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Duan Y, Tang HX. Efficacy of enhanced extracorporeal counterpulsation combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:1027-1036. [PMID: 38186722 PMCID: PMC10768497 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral apoplexy patients are prone to cognitive impairment, and it is very important to choose appropriate treatment methods to improve their cognitive impairment after stroke. AIM To evaluate the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) in conjunction with atorvastatin on cognitive function, neurotransmitter levels, and the repair of brain tissue damage in patients with cognitive impairment due to stroke. METHODS In this retrospective study, data from 60 patients with poststroke cognitive impairment due to stroke who were treated in our hospital from February 2021 to July 2022 were analyzed and divided into a treatment group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) according to the different nursing methods applied. Patients in the treatment group received EECP in addition to atorvastatin, while those in the control group received atorvastatin alone. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and activities of daily living (ADL) scale scores were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the two groups were compared in terms of serum acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) in the serum. Blood flow measurements from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of each artery were determined. RESULTS MMSE, MoCA, and ADL scores all improved in both groups following treatment, with the study group showing more improvement than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, there were statistically significant increases in both ACh and NO levels, whereas decreases occurred in AChE, ET-1, β2-MG, VILIP-1, and GFAP, levels and the PI and RI of the left-ACA, right-ACA, left-MCA, right-MCA, left-PCA, and right-PCA. The study group showed greater gains in all metrics than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EECP combined with atorvastatin is effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke and can effectively improve the cognitive function, neurotransmitter levels, and brain tissue damage status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-Xia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
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Wu P, He B, Li X, Zhang H. Roles of microRNA-124 in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1298508. [PMID: 38034588 PMCID: PMC10687822 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1298508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent global cause of mortality due to the limited availability of effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disorder. An effective molecular biomarker may contribute to determining the prognosis and promoting the therapeutic efficiency of TBI. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is most abundantly expressed in the brain and exerts different biological effects in a variety of diseases by regulating pathological processes of apoptosis and proliferation. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated the association between miR-124 and TBI, but there is still a lack of relevant literature to summarize the current evidence on this topic. Based on this review, we found that miR-124 was involved as a regulatory factor in cell apoptosis and proliferation, and was also strongly related with the pathophysiological development of TBI. MiR-124 played an essential role in TBI by interacting with multiple biomolecules and signaling pathways, such as JNK, VAMP-3, Rela/ApoE, PDE4B/mTOR, MDK/TLR4/NF-κB, DAPK1/NR2B, JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Ras/MEK/Erk. The potential benefits of upregulating miR-124 in facilitating TBI recovery have been identified. The advancement of miRNA nanocarrier system technology presents an opportunity for miR-124 to emerge as a novel therapeutic target for TBI. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the role of miR-124 in TBI necessitate further investigation. Additionally, comprehensive large-scale studies are required to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-124 as a therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s hospital of Kunshan, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s hospital of Kunshan, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Wu Y, Abner EL, Conley C, Smoot MK, Hosey R, Kaiser K, Lovell MA. Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel Point of Care Diagnostic Device for Sports-Related Concussion. Clin J Sport Med 2022; 32:623-626. [PMID: 36315821 PMCID: PMC9631330 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) is a neuron-specific calcium sensor protein rapidly released into blood after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and may be a suitable biomarker for identification of sports-related concussion (SRC). The objective of the study is to test if quantification of a specific post-translationally modified (ubiquitinated) form of VILIP-1 (ubVILIP-1) from a fingerstick blood sample using a point of care (POC) lateral flow device (LFD) can be used to rapidly identify athletes with SRC. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Side-line blood collection at football, soccer, and volleyball games/practices. PARTICIPANTS Division I athletes with/without SRC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood ubVILIP-1 concentrations. RESULTS Data collected over 2 athletic seasons from non-SRC athletes (controls) show a small but statistically significant elevation of ubVILIP-1 over an individual season for male athletes (P = 0.02) dependent on sport (P = 0.014) and no significant changes in ubVILIP-1 levels between seasons. For SRC athletes, the data show ubVILIP-1 levels substantially increase above baseline as soon as 30 minutes postdiagnosis with peak concentrations and times postinjury that vary based on injury severity. CONCLUSION Results of the study suggest quantification of blood ubVILIP-1 levels measured using an LFD may provide an objective identification of athletes with SRC, setting the stage for further study with a larger number of SRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
| | - Caitlin Conley
- College of Medicine Orthopedics Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
| | - M. Kyle Smoot
- College of Medicine Orthopedics Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
| | - Robert Hosey
- College of Medicine Orthopedics Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
| | - Kim Kaiser
- College of Medicine Orthopedics Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
| | - Mark A. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
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Krausz AD, Korley FK, Burns MA. The Current State of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarker Measurement Methods. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:319. [PMID: 34562909 PMCID: PMC8469272 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality partially due to the limited tools available for diagnosis and classification. Measuring panels of protein biomarkers released into the bloodstream after injury has been proposed to diagnose TBI, inform treatment decisions, and monitor the progression of the injury. Being able to measure these protein biomarkers at the point-of-care would enable assessment of TBIs from the point-of-injury to the patient's hospital bedside. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of devices reported in the academic literature and available on the market that have been designed to measure TBI protein biomarkers in various biofluids and contexts. We also assess the challenges associated with TBI biomarker measurement devices and suggest future research directions to encourage translation of these devices to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse D. Krausz
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frederick K. Korley
- Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Circulating MicroRNAs and Novel Proteins as Potential Biomarkers of Neurological Complications after Heart Bypass Surgery. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143091. [PMID: 34300256 PMCID: PMC8303535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative recovery can be impaired by many conditions, some of which are difficult to diagnose clinically. These include type 2 neurological complications such as hypoactive subtype of postoperative delirium (PD) and early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (ePOCD). Hope for their timely detection may lie with novel biomarkers. Plasma concentrations of microRNA-1-3p, microRNA-21-5p, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuroserpin (NSP), phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H (pNfH) and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) were investigated in 30 patients undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Blood samples were collected at the start and end of a surgery as well as 24 h postoperatively. Associations between the studied biomarkers’ perioperative expression and type 2 neurological complications were analyzed. PD was associated with postoperative expression of GFAP; ePOCD was associated with postoperative expression of microRNA-21-5p and GFAP as well as intraoperative expression of NSP. The predictive accuracy of these molecules was found acceptable, with all their areas under the curve (AUC) values above 0.7. Multivariable regression indicated that microRNA-21-5p, GFAP and NSP were the only significant predictors of ePOCD. Evaluation of a multi-marker model including these three molecules revealed its outstanding predictive accuracy for ePOCD (AUC = 0.95). The use of microRNA-21-5p, GFAP and NSP for monitoring postoperative recovery warrants further research considering their potential to predict PD and ePOCD.
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Tan Z, Jiang J, Tian F, Peng J, Yang Z, Li S, Long X. Serum Visinin-Like Protein 1 Is a Better Biomarker Than Neuron-Specific Enolase for Seizure-Induced Neuronal Injury: A Prospective and Observational Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:567587. [PMID: 33071949 PMCID: PMC7544981 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.567587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) is an established biomarker of neuronal injury. The levels of serum VILIP-1, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) were measured to investigate potential of VILIP-1 as a biomarker for seizure-induced neuronal injury, and the correlation of VILIP-1 with severity of epilepsy and blood-brain barrier dysfunction were investigated. Materials and Methods: Patient with epilepsy from 14 to 70 years of age and age-, sex-matched healthy subjects were involved in this study. All blood sample of patients were collected within 3–72 h after the seizure. The severity of epilepsy and levels of serum VILIP-1, NSE and CAV-1 were measured. Accuracy of VILIP-1 and NSE was obtained from receiver operating curve analyses. Associations between VILIP-1 and severity of epilepsy, VILIP-1 and CAV-1 were investigated. Results: A total of 58 patients and 29 healthy control subjects were included in our study. The levels of serum VILIP-1, NSE, and CAV-1 in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. VILIP-1 has higher and significant accuracy for assessing seizure-induced neuronal injury compared with NSE. VILIP-1 levels were positively associated with severity of epilepsy and CAV-1 in patients with epilepsy. Conclusions: VILIP-1 may be a better serum biomarker than NSE for assessing seizure-induced neuronal injury and even brain injury caused by various pathological condition. Further studies are required to explore the clinical contribution of VILIP-1 in diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcome assessments of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheren Tan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianlin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fafa Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Popiołek AK, Chyrek-Tomaszewska A, Stachowicz-Karpińska A, Bieliński MK, Borkowska A. Biochemical Parameters in Cognitive Functions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2479-2489. [PMID: 33149589 PMCID: PMC7602911 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s267673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common disease. Many studies attempt to explain the mechanisms of these dysfunctions formation, including correlations between cognitive functions and biochemical parameters. Scientists search for substances that would be indicators of cognitive functions and which could be determined in the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of the subjects. To date, they have isolated a few of such substances; however, research on their specificity, validity and the possibility of their use in diagnostics and prognostic assessment is still ongoing. However, there have been only few reports in the literature systematizing the existing knowledge on this subject, and they are mostly related to Alzheimer's disease, not cognition in general, or referring only to a specific group of substances. This article discusses the most important biochemical exponents of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Katarzyna Popiołek
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chyrek-Tomaszewska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stachowicz-Karpińska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Kazimierz Bieliński
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Szwed K, Słomka A, Pawliszak W, Szwed M, Anisimowicz L, Żekanowska E, Borkowska A. Novel Markers for Predicting Type 2 Neurologic Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 110:599-607. [PMID: 31863758 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 neurologic complications of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) include postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium. Although relevant clinically, they are rarely properly recognized outside of dedicated research setting, as their identification is complex and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic potential of 4 novel brain-injury biomarkers for predicting these sequelae at the completion of off-pump CABG. METHODS A total of 100 consecutive patients scheduled for elective isolated off-pump CABG were enrolled. Control group of patients without neurological complications (n = 48) was compared separately to study groups diagnosed with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (n = 39) and delirium (n = 26). Serum concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuroserpin, phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H, and visinin-like protein 1 were evaluated at baseline, end of surgery, as well as on postoperative day 1 and 7. RESULTS Increased end of surgery to baseline ratio of neuroserpin predicted the occurrence of both postoperative cognitive dysfunction (area under the curve = 0.655, 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.77) and delirium (area under curve = 0.643, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.77). Concentrations of neuroserpin were significantly higher on postoperative day 7 compared with end of surgery and postoperative day 1 in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Among novel biochemical markers of brain damage, neuroserpin may be a promising predictor of type 2 neurological complications and may express neuroregeneration after off-pump CABG, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H, and visinin-like protein 1 may not be suitable for this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szwed
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pawliszak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szwed
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lech Anisimowicz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Żekanowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Ge X, Guo M, Hu T, Li W, Huang S, Yin Z, Li Y, Chen F, Zhu L, Kang C, Jiang R, Lei P, Zhang J. Increased Microglial Exosomal miR-124-3p Alleviates Neurodegeneration and Improves Cognitive Outcome after rmTBI. Mol Ther 2019; 28:503-522. [PMID: 31843449 PMCID: PMC7001001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is considered to be an important risk factor for long-term neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by β-amyloid abnormalities and impaired cognitive function. Microglial exosomes have been reported to be involved in the transportation, distribution, and clearance of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. However, their impacts on the development of neurodegeneration after rmTBI are not yet known. The role of miRNAs in microglial exosomes on regulating post-traumatic neurodegeneration was investigated in the present study. We demonstrated that miR-124-3p level in microglial exosomes from injured brain was significantly altered in the acute, sub-acute, and chronic phases after rmTBI. In in vitro experiments, microglial exosomes with upregulated miR-124-3p (EXO-124) alleviated neurodegeneration in repetitive scratch-injured neurons. The effects were exerted by miR-124-3p targeting Rela, an inhibitory transcription factor of ApoE that promotes the β-amyloid proteolytic breakdown, thereby inhibiting β-amyloid abnormalities. In mice with rmTBI, the intravenously injected microglial exosomes were taken up by neurons in injured brain. Besides, miR-124-3p in the exosomes was transferred into hippocampal neurons and alleviated neurodegeneration by targeting the Rela/ApoE signaling pathway. Consequently, EXO-124 treatments improved the cognitive outcome after rmTBI, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mengtian Guo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wenzhu Li
- Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Luoyun Zhu
- Department of Medical Examination, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Ping Lei
- Laboratory of Neuro-Trauma and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
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