vegetative compatibility with known isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sigler
- The University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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