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Roland M, Rudberg AS, Alexanderson K, Sjöstrand C. Sickness absence and disability pension patterns before and after ischemic stroke: A Swedish longitudinal cohort study with matched references. Eur Stroke J 2024:23969873241261011. [PMID: 38877713 DOI: 10.1177/23969873241261011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was to determine ischemic stroke patients' sickness absence and disability pension before and after stroke, and compare these to that of matched references. PATIENTS AND METHODS All working-aged individuals (aged 18-61) in Sweden with incident ischemic stroke in year 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015, respectively, and five population-based matched references to each stroke patient. Each cohort was followed 1 year prior stroke and 3 years after. We calculated rates and mean days of sickness absence and disability pension among stroke patients and references and computed trajectories of absence days with predictors of high sickness absence and disability pension. RESULTS Number of patients with incident ischemic stroke in 2000 (N = 2728), 2005 (N = 2738), 2010 (N = 2767), and 2015 (N = 2531). Mean stroke age was 53 years and rate of men was 64%. Mortality rate within 12 months after stroke date decreased from 8.1% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2015. Sickness absence for patients was 31.1% in the year prior their stroke, versus 13.7% for references, both groups mainly due to mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses. Factors associated with future high mean number of sickness absence and disability pension days were elementary educational level; adjusted OR (CI) 3.47(2.38-5.05), being single; 1.67(1.29-2.16), female sex 1.72(1.31-2.26), diabetes; 1.86(1.18-2.92), and aged >50; 2.25(1.69-2.98). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Ischemic stroke patients have more absence days compared to matched references even before the stroke, mainly related to mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses. Future research should address the impact of efficient stroke treatment on sickness absence and disability pension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihae Roland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Rudberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Sjöstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Differences in self-perceived general health, pain, and depression 1 to 5 years post-stroke related to work status at 1 year. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13251. [PMID: 32764611 PMCID: PMC7413535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common diseases and has several potential consequences, such as psychological problems and pain. Return to work (RTW) after stroke in working-age individuals is incomplete. The present study aimed to investigate differences in self-perceived general health, pain, and depression between 1 and 5 years post-stroke related to RTW status. The study was nationwide, registry-based and the study population (n = 398) consisted of working-age people who had a stroke in 2011 and participated in 1-year and 5-year follow-up questionnaire surveys. Shift analyses with the Wilcoxon signed rank test and logistic regression were used. RTW within the first year post-stroke was associated with better self-perceived general health, less pain, and less depression both at 1 and 5 years post-stroke, compared with the no-RTW group. However, the RTW group had significant deterioration in general health and pain between 1 and 5 years, while the no-RTW group had no significant change. RTW was a significant predictor of lower odds of improvement in general health and pain between 1 and 5 years. This emphasizes the need for continued follow-up and support to ensure a balance between work and health for RTW individuals after stroke.
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Lallukka T, Ervasti J, Lundström E, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Friberg E, Virtanen M, Alexanderson K. Trends in Diagnosis-Specific Work Disability Before and After Stroke: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Sweden. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.006991. [PMID: 29301760 PMCID: PMC5778961 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Although a stroke event often leads to work disability, diagnoses behind work disability before and after stroke are largely unknown. We examined the pre‐event and postevent trends in diagnosis‐specific work disability among patients of working age. Methods and Results We included all new nonfatal stroke events in 2006–2008 from population‐based hospital registers in Sweden among women and men aged 25 to 60 years (n=12 972). Annual days of diagnosis‐specific work disability were followed for 4 years before and after stroke. Repeated measures negative binomial regression models using the generalized estimating equations method were fitted to examine trends in diagnosis‐specific work disability before and after the event. Already during the 4 pre‐event years, work disability attributed to circulatory diseases increased among women (rate ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.68–2.36) and men (rate ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–2.57). Increasing trends before stroke were also found for work disability attributed to mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, neoplasms, diseases of the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems, injuries, and diabetes mellitus. As expected, a sharp increase in work disability days attributed to circulatory diseases was found during the first year after the event among both sexes. Overall, during 4 years after the stroke, there was a decreasing trend for circulatory diseases and injuries, whereas the trend was increasing for nervous diseases and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Work disability attributed to several mental and somatic diagnoses is higher already before a stroke event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland .,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Lundström
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Friberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ervasti J, Virtanen M, Lallukka T, Friberg E, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Lundström E, Alexanderson K. Permanent work disability before and after ischaemic heart disease or stroke event: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017910. [PMID: 28965101 PMCID: PMC5640121 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the risk of disability pension before and after ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke event, the burden of stroke compared with IHD and which factors predicted disability pension after either event. DESIGN A population-based cohort study with follow-up 5 years before and after the event. Register data were analysed with general linear modelling with binary and Poisson distributions including interaction tests for event type (IHD/stroke). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All people living in Sweden, aged 25‒60 years at the first event year, who had been living in Sweden for 5 years before the event and had no indication of IHD or stroke prior to the index event in 2006‒2008 were included, except for cases in which death occurred within 30 days of the event. People with both IHD and stroke were excluded, resulting in 18 480 cases of IHD (65%) and 9750 stroke cases (35%). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Disability pension. RESULTS Of those going to suffer IHD or stroke event, 25% were already on disability pension a year before the event. The adjusted OR for disability pension at first postevent year was 2.64-fold (95% CI 2.25 to 3.11) for people with stroke compared with IHD. Economic inactivity predicted disability pension regardless of event type (OR=3.40; 95% CI 2.85 to 4.04). Comorbid mental disorder was associated with the greatest risk (OR=3.60; 95% CI 2.69 to 4.83) after an IHD event. Regarding stroke, medical procedure, a proxy for event severity, was the largest contributor (OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.60). CONCLUSIONS While IHD event was more common, stroke involved more permanent work disability. Demographic, socioeconomic and comorbidity-related factors were associated with disability pension both before and after the event. The results help occupational and other healthcare professionals to identify vulnerable groups at risk for permanent labour market exclusion after such an event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ervasti
- Research and Service Centre of Occupational Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Research and Service Centre of Occupational Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Research and Service Centre of Occupational Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilie Friberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Lundström
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Westerlind E, Persson HC, Sunnerhagen KS. Return to Work after a Stroke in Working Age Persons; A Six-Year Follow Up. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169759. [PMID: 28061507 PMCID: PMC5218734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is one of the most common and resource intensive diseases for society. Stroke in the working age population is increasing in different parts of the world. An incomplete return to work (RTW) after sick leave post stroke entails negative consequences for the affected person and an economical burden for society. The aim of this study was to explore the RTW rate and factors associated with RTW in a six-year follow up post stroke. METHODS Data from 174 persons 63 years or younger, with first ever stroke in 2009-2010 in Gothenburg were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were collected through medical records and the Swedish Health Insurance Office provided information on sick leave up to 6 years post stroke. Time-to-event was presented and cox regression as well as logistic regression were used to analyze risk factors for no-RTW. RESULTS The RTW rate was 74.7%, at the end of follow up. Participants continued to RTW until just over 3 years post stroke. Dependency at discharge (in the modified Rankin Scale) and sick leave prior to the stroke were significant risk factors for no-RTW after 1 year with odds ratio 4.595 and 3.585, respectively. The same factors were significant in time-to-event within six years post stroke with hazard ratio 2.651 and 1.929, respectively. CONCLUSIONS RTW after a stroke is incomplete, however RTW is possible over a longer period of time than previously thought. More severe disability at discharge from hospital and sick leave prior to the stroke were shown to be risk factors for no-RTW. This knowledge can contribute to more individualized vocational rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Westerlind
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanna C. Persson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina S. Sunnerhagen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mantel Ä, Holmqvist M, Nyberg F, Tornling G, Frisell T, Alfredsson L, Askling J. Risk Factors for the Rapid Increase in Risk of Acute Coronary Events in Patients With New-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nested Case-Control Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2845-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fredrik Nyberg
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and AstraZeneca Research and Development; Mölndal Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Johan Askling
- Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Singh-Manoux A, Kivimäki M, Sjösten N, Ferrie JE, Nabi H, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Oksanen T, Vahtera J. Lost work days in the 6 years leading to premature death from cardiovascular disease in men and women. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:689-93. [PMID: 20444450 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether individuals experience specific patterns of morbidity prior to premature death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS We examined morbidity levels in the 6 years leading up to death from CVD in 37,397 men and 113,198 women under 65 years of age from the Finnish Public Sector study, with a particular focus on gender differences. Morbidity was assessed using lost days from work, extracted from register data on sickness leave and disability pension. Data on cause-specific mortality were obtained from national health registers. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, there were 361 CVD deaths (174 from ischaemic heart disease (ICD9 410-414, 427.5; ICD10 I21-I25, I46), 91 from stroke (ICD9 430, 431, 434; ICD10 I60-I60, I61, I63), and 96 from other diseases of circulatory system (ICD9 390-459; ICD10 I00-I99)). Women had lower morbidity than men over the 6 years preceding stroke deaths (RR for mean annual days=0.33 (95% CI 0.14-0.78)). For other causes of CVD mortality, there were no gender differences in morbidity rates prior to death. In men, those who died from CVD had substantially greater morbidity levels than matched controls through the entire 6-year period preceding death (rate ratio=3.59; 95% confidence interval 2.62-4.93). Among women, morbidity days were greater particularly in the year preceding death from stroke. CONCLUSION Our results on working age men and women suggest no gender differences in morbidity prior to death from heart disease and lower morbidity in women prior to death from stroke. These findings challenge the widespread belief that women experience more morbidity symptoms than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh-Manoux
- INSERM, U1018, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bât 15/16, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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